-
Weintraub, D.K.: ¬An extended review of PRECIS (1979)
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- Abstract
- The PRECIS system of subject headings was designed for use with a computer-produced subject index. Accordingly, the routines of subject heading work are clearly differentiated into clerical procedures and those that require judgement. The clerical procedures can be accomplished largely through the use of computer programs. The subject headings represent a unique combination of several different characteristics. As a result the system permits several coextensive forms of a subject name for each work. The allowable forms of subject name are restricted somewhat by the constraints of the system but the final choice amongst the various alternatives is made by the subject analyst. Often, this choice reflects his or her usage rather than any attempt to realize an explicit code for subject names. There is some evidence that this judgement varies in individual cases. Moreover, there is no empirical evidence that the alternatives permitted do reflect user convenience - although, in fact, this may be true
-
Dykstra, M.: ¬The lion that squeaked (1978)
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- Abstract
- A plea to the Library of Congress to adopt the British PRECIS system, and to reconsider the decision to overhaul the LC Subject Headings
-
Eyre, J.J.: Computer-based indexing systems : implications for the book indexer (1974)
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- Abstract
- The terms which comprise an entry in an index can be arranged in various ways. The use use roles or facets such as 'thing-action-part-effect' under which terms can be categorized allows the use of citation orders which preserve the syntactic relationships between terms in a string. Alphabetization and rotation in context are simple methods but with certain disadvantages for the users. The citation order of BTI results in a detailed index using punctation to indicate relationships. PRECIS incorporates prepositions which preserve necessary entries. Articulated indexes use natural language phrases displayed under selectes subject headings. These methods could be used to construct book indexes
-
Broxis, P.F.: Syntactic and semantic relationships : or: a review of PRECIS: a manual of concept analysis and subject indexing (1976)
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-
Bidd, D.; Chevigny, L. de; Marshall, M.: PRECIS for subject access in a national audiovisual information system (1986)
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- Abstract
- The first opportunity to assess a largescale application of the PRECIS indexing system in North America came with its adoption by the National Film Board of Canada as the method of subject access to a national information system for Canadian audiovisual materials. The authors provide an overview of PRECIS use by this automated bibliographic service - the reasons for its choice, the challenge involved in the subject analysis and indexing of audiovisual documents, the methodology and software used to process PRECIS records, the resulting catalogue subject indexes and user reaction
-
Austin, D.: ¬The role of indexing in subject retrieval (1976)
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- Imprint
- Urbana-Champaign : Univ. of Illinois, Graduate School of Library Science
-
DeHart, F.E.; Glazier, J.: Computer searching on PRECIS : an exploration of measuring comparative retrieval effectiveness (1984)
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- Abstract
- Designing research on the retrieval effectiveness of computer searches on PRECIS compared with retrieval effectiveness of searches on other types of subject analysis used in computer-based information sources is a complex process. This paper explores the complexity of measuring comparative retrieval effectiveness through a comparison of the subject analysis provided by the PRECIS system for fifty articles with the subject analysis provided for the same articles by three computer-based information sources: ERIC/CIJE, LLBA/Online and PsycINFO. Objectives are: (1) to discover factors that should be taken into account when designing this type of research; and (2) to identify extraneous variables that work against internal validity in research design .
-
Richmond, P.A.: Classification from PRECIS : some possibilities (1976)
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- Abstract
- The Preserved Context Index System (PRECIS) developed for subject indexing for the BNB is discussed as a basis for various studies relating to classification which could be made from its initial phrases, strings, entries and back-up structure. Specific possibilities include use of mehodologies such as Goffman's "indirect method", Fox's "characterization" of rules, derivation of empirical hyperbolic distributions, and lognormal distributions. The relationship of existing methods of subject analysis to each other through PRECIS is explored. Brief samples are included
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 27(1976), S.240-247
-
Austin, D.; Digger, J.A.: PRECIS: The Preserved Context Index System (1985)
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- Abstract
- Probably the most interesting, original and controversial indexing system of the 1970s has been PRECIS (the Preserved Context Index System) developed by Derek Austin. It attracted such attention that the short courses given at the British National Bibliography offices in London -initiated as a means of teaching the staff of BNB who did subject indexing-were repeated all over the world, in the form of three-day or three-week sessions. A few fortunate non-BNB indexers were taken into London classes, taught by Austin and Digger, and had the advantage of a week's work with the regular staff theresomething that could not be done elsewhere. In addition, descriptions of the system were published from time to time as progress was made an the system itself and clarification or updating were needed. This article has been selected as an example of clarification. A second edition of the original 1974 Manual describing PRECIS appeared in early 1984, so the system may now be regarded as fully mature. PRECIS, which is the culmination of Austin's research for the Classification Research Group plus considerable additional input from the science of linguistics, is a highly sophisticated indexing system, deliberately created to be used with a computer. The motive behind it was that the indexer should do the brain work and the computer the nitty-gritty work of manipulating index terms. Chosen combinations and permutations are used as head words under strict rules to ensure that the context which defines the specific meaning of these words is always present, thus avoiding the ambiguity problem in indexing. The system also has classifi ation features, in part drawn from the Group's long interest in faceted classification. The actual index produces a large number of index entries, each carrying with it the basic context of the item being described. A weIl-defined terminology, in addition to contextdependency, is a feature of PRECIS. Role operators define the types of terms used and control the manipulations of the terms, which are originally entered as a string. The indexer is able to analyze and reduce to string form any document, process, or material that can be described in words, making it ideal for most audiovisual material.
The system itself has two major aspects: - a syntactic approach in which relationships between terms are identified and tagged. Suitable algorithms for manipulation produce a very thorough index in which each head word is kept in context. - a semantic approach in which terminology is weIl defined by ensuring that the relationships of equivalence, hierarchy, and association are clearly established. Charts of relationships are created by inductive means (i.e., from the ground up). A special code for computer manipulation is used with each line of the string. This translates the string format into one that, with specially derived algorithms, can be used by the computer, to produce the actual index headings with all parts rotated by following the algorithm. The PRECIS system has been translated and utilized for languages other than English, notably French, German, and Danish. Modifications needed for idiosyncracies of each language have been made. Some, such as those modifications needed for German, have turned out to have usefulness with English as weIl. All in all, the system has such advanced indexing concepts that it provides a kind of indexing not possible before the computer came into common usage. Austin, who joined the staff of the British National Bibliography in 1963, is currently a member of the British Library staff. His early work included a NATO-sponsored research assignment for the Classification Research Group (q.v.). This, in turn, led to the development of PRECIS.
- Source
- Theory of subject analysis: a sourcebook. Ed.: L.M. Chan, et al
-
¬The PRECIS system for computer-generated indexes and its use in the British National Bibliography (1972)
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- Source
- Subject retrieval in the seventies: new directions. Proc. of an Int. Symp. ... College Park, May 14-15, 1971. Ed.: H.H. Wellisch et al
-
Mahapatra, M.; Biswas, S.C.: Efficiency of PRECIS role operators (1984)
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- Abstract
- The efficiency of the role operators of PRECIS may be studied from two viewpoints - quantitative as well as qualitative. The frequency of appearance of different role operators in an input string may be taken as a measure of such quantitative parameters of efficiency. The scope of this paper lies in measuring the efficiency of role operators through their frequency of appearances in input strings. Most of the earlier research on PRECIS focused either on its general descriptions or its application to various subjects, media, languages, institutions, countries and to any regional/national/international information exchange network. No work has so far been reported which makes a quantitative evaluation of the system through its role operators except some general evaluative studies against different subject fields
-
Madelung, H.-O.: Subject searching in the social sciences : a comparison of PRECIS and KWIC indexes indexes to newspaper articles (1982)
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- Abstract
- 89 articles from a small, Danish left-wing newspaper were indexed by PRECIS and KWIC. The articles cover a wide range of social science subjects. Controlled test searches in both indexes were carried out by 20 students of library science. The results obtained from this small-scale retrieval test were evaluated by a chi-square test. The PRECIS index led to more correct answers and fewer wrong answers than the KWIC index, i.e. it had both better recall and greater precision. Furthermore, the students were more confident in their judgement of the relevance of retrieved articles in the PRECIS index than in the KWIC index; and they generally favoured the PRECIS index in the subjective judgement they were asked to make
- Source
- Journal of librarianship. 14(1982), S.45-58
-
Jacobs, C.; Arsenault, C.: Words can't describe it : streamlining PRECIS just for laughs! (1994)
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- Abstract
- When researchers at the Musée pour Rire, the international museum of humour in Montréal, Quebec, Canada, started to research film and video extracts for incorporation into the museum exhibits, it became obvious that a database with very specific subject access was necessary. A modified version of PRECIS, dubbed PRECIS-MO, was adopted. Discussed the adaptation and implementation
-
Austin, D.: PRECIS: a manual of concept analysis and subject indexing (1984)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: Journal of documentation 40(1984) S.286-289 (K.G.B. Bakewell); Zentralblatt für Bibliothekswesen 101(1987) S. 324-326 (H. Beck)
-
Austin, D.: PRECIS in a multilingual context : Pt.1: PRECIS: an overview (1976)
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- Abstract
- The present paper is offered as the first of a series of articles in which PRECIS will be reviewed as a potential multi-lingual system, having in mind the obvious need, notably in a European context, for standard and language independent methods of subject analysis and document description. This first paper outlines the origins of PRECIS, and considers its use in English language indexing. A second paper will deal in general terms with the syntactical model which is used for producing PRECIS input strings and index entries. Later papers will then review the application of this model to indexing in, firstly, the Germanic languages (e.g. German and Danish), and, secondly, the Romance languages, illustrated by French.
-
Dykstra, M.: PRECIS: a primer (1985)
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- PRECIS
- Documents / Subject indexing / Schemes: PRECIS
- Subject
- Documents / Subject indexing / Schemes: PRECIS
-
Bett, C.E.: ¬The Subject Access Project : a comparison with PRECIS (1979)
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-
Dykstra, M.: Subject indexing and retrieval: what more can technology do? (1987)
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-
Dykstra, M.: PRECIS in the online catalog (1989)
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- Source
- Subject control in online catalogs. Ed.: R.P. Holley
-
Butcher, J.E.; Trotter, R.: Building on PRECIS : strategies for online subject access in the British Library (1989)
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