Search (204 results, page 1 of 11)

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Abstract

Provides a glossary of Internet search terms. Outlines a number of network retrieval tools and directories: Netscape's Internet search page, W3 search engines, Lycos, WebCrawler, InfoSeek, Yahoo, and CERN's Net Directory. Gices an example of how the Internet can be used to answer a reference query and the types of materials that can be retrieved

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Abstract

The role of a modern librarian has become more and more demanding in the information age. One of the new challenges for the information specialists is what's usually called "the teaching librarian", meaning that the librarian or information specialist should be able to teach at least basic practical searching skills to the patrons in need for relevant information. Query Performance Analyser (QPA) is a tool for analysing and comparing the performance of individual queries. It has been developed in the department of information studies at the University of Tampere. It can be used in user training to demonstrate the characteristics of IR systems and different searching strategies. Usually users can't get any feedback about the effectiveness of their queries and therefore may have difficulties to perceive the actual fectiveness of a query formulated, or the effect changes between queries. QPA provides a instant visual feedback about the performance of a given query and gives the user a possibility to compare the effectiveness of multiple queries and the performance of different query formulation strategies. QPA is based on predefined search topics. They all contain a corpus of documents that are relevant to the given topic. The purpose of this paper is to give a brief insight to the infrastructure of QPA, the basic :Functionality of the QPA-based game, and to its implementation in IR education.

Date

22. 7.2009 11:03:43

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Abstract

Considers the nature of the imposed query, that is the information query posed by users who are not seeking information to satisfy their own needs but those of another. Studies the various stages of user searching involved in the imposed query and offers a model of the imposed query focusing on its special characteristics and identifying several questions concerning the impact of the imposed query on current research and current reference practice

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Abstract

This article focuses an analysing students' information needs in terms of conceptual understanding of the topic they propose to study and its consequences for the search process and outcome. The research subjects were 22 undergraduates of psychology attending a seminar for preparing a research proposal for a small empirical study. They were asked to make searches in the PsycINFO database for their task in the beginning and end of the seminar. A pre- and postsearch interview was conducted in both sessions. The students were asked to think aloud in the sessions. This was recorded, as were the transaction logs. The results show that during the preparation of research proposals different features of the students' conceptual structure were connected to the search success. Students' ability to cover their conceptual construct by query terms was the major feature affecting search success during the whole process. In the beginning also the number of concepts and the proportion of subconcepts in the construct contributed indirectly via search tactics to retrieving partly useful references. Students' ability to extract new query terms from retrieved items improved search results.

Date

19. 6.2003 17:22:33

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Abstract

Presents a state of the art review of current awareness services in 1997 noting: the components of typical current awareness services; the range and types of databases that may be scanned during searches; and the role of feedback and document delivery mechanisms. Includes a checklist of criteria which may be used to evaluate current awreness services, including: database coverage; timeliness and currency; cost; and mechansims for creating and maintaining user SDI profiles. Discusses the main types of current awareness services: contents page services; abstracting and indexing services; and integrated online products (such as Engineering Index's Engineering Village), including SDI. Considers the concept of currency and remarks on the tendency for current awareness services to be products of a producer led rather than a user led culture

Date

9. 2.1997 18:44:22
22. 2.1999 17:48:45

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Abstract

Evaluations is a process that depends on the reappraisal of its various methodologies to remain responsive to new techniques, new services, and new insights in the field. Explores the possible impact of a new model of information seeking behaviour, the imposed query, on current approaches to library service and system evaluation. The areas considered are: reference service evaluation; user studies; output measures; and relevance; as an evaluation tool. Each section explores the implications of the imposed query model for research and practice and offers suggestions for incorporating the imposed query into these evaluation efforts: It is believed that inclusion of the imposed query in current methodology will broaden understanding of the user and the role that information organizations play in users' information seeking behaviour

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Abstract

Research on the use of online catalogues reveals that information retrieval by subject is the most common form, but the least successful. Most problems are attributed to users' search terms, which are either to broad or too specific. Presents an Intelligent Negotiating Neural Network (INN) design model for solving this aspect of online catalogues. The network is designed to act as as electronic information specialist capable of learning to negotiate a user's query and translate it into a true, well formulate statement prior to accessing an online catalogue. The network's architecture includes 4 dimensions: conceptual graphs for queries, inheritance and recognition, knowledge base, and modules. This architecture corresponds to four elements of the traditional query negotiation interview performed by information specialists. These are: query/concept; types of sources/answer-providing tools; types of literature; and time frame. 3 different sessions of the user interface are presented: negotiation of a broadly stae query; negotiation of a norrowly stae query; and negotiation of a query for which concepts are nonexistent in the knowledge base

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Abstract

Understanding search behavior is important and leads to more effective interfaces that support searchers throughout the search process. In this article, through an observational user study, we investigate the search behavior of 15 visually impaired and 15 sighted searchers while they complete complex search tasks online. We study complex search tasks because they are challenging, cognitively intensive and affect performance of searchers. We compare the behavior of the two groups of searchers at four stages of the information-seeking process namely, Query Formulation, Search Results Exploration, Query Reformulation, and Search Results Management. For each stage, we identify research questions to investigate the impact of speech-based screen readers on the information-seeking behavior of visually impaired users. Significant differences were observed during query formulation and in the use of query-level support features such as query suggestions and spelling suggestions. In addition, screen-reader users submitted a lower number of queries and displayed comparatively limited exploratory behavior during search results exploration. We investigate how a lack of visual cues affected visually impaired searchers' approach towards query reformulation and observed different strategies to manage and use information encountered during the search process. We discuss the implications that our findings have for the design of search interfaces and propose a set of design guidelines to consider when designing interfaces that are usable and accessible with screen readers. This work also enhances our understanding of search behavior when using an auditory interface and could be useful when designing audio-based information retrieval systems.

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Abstract

The tasks of choosing documents from a new collection and categorization the choices, both on the basis of a body of standing queries, are known variously as selection and routing, selective dissemination of information (SDI), and information filtering. The combined operation of selecting and labeling documents naturally separates into 2 processes: feature scanning and query resolution. The first process examines a document for features and their locations; the second takes the findings from the first process, looks for satisfaction of combinations specified in the queries, and marks the document accordingly. When the body of queries is large, query resolution can become a significant factor in total processing speed. This paper outlines an efficient approach to performing query resolution on massive Boolean queries, suitable for implementation on a desktop computer. Algorithms are sketched in pseudo-code and experimental results are reported

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Abstract

Describes Ask a Librarian, a free online query service launched on the Web in Nov 1997

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Abstract

Attempts to apply the most recent theories about company wide quality control to public library reference services, and in particular to librarian user interaction during the reference interview. Elements of the interaction that directly affect the quality of the service include the librarian's ability to listen, understand the user's real requirement, and offer the most precise and apt solution to the query. There are also indirect quality factors such as the range of information sources available, the librarian's query solving routine and his educational level, and familiarity with sources and search methods. Looks at the possible outcomes of the reference interview, and how user needs are satisfied

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Abstract

The user interface presented in this paper is part of a virtual information service for industry innovation and competitiveness developed at TECPAR (Institute of Technology of Parana State). It makes the access to the Internet by query possible, by means of word selection in sucessive menus and fill-in forms, and will be integrated to a technical computer supported response system. This work describes the knowledge organization process, the user interface, and other parts of the system that take advantage of them

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Abstract

In this paper, we introduce a class of systems called Information Management Assistants (IMAs). IMAs automatically discover related material on behalf of the user by serving as an intermediary between the user and information retrieval systems. IMAs observe users interact with everyday applications and then anticipate their information needs using a model of the task at hand. IMAs then automatically fulfill these needs using the text of the document the user is manipulating and a knowledge of how to form queries to traditional information retrieval systems (e.g., Internet search engines, abstract databases, etc.). IMAs automatically query information systems on behalf of users as well as provide an interface by which the user can pose queries explicitly. Because IMAs are aware of the user's task, they can augment their explicit query with terms representative of the context of this task. In this way, IMAs provide a framework for bringing implicit task context to bear on servicing explicit information requests, significantly reducing ambiguity. IMAs embody a just-in-time information infrastructure in which information is brought to users as they need it, without requiring explicit requests. In this paper, we present our work on an architecture for this class of system, and our progress implementing Watson, a prototype of such a system. Watson observes users in word processing and Web browsing applications and uses a simple model of the user's tasks, knowledge of term importance, and an understanding of query generation to find relevant documents and service explicit queries. We close by discussing our experimental evaluations of the system

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Abstract

The Missouri Statewide Reference Center, a cooperative activity between the Missouri State Library and the Kansas City Public Library, is designed to provide backup reference service to libraries and individuals anywhere in the state. Operating out of Kansas City Public Library's main library, the centre provides reference help from a staff of professional librarians and a collection numbering more than 1.800.000 items. Provides brief information on the centre in question and answer form on the following topics: kinds of service provided, methods of access, hours of service, time taken to process a query, and cost of service

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Abstract

Account of the enquiries addressed to a beginner at the central information desk of Oldenburg University library. The desk is placed were it is easily disturbed, especially by the telephone. For the more complex enquiries the librarian needs to question the user in order to formulate a specific query for searching. Librarians must choose whether to indicate the reference tools to the user or to find the information themselves. Hindrances are queues, lack of confidence in users, inexacteness of request.

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Abstract

Offers 10 tips for finding information on the Internet. Define the area and level of expertise. Require end users to complete a request form defining the query. Categorize the Internat in lay terms for casual users. Establich a realistic time for retrieving results. Adopt a disciplined, systematic approach to the search. Understand the operating platform and the major tools available. Maintain a file of important services and addresses and users. Develop bookmarks and home pages. Learn shortcuts. Participate in the Internet Hunt (a monthly series of questions that allows searchers to practice and perfect search skills)

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Abstract

Investigates library use and research behaviour of business students at California State University at San Marcos. A sample of 68 graduate and 91 undergraduate students were surveyed and observed for their behaviour in 3 conceptual domains: query formulation and task assignments, prereference process expectations and post reference process responses. Participant observations confirmed many of the student attitudes revealed in the survey

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Abstract

This study compares the traditional model of the reference interview with a new model based on online information process. The research objectives were three-fold: 1. to develop and test a new model of the reference interview in which the Web becomes an important component; 2. to determine which model is most effective in satisfying user needs; 3. To rate models according to perceptions and evaluations of users and librarians. Observing traditional reference interview process reveals that a user's initial query is followed by a series of questions posed by the librarian for the purpose of query clarification. Interpersonal communication facilitates this process. Predictable problems and difficulties for both user and librarian often arise. As users increasingly associate research with online searching and the Internet, meeting user expectations that reference services will integrate new technologies seems not only unavoidable but also highly desirable. Still, Internet use in libraries remains generally isolated from librarian/user process - users surf solo and often do not use collections or benefit from the librarian's expertise in onlilne searching. The Web offers librarians new opportunities to present users with a rich array of information from which they can examine, compare, evaluate and select information, focus a topic, learn of new contexts and perspectives, and make informed choices. Findings of this study offer fresh perspectives on reference interview process and lend support to the adoption of a new reference model which importantly shifts its venue from a person to person process, to one in which information itself provides the platform for user and librarian interaction

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Abstract

Past trends in reference instruction, query analysis and proloferation of reference tools classed by primary functions into a general typology anticipated the use of paradigm logic, templates, search strategies, and systematic searching in applied Artificial Intelligence research and design of expert system, especially referral and decision-support systems. The approach, methodologies, and technique employed in basic reference and subject-area reference instruction in four graduate library schools, developed first at the University of Maryland after 1976, are reviewed. The advantages and limitations of the latter are discussed to suggest the interplay of personal service, manual tools, and computerized systems for holistic reference programs. Librarians' transition to the automated tools using AI methods might be improved by introducing paradigms, typologies, strategies, and a systems approach in reference instruction for professionals and more generally in bibliographic instruction