Search (14 results, page 1 of 1)

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Date

26. 2.2008 19:22:51

Footnote

Rez. in: Assignation. 14(1997) no.2, S.24 (S. Vogel); Journal of librarianship and information science 30(1998) no.1, S.68 (J. Secker)

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Abstract

Information behavior has emerged as an important aspect of human life, however our knowledge and understanding of it is incomplete and underdeveloped scientifically. Research on the topic is largely contemporary in focus and has generally not incorporated results from other disciplines. In this monograph Spink provides a new understanding of information behavior by incorporating related findings, theories and models from social sciences, psychology and cognition. In her presentation, she argues that information behavior is an important instinctive sociocognitive ability that can only be fully understood with a highly interdisciplinary approach. The leitmotivs of her examination are three important research questions: First, what is the evolutionary, biological and developmental nature of information behavior? Second, what is the role of instinct versus environment in shaping information behavior? And, third, how have information behavior capabilities evolved and developed over time? Written for researchers in information science as well as social and cognitive sciences, Spink's controversial text lays the foundation for a new interdisciplinary theoretical perspective on information behavior that will not only provide a more holistic framework for this field but will also impact those sciences, and thus also open up many new research directions.

LCSH

Computer science
Library science

Series

Information science and knowledge management ; 6159

Subject

Computer science
Library science

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Footnote

Rez. in: IWP 60(1009) H.8, S.460 (A. Flicker): "Alexander Schuster, Jahrgang 1979, schloss an sein Diplom im Fach Informations- und Wissensmanagement das Masterstudium Information Science and Engineering in der Studienrichtung Library Science (Hochschule Darmstadt) an. Seine Fächerkombination spiegelt sich im Thema seines Buches wider: Er untersucht die Möglichkeiten, ein Instrument aus dem Wissensmanagement in Bibliotheken einzusetzen. Dabei geht es nicht "nur" um eine Wissensmanagement-Methode, die im operativen Alltagsgeschäft von Bibliotheken angewendet werden soll. Der Autor analysiert vielmehr das komplexe Thema Wissensbilanzierung als strategisches Managementinstrument im Gesamten. Der Leser wird über die Darstellung theoretischer Grundlagen und Terminologie-Definitionen an das Thema herangeführt. Relevante Quellen wurden sorgfältig ausgewertet und unterschiedliche Darstellungen einander gegenübergestellt. Man erfährt, wie die Begriffe Wissen, Intellektuelles Kapital und strategisches Management in der Forschungsliteratur erläutert werden. Zum Begriff Wissensbilanz beschreibt Schuster darüber hinaus die historischen, internationalen Entwicklungsstränge dieses Instruments. Außerdem liefert er Vergleiche mit und Abgrenzungen zu anderen Management-Instrumenten (Wissensmanagement, Qualitätsmanagement und Balanced Scorecard). Komplettiert wird das Kapitel Wissensbilanz durch die Untersuchung unterschiedlicher Ansätze bzw. Modelle, denen der Autor jeweils eine knappe eigene Bewertung angefügt hat.
Damit sind die relevanten Aspekte untersucht, analysiert und komprimiert dargestellt: ein guter theoretischer Unterbau, bevor es dann in die Praxis geht. Die "Praxis" findet sich im nächsten Kapitel in Form einer vergleichenden Analyse real existierender Wissensbilanzen. Die Wissensbilanz jeweils einer Organisation aus den Bereichen Wirtschaft (reinisch AG), Forschung (Austrian Research Centers Seibersdorf) und Bildung (FH Joanneum, Graz) wird vom Autor detailliert beschrieben. Eigene Bewertungen lässt Schuster einfließen, bevor er das Kapitel mit dem Vergleich des Aufbaus der Wissensbilanzen und der Darstellung des Intellektuellen Kapitals abschließt. Rückschlüsse aus dieser Analyse nimmt er mit ins Folgekapitel. Besonders interessant wird es nun im folgenden Kapitel: Schuster entwirft das konkrete Modell einer Wissensbilanz für Bibliotheken. Da eine solche noch nicht existiert, entwickelt er am Beispiel der Fachhochschule Frankfurt am Main und in Anlehnung an das Modell Wissensbilanz - Made in Germany einen Prototyp. Unterstützt wurde er dabei von der dortigen Bibliotheksleitung. Dazu gehört zunächst - und das ist nicht nur methodisch, sondern auch inhaltlich besonders aufschlussreich - die Frage, wie Geschäftserfolg definiert werden kann. Dieses Kapitel wird zu einer Situationsanalyse für Bibliotheken in der heutigen Zeit. Es folgt, dem Wissensbilanz-Modell entsprechend, die Beschreibung von Prozessen und Zielen. Der anschließenden Definition des Intellektuellen Kapitals einer Bibliothek widmet Schuster viel Raum: Er benennt und erläutert zunächst Erfolgsfaktoren des Human-, Struktur- und Beziehungskapitals. Zu jedem Erfolgsfaktor gibt er mehrere Indikatoren an, mit deren Hilfe der Faktor "bewertet" werden kann. Für Bibliotheken, die die Einführung einer Wissensbilanz planen, ist hiermit eine Menge Vorarbeit geleistet, auf die sie in der Praxis zurückgreifen können. Schusters Abschlusskapitel basiert wieder auf einer Auswertung der von ihm analysierten Bilanzen des Intellektuellen Kapitals und bleibt dabei nah an der Praxis: Aus den dokumentierten Erfahrungen leitet der Autor Empfehlungen zur Implementierung von Wissensbilanzen ab. Und zeigt mit dieser Nutzung von "Lessons Learned" einmal mehr, wie wertvoll die Anwendung von Wissensmanagement für das Bibliothekswesen sein kann."

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Content

"The book should be the natural choice as a textbook for the many new undergraduate courses on organization of information offered by schools of library and /or information science"

Series

Library and information science text series

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Abstract

Although much of the hubris and hyperbole surrounding the 1990's Internet has softened to a reasonable level, the inexorable momentum of information growth continues unabated. This wealth of information provides resources for adapting to the problems posed by our increasingly complex world, but the simple availability of more information does not guarantee its successful transformation into valuable knowledge that shapes, guides, and improves our activity. When faced with something like the analysis of sense-making behavior on the web, traditional research models tell us a lot about learning and performance with browser operations, but very little about how people will actively navigate and search through information structures, what information they will choose to consume, and what conceptual models they will induce about the landscape of cyberspace. Thus, it is fortunate that a new field of research, Adaptive Information Interaction (AII), is becoming possible. AII centers on the problems of understanding and improving human-information interaction. It is about how people will best shape themselves to their information environments, and how information environments can best be shaped to people. Its roots lie in human-computer interaction (HCI), information retrieval, and the behavioral and social sciences. This book is about Information Foraging Theory (IFT), a new theory in Adaptive Information Interaction that is one example of a recent flourish of theories in adaptationist psychology that draw upon evolutionary-ecological theory in biology. IFT assumes that people (indeed, all organisms) are ecologically rational, and that human information-seeking mechanisms and strategies adapt the structure of the information environments in which they operate. Its main aim is to create technology that is better shaped to users. Information Foraging Theory will be of interest to student and professional researchers in HCI and cognitive psychology.

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Abstract

What do primordial bacteria, medieval alchemists, and the World Wide Web have to do with each other? This fascinating exploration of how information systems emerge takes readers on a provocative journey through the history of the information age. Today's "information explosion" may seem like an acutely modern phenomenon, but we are not the first generation - nor even the first species - to wrestle with the problem of information overload. Long before the advent of computers, human beings were collecting, storing, and organizing information: from Ice Age taxonomies to Sumerian archives, Greek libraries to Dark Age monasteries. Today, we stand at a precipice, as our old systems struggle to cope with what designer Richard Saul Wurman called a "tsunami of data."With some historical perspective, however, we can begin to understand our predicament not just as the result of technological change, but as the latest chapter in an ancient story that we are only beginning to understand. Spanning disciplines from evolutionary theory and cultural anthropology to the history of books, libraries, and computer science, writer and information architect Alex Wright weaves an intriguing narrative that connects such seemingly far-flung topics as insect colonies, Stone Age jewelry, medieval monasteries, Renaissance encyclopedias, early computer networks, and the World Wide Web. Finally, he pulls these threads together to reach a surprising conclusion, suggesting that the future of the information age may lie deep in our cultural past. To counter the billions of pixels that have been spent on the rise of the seemingly unique World Wide Web, journalist and information architect Wright delivers a fascinating tour of the many ways that humans have collected, organized and shared information for more than 100,000 years to show how the information age started long before microchips or movable type. A self-described generalist who displays an easy familiarity with evolutionary biology and cultural anthropology as well as computer science and technology, Wright explores the many and varied roots of the Web, including how the structure of family relationships from Greek times, among others, has exerted a profound influence on the shape and structure of human information systems. He discusses how the violent history of libraries is the best lesson in how hierarchical systems collapse and give rise to new systems, and how the new technology of the book introduced the notion of random access to information. And he focuses on the work of many now obscure information-gathering pioneers such as John Wilkins and his Universal Categories and Paul Otlet, the Internet's forgotten forefather, who anticipated many of the problems bedeviling the Web today. (Publishers Weekly)

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LCSH

Internet / Science / Handbooks

Subject

Internet / Science / Handbooks

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Date

22. 2.2008 17:36:03

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Date

22. 3.2008 18:05:16

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Classification

323.44/5 22 (GBV;LoC)

DDC

323.44/5 22 (GBV;LoC)

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Date

22. 2.2008 14:05:48

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Footnote

Weitere Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.5, S.758-760 (A. Gruzd): "Despite the minor drawbacks described, the book is a great source for researchers in the IR&S fields in general and in the CIR field in particular. Furthermore, different chapters of this book also might be of interest to members from other communities. For instance, librarians responsible for library instruction might find the chapter on search training by Lucas and Topi helpful in their work. Cognitive psychologists would probably be intrigued by Spink and Cole's view on multitasking. IR interface designers will likely find the chapter on KDV by Hook and Borner very beneficial. And students taking IR-related courses might find the thorough literature reviews by Ruthven and Kelly particularly useful when beginning their own research."

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Date

11. 5.2008 19:49:22

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Content

- Infometrics & Representations Steffen Hennicke, Marlies Olensky, Viktor de Boer, Antoine Isaac, Jan Wielemaker: A data model for cross-domain data representation Stefanie Haustein: Wissenschaftliche Zeitschriften im Web 2.0 " Philipp Leinenkugel, Werner Dees, Marc Rittberger: Abdeckung erziehungswissenschaftlicher Zeitschriften in Google Scholar - Information Retrieval Ari Pirkola: Constructing Topic-specific Search Keyphrase: Suggestion Tools for Web Information Retrieval Philipp Mayr, Peter Mutschke, Vivien Petras, Philipp Schaer, York Sure: Applying Science Models for Search Daniela Becks, Thomas Mandl, Christa Womser-Hacker: Spezielle Anforderungen bei der Evaluierung von Patent-Retrieval-Systemen Andrea Ernst-Gerlach, Dennis Korbar, Ära Awakian: Entwicklung einer Benutzeroberfläche zur interaktiven Regelgenerierung für die Suche in historischen Dokumenten - Multimedia Peter Schultes, Franz Lehner, Harald Kosch: Effects of real, media and presentation time in annotated video Marc Ritter, Maximilian Eibl: Ein erweiterbares Tool zur Annotation von Videos Margret Plank: AV-Portal für wissenschaftliche Filme: Analyse der Nutzerbedarfe Achim Oßwald: Significant properties digitaler Objekte