Search (2662 results, page 1 of 134)

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Content

"Bitte suchen Sie alle Unterlagen, die im PC zum Ibelshäuser-Vertrag in Sprockhövel gespeichert sind. Finden Sie alles, was wir haben - Dokumente, Tabellen, Präsentationen, Scans, E-Mails. Und erledigen Sie das gleich! « Wer diese Aufgabe an das Windows-eigene Suchmodul vergibt, wird zwangsläufig enttäuscht. Denn das Betriebssystem beherrscht weder die formatübergreifende Recherche noch die Kontextsuche, die für solche komplexen Aufträge nötig sind. Professionelle Desktop-Suchmaschinen erledigen Aufgaben dieser Art jedoch im Handumdrehen - genauer gesagt in einer einzigen Sekunde. Spitzenprogramme wie Global Brain benötigen dafür nicht einmal umfangreiche Abfrageformulare. Es genügt, einen Satz im Eingabefeld zu formulieren, der das Thema der gewünschten Dokumente eingrenzt. Dabei suchen die Programme über alle Laufwerke, die sich auf dem System einbinden lassen - also auch im Netzwerk-Ordner (Shared Folder), sofern dieser freigegeben wurde. Allen Testkandidaten - mit Ausnahme von Search 32 - gemeinsam ist, dass sie weitaus bessere Rechercheergebnisse abliefern als Windows, deutlich schneller arbeiten und meist auch in den Online-Postfächern stöbern. Wer schon öfter vergeblich über die Windows-Suche nach wichtigen Dokumenten gefahndet hat, kommt angesichts der Qualität der Search-Engines kaum mehr um die Anschaffung eines Desktop-Suchtools herum. Aber Microsoft will nachbessern. Für den Windows-XP-Nachfolger Longhorn wirbt der Hersteller vor allem mit dem Hinweis auf das neue Dateisystem WinFS, das sämtliche Files auf der Festplatte über Meta-Tags indiziert und dem Anwender damit lange Suchläufe erspart. So sollen sich anders als bei Windows XP alle Dateien zu bestimmten Themen in wenigen Sekunden auflisten lassen - unabhängig vom Format und vom physikalischen Speicherort der Files. Für die Recherche selbst ist dann weder der Dateiname noch das Erstelldatum ausschlaggebend. Anhand der kontextsensitiven Suche von WinFS kann der Anwender einfach einen Suchbefehl wie »Vertragsabschluss mit Firma XYZ, Neunkirchen/Saar« eingeben, der dann ohne Umwege zum Ziel führt."

Object

SER Global Brain Personal Ed. 1.7.7 Prof.

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Abstract

Case records of patients with brain tumours and the related image files (CATSCAN, MRI, X-ray, etc.) are information products generated and used by surgeons. A system has been developed to navigate within case records and link an to related image files. Hypertext links to relevant Web resources an brain tumours are also provided for from the case records. The collaborative and semantic dimensions of the knowledge base development are mentioned. Some 20 fields record administrative data and some 160 fields describe the characteristics of the tumour, its diagnosis, surgery, post-surgical complications, etc. This knowledge base forms part of a total system that includes three other databases of case sheets of patients (with tumours of the pituitary, spinal cord, and trauma), a bibliographic database, profiles of institutions, experts and projects.

Source

Knowledge organization and the global information society: Proceedings of the 8th International ISKO Conference 13-16 July 2004, London, UK. Ed.: I.C. McIlwaine

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Abstract

The representation of information contents by graphical maps is an extended ongoing research topic. In this paper we introduce the application of UDC codes for the subject maps development. We use the following graphic representation methodologies: 1) Multidimensional scaling (MDS), 2) Cluster analysis, 3) Neural networks (Self Organizing Map - SOM). Finally, we conclude about the application viability of every kind of map. 1. Introduction Advanced techniques for Information Retrieval (IR) currently make up one of the most active areas for research in the field of library and information science. New models representing document content are replacing the classic systems in which the search terms supplied by the user were compared against the indexing terms existing in the inverted files of a database. One of the topics most often studied in the last years is bibliographic browsing, a good complement to querying strategies. Since the 80's, many authors have treated this topic. For example, Ellis establishes that browsing is based an three different types of tasks: identification, familiarization and differentiation (Ellis, 1989). On the other hand, Cove indicates three different browsing types: searching browsing, general purpose browsing and serendipity browsing (Cove, 1988). Marcia Bates presents six different types (Bates, 1989), although the classification of Bawden is the one that really interests us: 1) similarity comparison, 2) structure driven, 3) global vision (Bawden, 1993). The global vision browsing implies the use of graphic representations, which we will call map displays, that allow the user to get a global idea of the nature and structure of the information in the database. In the 90's, several authors worked an this research line, developing different types of maps. One of the most active was Xia Lin what introduced the concept of Graphical Table of Contents (GTOC), comparing the maps to true table of contents based an graphic representations (Lin 1996). Lin applies the algorithm SOM to his own personal bibliography, analyzed in function of the words of the title and abstract fields, and represented in a two-dimensional map (Lin 1997). Later on, Lin applied this type of maps to create websites GTOCs, through a Java application.

Date

12. 9.2004 14:31:22

Source

Challenges in knowledge representation and organization for the 21st century: Integration of knowledge across boundaries. Proceedings of the 7th ISKO International Conference Granada, Spain, July 10-13, 2002. Ed.: M. López-Huertas

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Date

30. 5.2010 16:22:35

Object

Brain

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Footnote

Rez. in: KO 32(2005) no.3, S.135-136 (N. Bridge): "Authors of books have usually lived with their material for years before they embark on the arduous business of writing the book, followed by the revisiting during the editing and publishing processes. The indexers of their books usually have between two and four weeks to absorb the subject of the book. Even with a prior knowledge of the discipline, they are faced with the author's particular "take" on the subject and writing style, including any one of a number of ways of presenting the material. This is multiplied in complexity when the book is a multiauthored work, a collection of essays and papers, comprising several authors' differing views and individual styles. Ideally, the indexer is an expert in the subject matter of the book, perfectly matched to the book; in practice, this almost never happens. Indexers aim at producing an index that is truly reflective of the individual book and its author, a goal that often seems overwhelming when the pile of page proofs arrives with the courier, or electronically through a PDF file, hundreds of pages of closely argued text. As well as the time limit, there can be other restrictions, most commonly having to make the index fit into the number of pages decreed by the publisher, with difficult, even agonizing decisions lying ahead. Consequently, indexers can fall into a number of different traps: getting lost in a welter of detailed overindexing; or, mindful of time and space limits, indexing too broadly and simplistically, bouncing from text heading to heading, topic sentence to topic sentence. Most indexers of academic books I know, including myself, tend to fall into the first category at least with their first few indexes. Especially when the content is personally fascinating, it's easy to lose a rational, analytical approach to the content of a book, and wrest this back only with difficulty during the editing stage with the deadline looming. Do Mi Stauber's title, Facing the Text, is, thus, provocative, because that's what all indexers inevitably have to do. She knows the process: for example, at the start, the "gap between you and those pages that for a moment seems very wide" (p. 1). This sympathetic, personal tone pervades the book: the emphasis is on the personal experiences, feelings, and perceptions of indexers when confronted by the various situations thrown up by indexing; it's "I" and "you" throughout. The chapter subheadings often echo this: my tendency to lose sight of main topics is explained and diagnosed in "Lost Among the Trees" (p. 63-64). The section "Being Stuck" (p. 324-26), describes a number of reasons for this common malady, along with remedies for each, including the "Hammock Method" (p. 46). Stauber has been presenting workshops with the title "Facing the Text" since 1997, and her book reflects a friendly, listening engagement with her audience.
She divides the topics within the text to be indexed into the categories of metatopics, local main topics, and ancillary topics, followed by subheadings. The indexability of individual topics at whatever level, and their wording, absorb other chapters. Linkages among the topics - cross-references and doubleposting - arc tracked in the chapter "Connections and Access." Finally, the mechanics of indexing are contained in "Process" and "Inside an Indexer's Brain" describes her own procedure and feelings as she indexes a book from beginning to end. When I initially faced the text of this book, I felt overwhelmed, even bewildered, by the plethora of terminology, much of it Stauber's own. Further, each chapter is divided into a complex array of headings, subheadings, sub-subheadings, and more. But when I read from beginning to end, all those pieces fell into place. Stauber develops her text logically, explaining each step of the way clearly, distinguishing each detail from others, and frequently linking passages to relevant others. At every stage in the book, she illustrates with copious examples from indexes she or others have compiled. In the case of her own indexes, she describes her thought processes, her initial reactions to what she read, her decisions regarding the use of particular topics and at what level, and of her chosen terminology; and also, and often, how and why she later changed her mind as she got further into the text. This forms a candid and detailed analysis of indexing, step by step, stage by stage, complex and subtle but with a perceptibly firm connecting structure. In short, she's a good writer.
Facing the Text falls into what I call the third wave of books about back-of-the-book indexing. Each of these waves overlaps, but generally the first consists of the general manuals on indexing books (and other media): Booth, Knight, Mulvany, and Wellisch, along with chapter 18 of the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th ed. These set out the fundamental principles, conventions, or rules of indexing in a mostly impersonal, dispassionate tone. The second wave carried manuals on indexing in specific disciplines and genres: biography, medicine, law, psychology, history, genealogy, etc. The third wave, exemplified by Stauber's Facing the Text and Smith and Kells' Inside Indexing, delves into what goes through the mind of the indexer "facing the text" and putting together an index based on it. The tone is personal and subjective, the authors taking the reader through their own perceptions of the stages of indexing a book, the inevitable problems and subsequent decision making, expressed through their own reactions and reasoning. Facing the Text is not a manual where the newcomer to indexing can find immediate answers to specific problems: the first and second waves of books on indexing are designed to provide those. It's a book for the professional indexer or academic author indexing more than one book; its effect is to hone skills and refine working habits, to increase efficiency and effectiveness, to create indexes that make faithful, logical sense of the text. Newcomers, including first-time academic-author indexers, should begin with the last chapter "Inside an Indexer's Brain," then the second-to-last chapter, "Process"; in fact, I would suggest that any reader begin with "Inside an Indexer's Brain," for its introduction to the terminology and the overall look at indexing, from the first to the last page of the text to be indexed. As one would expect, the index to Facing the Text is comprehensive; in fact, exhaustive, and admirably detailed. The personable, conversational tone continues here, with entries such as "Subheadings/creating as you go" and "Notes to yourself." Of course, "Being stuck" is there as is, and also helpfully doubleposted as "Stuckness strategies." Finally, and on a relatively small note, this is a nicely designed book. Not only is it laid out for looks, it's laid out for use. The type is a friendly size, and the complex structure of headings, subheadings, and sub-subheadings is rendered immediately intelligible by the well-chosen fonts. My only criticism concerns the tightness of the binding; manuals should lie flat, without having to be anchored on each side with paperweights."

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Abstract

We generally think of conceptual structures (and their mathematical representations: conceptual graphs) as a technical framework providing a sound basis for research and design work in knowledge representation and related areas of computer science. In this article, 1 suggest that conceptual structure predates computer science by some three-million years. In particular, 1 argue that the human brain (or rather, the brain of our hominid ancestors) acquired conceptual structure long before it acquired language, and that the acquisition of conceptual structure was the key cognitive development that led to the emergence of contemporary humans. Moreover, human language was the result of the addition of grammatical structure to an already developed conceptual structure

Source

Conceptual structures: logical, linguistic, and computational issues. 8th International Conference on Conceptual Structures, ICCS 2000, Darmstadt, Germany, August 14-18, 2000. Ed.: B. Ganter et al

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Content

Darin ein Abschnitt zum Thema' Kognitive Operatoren' (S.70-79). Vgl. auch: http://www.medien-gesellschaft.de/html/gott_im_kopf.html. Vgl. auch den Beitrag: Blume, M., S. Stalinski: Sitzt Gott im Gehirn?: Neue Erkenntnisse aus der Hirnforschung. Ein Gespräch - Beitrag vom 24.10.2021. In: https://www.deutschlandfunkkultur.de/neue-erkenntnisse-aus-der-hirnforschung-sitzt-gott-im-gehirn.1278.de.html?dram:article_id=504629&utm_source=pocket-newtab-global-de-DE.

LCSH

Brain

Subject

Brain

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Abstract

In 2003, OCLC published Dewey Decimal Classification and Relative Index, Edition 22 (DDC 22), in print and Web versions. The changes and updates in the new edition reflect a modern view of knowledge structures and address the general needs of Dewey users. The content of DDC 22 has been shaped by a number of social, geopolitical, and technical trends. The World Wide Web has provided a vehicle for more frequent distribution of updates to the DDC, and a medium for direct communication with Dewey users around the world. In addition to updating the system itself, other strategies are needed to accommodate the needs of the global Dewey user community. Translation of the system is one approach; another is mapping. Mapping terminology to the DDC is a strategy for supporting effective local implementation of the system while maintaining the internal cohesiveness of the DDC. This paper explores the usefulness of mapping terminology from English-language general subject headings lists produced outside the U.S.

Object

DDC-22

Source

Knowledge organization and the global information society: Proceedings of the 8th International ISKO Conference 13-16 July 2004, London, UK. Ed.: I.C. McIlwaine

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Object

DDC-22

Source

Knowledge organization and the global information society: Proceedings of the 8th International ISKO Conference 13-16 July 2004, London, UK. Ed.: I.C. McIlwaine

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Source

Indexer. 22(2001) no.3, S.123-127

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Date

8.11.2001 19:58:22

Object

SER Brain

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Abstract

Nutch is an open-source Web search engine that can be used at global, local, and even personal scale. Its initial design goal was to enable a transparent alternative for global Web search in the public interest - one of its signature features is the ability to "explain" its result rankings. Recent work has emphasized how it can also be used for intranets; by local communities with richer data models, such as the Creative Commons metadata-enabled search for licensed content; on a personal scale to index a user's files, email, and web-surfing history; and we also report on several other research projects built on Nutch. In this paper, we present how the architecture of the Nutch system enables it to be more flexible and scalable than other comparable systems today.

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Abstract

The wide acceptance of social networking tools in online environments is prompting scientists to engage in metadata creation in not only for organizing their own digital records, but also for contributing to data and journal repositories. Understanding the behaviors and practices of these communities can help us create more effective metadata structures within our information systems. This point is underscored by information science researchers who have emphasized the need to examine how certain communities interact with, search for, or organize information (Palmer 2001). By examining scientists, information professionals can be more informed in how to create better collections, services, and systems. As library and repository collections become more diverse and personalized, the organization and ingest techniques/applications behind those systems also should be based on observations of how actual user communities work. One area that is relevant to the practice of scientists and metadata is personal information management (PIM). The study of personal Information management typically focuses on finding (a relative of retrieval), refinding, maintenance, and organization. Metadata is at the core of these activities, although current research seems to focus more on task completion, rather than the underlying metadata structures and arrangements. Most PIM studies and writings have focused on tool development and finding (Jones 2007), but have rarely look closely at the organizational/metadata practices of individuals. As scientific communities, like evolutionary biology, turn more to cyberinfrastructures for sharing and collaborating with each other, it is important for information professionals to understand the more personal aspects of metadata generation and organization. Recent studies done by the Dryad repository69 team have looked at different aspects of data sharing and reuse in the evolutionary biology community. These studies have prompted questions about metadatageneration by scientists, their perceptions of the process, and the link between their metadata and the structures imposed in information systems. This poster will report on a study examining how evolutionary biologists create and use personal metadata to organize their research data. Using an ethnographic interview technique, participants are being interviewed about their current and previous data organization styles and techniques. This information about metadata and information organization can be used to inform new workflow and organization models for knowledge organization and metadata creation practices in developments for repositories, libraries, and cyberinfrastructures.

Source

Metadata for semantic and social applications : proceedings of the International Conference on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications, Berlin, 22 - 26 September 2008, DC 2008: Berlin, Germany / ed. by Jane Greenberg and Wolfgang Klas

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Abstract

Comparisons of brain size and structure have traditionally been considered with reference to another scaling variable such as body size. Now Clark et al. have developed a new method of comparing the brains of different mammalian species by normalizing brain component size using the whole brain or 'telencephalon' as the reference unit. The 'cerebrotype' thus obtained corresponds well with established evolutionary relationships. Within each taxon, brain regions are scalable and tend to maintain a fixed ratio to one another independently of absolute total brain volume

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Pages

S.19-22

Source

Knowledge organization and the global information society: Proceedings of the 8th International ISKO Conference 13-16 July 2004, London, UK. Ed.: I.C. McIlwaine

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Content

"ISKO-France, Chapter Report The French Chapter gathered more than 80 participants to its bi-annual conference last year, April 2005. The theme of the Conference was: "Knowledge Organization and User-Oriented Strategic Watch Information Systems: Strategic Watch and Economic Intelligence Contexts". The conference was chaired par Prof. Amos David from the University of Nancy. The General Assembly was convened on this occasion and a new ISKO-France President was elected, Prof. Stéphane Chaudiron, University of Lille 3, a vice-President for communication and relations with International ISKO, Dr. Widad Mustafa El Hadi. A new Executive Board (EB) was elected: the new Secretary is Dr. Sahbi Sihdhom University of Nancy; Ms. Sylvie Dalbin, Assistance Techniques documentaires, Paris, is our new treasurer. Other members of the EB : Prof. Amos David, University of Nancy; Dr. Ismail Timimi, University of Lille 3, two members from the ENSSIB, that is the National School of Information and Library Science: Prof. Jean-Paul Metgzer, the former ISKO-France President and Dr. Omar Larouk. The French Chapter co-organized "la semaine de la connaissance" "Knowledge Week" on the 26`h June to the 30`5. The Knowledge Week was a gathering of all French societies dealing with Knowledge and KO issues. ISKO-France gathered about 46, almost half of the participants attended our specific ISKOFrance Day, i.e. Monday the 26`h. The invited Talk was given by a member of our Chapter, i.e. Prof. Viviane Couzinet, University of Toulouse. The Invited talk addressed at the opening session the whole Conference. The 6th ISKO-France conference will be conducted in Toulouse on the 14-16 of June 2007: the theme of the conference is Knowledge Organization in the In formation Society (Organisation des connaissances et les sociétés du savoir). This is a free translation to English since the French language has two labels for the concept of "Knowledge": 'connaissance' and 'Savoir'. The Conference and Programme Chair will be Prof. Vivaine Couzinet. The Chair of Organizing Committee will be Caroline Courbieres, University of Toulouse. The detailed Call for papers together with the Programme and Organizing Committees will be released shortly. - Widad all Mustafa.
ISKO Activities in Poland In May 2006, Prof. Wieslaw Babik was elected ISKO Coordinator in Poland. ISKO has nine members in Poland. The majority of them are associated with the Institute of Information and Book Studies of the Warsaw University. In 1995, the Polish Chapter of ISKO organized an international seminar in Warsaw dedicated to the Compatibility and Integration of Order Systems. The seminar proceedings have been pub lished. The new ISKO Coordinator in Poland intends to increase the activity of the current members in various fields of ISKO operations through: - Promotion of ISKO in Polish scientific periodicals to enlarge membership; - Development of the "ISKO in Poland" website (a page on the Institute's website) by students, with links to other educational institutions and professional societies; - Organization of an international ISKO conference in Krakow in 2010; - Promotion of the Knowledge Organization, with publication of articles by Polish scholars; - Regular development of Polish literature on the Knowledge Organization by placement of publications in the "KO Literature" (Ed. by G. Riesthuis); - Preparation of relevant information for the ISKO News; - Collaboration between the Polish ISKO and the Polish Librarians' Association, the Polish Society of Scientific Information, the International Specialized Terminology Organization etc.; - Development of an information center for information-terminology-knowledge organization and management, with a special collection of ISKO books and periodicals (as a deposit of the Polish ISKO) at the Department of Information Management, Institute of Information and Library Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow); and, - Promotion of research activities in the theory and practice of terminology-information-knowledge organization and management. In addition, the Polish ISKO plans to disseminate the ISKO ideas in the Polish journals dedicated to scientific information and library science, as well as to open a discussion list on the subject. Presently, the most important forum of mutual contacts between the members is the Internet, which allows to develop a specific virtual community. The community is bound by the distribution of irregular e-mails with the ISKO in Poland News on the activities conducted by the ISKO Coordinators in Poland. - Wieslaw Babik.
Information Access for the Global Community: an International Seminar on the Universal Decimal Classification.--UDC Seminar 4 and 5 June 2007 A two day International Seminar will be held at the UDC Headquarters in The Hague, exploring latest developments and applications of the Universal Decimal Classification. There will be an international panel of speakers and presentations by members of the UDC Consortium. The goal of this Seminar is to bring together UDC publishers, information management practitioners and researchers from both the standards industry and institutions and projects. The Seminar will be a unique opportunity to share ideas, problems and solutions relating to the multifaceted aspects of UDC management and use. The themes to be addressed include: current situation and future prospects of UDC, its role in bibliographic control, innovative applications, publishers and their products, and training and research. The venue is the Koninklijke Bibliotheek/National Library of the Netherlands, Prins Willem-Alexanderhof 5, Den Haag."

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Abstract

This paper describes a preliminary research project which applies Personal Construct Theory to individual user perceptions of photographs. The research has both theoretical and practical objectives, namely: to test the validity of Personal Construct Theory (Kelly's theory and corollaries) for subject content analysis of photographs, and to use Personal Construct Theory and repertory grids to enhance retrieval of photographs. The background to Personal Construct Theory and to the use of Repertory Grids is presented and there is an overview of applications of these techniques in library and information science and other disciplines. Research results Show a high level of consistency among the personal constructs which participants used to distinguish between photographs. While some problems associated with using Repertory Grids for subject content analysis are identified, the research concludes that they provide a useful method of collecting unbiased data about what users see in visual images and for comparing user perceptions with alternative retrieval vocabularies and methods. Incorporation of a participant's constructs in automatic classification systems for visual images remains a major challenge.

Source

Subject retrieval in a networked environment: Proceedings of the IFLA Satellite Meeting held in Dublin, OH, 14-16 August 2001 and sponsored by the IFLA Classification and Indexing Section, the IFLA Information Technology Section and OCLC. Ed.: I.C. McIlwaine

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Abstract

Personal information management (PIM) refers to the practice and the study of the activities a person performs in order to acquire or create, store, organize, maintain, retrieve, use, and distribute the information needed to meet life's many goals (everyday and long-term, work-related and not) and to fulfill life's many roles and responsibilities (as parent, spouse, friend, employee, member of community, etc.). PIM activities are an effort to establish, use, and maintain a mapping between information and need. Activities of finding (and re-finding) move from a current need toward information while activities of keeping move from encountered information toward anticipated need. Metalevel activities such as maintaining, organizing, and managing the flow of information focus on the mapping itself. Tools and techniques of PIM can promote information integration with benefits for each kind of PIM activity and across the life cycle of personal information. Understanding how best to accomplish this integration without inadvertently creating problems along the way is a key challenge of PIM.

Source

Encyclopedia of library and information sciences. 3rd ed. Ed.: M.J. Bates

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Abstract

A model of browsing-based conceptual information retrieval is proposed employing two different types of dictionaries, a global dictionary and a local dictionary. A global dictionary with the authorized terms is utilized to capture the commonly acknowledgeable conceptual relation between a query and a document by replacing their keywords with the dictionary terms. The documents are ranked by the conceptual closeness to a query, and are arranged in the form of a user's personal digital library, or pDL. In a pDL a user can browse the arranged documents based an a suggestion about which documents are worth examining. This suggestion is made by the information in a local dictionary that is organized so as to reflect a user's interest and the association of keywords with the documents. Experiments for testing the retrieval performance of utilizing the two types of dictionaries were also performed using Standard test collections.

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Abstract

Connectionist models or neural networksare a type of AI technique that is based an small interconnected processing nodes which yield an overall behaviour that is intelligent. They have a very broad utility. In IR, they have been used in filtering information, query expansion, relevance feedback, clustering terms or documents, the topological organization of documents, labeling groups of documents, interface design, reduction of document dimension, the classification of the terms in a brain-storming session, etc. The present work is a fairly exhaustive study and classification of the application of this type of technique to IR. For this purpose, we focus an the main publications in the area of IR and neural networks, as well as an some applications of our own design.

Source

Challenges in knowledge representation and organization for the 21st century: Integration of knowledge across boundaries. Proceedings of the 7th ISKO International Conference Granada, Spain, July 10-13, 2002. Ed.: M. López-Huertas