Search (15 results, page 1 of 1)

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Abstract

There is a research tradition in the information field of focusing on information seeking particularly people's strategies and sources, information retrievalparticularly the abilities of information systems to retrieve `relevant' documents, or other physically countable things such as a citations, co-citation, or acknowledgement. These research traditions seem to have been shaped both by the history of research funding and the objective nature of information sources, retrieved items, and citations. Yet, these research foci get at only a small portion of the role that information plays in people's lives (cf., Chatman (1996) and Savolainen (1995). Alternatively, the idea of information seeking in context offers encouragement to loosen the structures of terminology, research foci, methods, and assumptions about ideal behavior to discover what the role of information in people's lives is. The seemingly simple addition of the notion of in context permits a joining of not only user and system views but adds the potential of grounding both understanding and the products of the information profession in work's tasks, life's problems, and people's strategies for coping. Through such grounded discovery, it seems that there is a better chance of creating supports that fit the tasks and problems that people regularly face. Too, such grounding may suggest a somewhat different view of how information professionals might contribute and on what information systems might focus.

Date

22. 3.2002 9:51:12

Source

Exploring the contexts of information behaviour: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Research in Information Needs, Seeking and Use in Different Contexts, 13-15 August, Sheffield, UK. Ed. by D.K. Wilson u. D.K. Allen

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Abstract

Explores the variety of user behaviour exhibited by users of information retrieval systems over time and the effort of differences between expert and novice searchers on an understanding of information searching dynamics and on the design of information systems. Based on a naturalistic case study. Points out some of the dynamic patterns of behaviour of children's use of online catalogues (OPACs)

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Abstract

Reports on a study at an elementary school in Washington, DC examining pupils' use of an OPAC. Presents this within the overall instructional environment of the school in order to open a window on the broader interaction of children, technology, curriculum, instruction and learning. Explains the methodology used in the study, the findings of the study, and notes a number of conclusions. Focuses in particular on the patterns of success and failure of children's use of the OPAC, their search strategies and the nature of their interaction with the OPAC

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Abstract

Reports some of the key aspects of the 3 year longitudinal study of work planning in a public agency involved in natural resource conservation and focusing on the information seeking bahviour of the participants as they struggle to make sense of the work planning task in a context of a rapidly changing environment

Source

Information seeking in context: Proceedings of an International Conference on Research in Information Needs, Seeking and Use in Different Contexts, 14-16 August 1996, Tampere, Finland. Ed.: P. Vakkari u.a

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Abstract

Tang and Solomon, based upon their review of the history of topical and other than topical criteria in relevance evaluation, decide to look at a two stage model where judgements are first made on surrogate records and then on full document text to determine if a criteria shift takes place and if so in what manner and to what degree. Both a controlled experiment and a naturalistic study were used to study the staging of relevance judgement criteria. In the controlled environment 90 undergraduate Psychology students were instructed to choose papers that would help them meet an assignment from 20 preselected papers on broader topic that included that assigned. They first selected on the basis of citation and abstract, then read the papers, and in each process filled out a questionnaire on the importance of each of 15 criteria at each stage of the two-stage process. In the naturalistic study 9 Ph.D. Psychology students conducted literature searches to support their own research and were asked to think aloud while making their decisions from retrieved surrogates, and later filled out a questionnaire while reading those materials that they selected and then interviewed at the end of the process. Apparently understandability is important at both stages. Importance increased at stage two. Cognitive criteria do not all follow the same pattern across stages. The controlled group thought quality of information was most important in stage one and topicality most important in stage 2. In the naturalistic study topicality was most frequent for stage one and research structure for stage two. A classification of criteria by their functionality is suggested as a better approach. First a division as to whether a criterion is objectively associated with the document as opposed to being subjectively associated with a person's expectations; then a division based on primary (essential) or secondary (for assistance) status.

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Abstract

The second of 3 articles. Focuses on the role of information in the sense making that took place from the point of view of the organization and other social communication aspects of work life

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Abstract

This article reports research that explored children's information retrieval behavior using an OPAC in an elementary school library. The study considers the impact of a variety of factors including user characteristics, the school setting, interface usability, and information access features on children's information retrieval success and breakdown. The study reports the overall patterns of children's behavior that influence success and breakdown in information retrieval as well as findings about the intentions, moves, plans, strategies, and search terms of children in grades one through six

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Abstract

The third of 3 articles. Focuses on how people capture and process meaning from their situation. The analysis identified personal sense making styles that included cognitive, affective, and conative (action instinct) elements. These styles seem to also reflect a person's role in the organization and the work planning task

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Abstract

This study considers the possibility of utilizing the categories employed by researchers within a subject domain as one approach for mapping the knowledge organization of that domain. The idea is tested using a sample of research reports dealing with the information behavior of people (e.g., physician, nurses, and patients) in the health care domain. It was relatively easy to identify category systems within the sample of texts. Consideration of the configuration of category systems employed across the analyzed texts shows a pattern of broad consistency. Many of the research reports employed some version of a diagnosis, treatment, and referral category system related to the information behavior of physicians, though there were many variations on this general category breakout. There were also many uses of alternative category systems (e.g., specialty area, information types, and dilemmas) that suggest the applicability and use of alternative views of the situations being studied. The key challenges for the future appear to be the specification of relations among category systems of different research reports and visualization of the identified rich relationships including the evolution of category systems over time

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Abstract

Develops an analytical framework to support the analysis of conversation in information seeking contexts. It brings together linguistic and sociolinguistic issues which serve as viewpoints for rxploring how information seeking conversations differ from casual conversations and conversations in restricted conversational domains (e.g. teacher-student, and physician-patient). A sample of 9 conversations from 2 information seeking contexts (i.e. school library media centre, and public library) is used to test the utility of the framework and explore possible characteristics of information seeking conversations. The findings support the utility of the framework for various purposes including: training of information specialists, feedback on their performance, design of human computer dialogues, eliciting of decision making processes during information seeking, and support for natural language processing

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Abstract

Investigates the cognitive nature of an end-user's relevance judgements using the concept of mental modes. Identifies situational factors of relevance by noting the judgement criteria used by subjects as they move through the relevance judgement process. Tests the feasibility of the specific research strategy employed in this study that incorporates an intensive case study of the search behaviour of searchers with naturalistic inquiry for which the cognitive development and situational factors of end-user relevance judgements are the centre of the investigation. Introduces a dynamic model or relevance on which the study is built, presents methodology, results and discussion

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Abstract

Reports on a study of children's intentions, purposes, search terms, strategies, successes and breakdowns in accessing fiction. Data was gathered using naturalistic methods of persistent, intensive observation and questioning with children in several school library media centres in the USA, including 997 OPAC transactions. Analyzes the data and highlights aspects of the broader context of the system which may help in development of mechanisms for electronic access

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Abstract

This study used the methods of ethnography of communication to explore the information behavior in sense making of participants in the annual work planning of a unit of a public agency. To capture the dynamic time aspects od the work-planning task, the study continued over 3 annual iterations of this work-planning process. The term sense making is used to convey the participants' characterization of their information behavior. This article explores the sense making that took place from the point of view of time and timing. The analysis revealed broad patterns of repetitive action that structured the work-planning process and limited or focused future action. Data was repeatedly collected eraly in the annual process, requiring subsequent and repeated updating and verification. A computer database of project information focused data collection and progressing on details that were never used and neglected others that required independent data collection, processing, and display. Such findings suggest the role that time plays in capturing meaning from data that has a time value. Understanding of the role of time suggests some possible approaches for improving information management and the design of information systems

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Abstract

This paper builds on numerous suggestions of the need for a theoretical basis for knowledge organization from the point of view of interest, concern, or problem (e.g., domain, ecology, use environment, or language game). This is accomplished by first developing a possible theoretical understanding of why knowledge organization schemes tend toward stability through structuration and autopoiesis. In understanding this tendency, the possibility of promoting (desirable) change is also considered through activity. Second, the paper considers the requirements for the contextualization provided by such mappings. Finally, the case of the Internet is briefly explored. All of this provides a recipe a theory for practice 'stew,' which would highlight the possibility that just as structures (e.g., classification schemes) enable actions (e.g., information retrieval, knowledge transfer), actions enable structures. For this theoretical stew to influence practice, rules and resources-the structures of a knowledge organization scheme or system-must both support self-reflection and needs for consistency and adaptability. The virtuality of the developing electronic information world suggests the possibility of both coexisting through, for instance, mappings or crosswalks

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