Search (193 results, page 1 of 10)

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Date

22. 8.2009 19:50:27

Issue

2. Aufl. - Hergestellt on demand

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Abstract

Die Bedeutung innovativer Lernformen an deutschen Hochschulen nimmt in erheblichem Maße zu. Laut einer Studie des Instituts für Medien- und Kompetenzforschung, an der sich im vergangenen Jahr 52 Hochschul- und E-Learning-Experten aus Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz beteiligt haben, kommen Informations- und Kommunikationstechniken in der Hochschullehre vermehrt zum Einsatz: neben traditionellen Präsenzveranstaltungen spielen Internet-Materialien, virtuelle Seminare, Televorlesungen bis hin zum "Learning on demand" eine immer wichtigere Rolle. Universitäts- und Fachhochschulbibliotheken können diese Entwicklung nutzen, um sich auch auf diesem Gebiet als moderne und dienstleistungsorientierte Serviceeinrichtungen ihrer Hochschulen zu profilieren. Die Vorteile von E-Learning liegen klar auf der Hand und können insbesondere für die Vermittlung von Informationskompetenz sinnvoll genutzt werden.

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Abstract

The "teaching librarian" or "librarian as teacher" is a professional role that has been discussed in the literature of library and information science in recent decades, particularly in relation to bibliographic instruction and information literacy development. This paper reports on a small-scale research project, undertaken in 2002, that investigated the demand for library professionals with knowledge of or skills in instructional techniques and strategies. The project was based on an extensive literature review, plus content analysis of library and information science job advertisements on the international LIBJOBS listserv. The literature review has been updated for this BOBCATSSS paper, as have aspects of the content analysis, in order to provide delegates with more recent information. The idea of a teaching role for librarians is far from new. Michael Lorenzen (2002) has traced academic library-based instruction as far back as the seventeenth century when German academic libraries provided instructional programmes for library users. In academic and school libraries in the nineteenth century it usually took the form of "library orientation" - making sure that students and faculty knew how to find the books and other material for their courses. In the United States, some American university librarians were lecturing to students as early as the 1880s (Lorenzen, 2002). In nineteenth and early twentieth century public libraries, library instruction often took the form of literature promotion or reading promotion activities for children and young people, and even of "lessons" on how to look after books, right down to the need for washing hands before handling books. The introduction of card catalogues and classification systems such as the Dewey Decimal Classification resulted in a need for user education in all kinds of libraries, with sessions based on topics such as "The card catalogue: The key to the library" and "How to find a book on the shelves". The introduction of automated catalogues from the 1960s, and later, databases on CD-ROMs, online information services for end users, and the Internet, have increased the need and demand for formal and informal user education, regardless of the type and size of library. Indeed, there is no doubt that interest in library-based instruction has increased in recent decades: on the basis of an analysis of the literature related to the instructional role of librarians, Edwards (1994) noted that "during the past quarter century, interest and concern for library instruction has grown dramatically", while Marcum said in 2002 that "Over the past decade ... information literacy has emerged as a central purpose for librarians, particularly academic librarians".

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Date

9. 2.2008 17:52:22

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Abstract

This study focuses on the task as a fundamental factor in the context of information seeking. The purpose of the study is to characterize kinds of tasks and to examine how different kinds of task give rise to different kinds of information-seeking behavior on the Web. For this, a model for information-seeking behavior was used employing dimensions of information-seeking strategies (ISS), which are based on several behavioral dimensions. The analysis of strategies was based on data collected through an experiment designed to observe users' behaviors. Three tasks were assigned to 30 graduate students and data were collected using questionnaires, search logs, and interviews. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data identified 14 distinct information-seeking strategies. The analysis showed significant differences in the frequencies and patterns of ISS employed between three tasks. The results of the study are intended to facilitate the development of task-based information-seeking models and to further suggest Web information system designs that support the user's diverse tasks.

Date

22. 3.2009 18:54:15

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Abstract

Das im Folgenden beschriebene Projekt ist ein Angebot des Fachreferats Geschichte der Universitätsbibliothek Rostock für Studierende der Philosophischen Fakultät. Es soll kurz skizziert werden, da dem Verfasser bisher kein vergleichbares Projekt bekannt ist, der Ansatz aber als ausbaufähig und nachnutzbar bewertet wird. Das Projekt wurde entworfen für ein Konzept der von der Universitätsbibliothek unterstützten Vermittlung von Informationskompetenz an ihre Studierenden. Hierbei wird der Service der punktuellen Schulung einzelner Datenbanken "on demand" durch ein Angebot erweitert, das nicht nur einen breiten Überblick über das Spektrum wichtiger elektronischer Angebote im Fach Geschichte bietet, sondern Studierende in besonderer Weise selbst aktiviert und dadurch ein nachhaltiges Problembewusstsein vermittelt. Aus diesem Grunde wurde die Form einer semesterbegleitenden Übung gewählt, in der die Studierenden einen regulären Schein im Modul "Vermittlungskompetenz" beziehungsweise einen "Medienschein" erwerben können. Bei der Überlegung, den Studierenden der Geschichte eine Zusammenstellung relevanter Internetressourcen zur Verfügung zu stellen, wurde ausdrücklich nicht der Ansatz gewählt, den Nutzern eine durch den Fachreferenten erstellte, fertige Sammlung wichtiger Ressourcen einfach "vorzusetzen", sondern die Nutzer bei der Entwicklung dieses Angebots mit ihren spezifischen Anforderungen unmittelbar einzubeziehen. Unterfachlicher und bibliothekarischer Anleitung des Fachreferenten haben die Studierenden historische Ressourcen des Internet selbst erkundet und sich ihre "eigene" Fachinformationsseite Geschichte erstellt. Der Fachreferent hatte dadurch die Möglichkeit, die tatsächlich vorhandene Internetkompetenz der Nutzer unmittelbar zu erkennen und ihre individuellen Anforderungen an eine Fachinformationsseite zu berücksichtigen. Im Vorfeld wurde diskutiert, ob es überhaupt sinnvoll und notwendig sei, die Nutzer mit einem eigenen Angebot in Form einer fachspezifischen Linkliste zu unterstützen: Projekte wie "Vascoda" und Virtuelle Fachbibliotheken bündeln und pflegen digitale und virtuelle Ressourcen eines Faches ja in einer Qualität und Quantität, die einzelne Bibliotheken aus eigener Kraft in der Regel nicht erreichen können. Der Blick auf die Praxis einzelner Bibliotheken zeigt andererseits, dass eigene Angebote für die Nutzer durchaus üblich sind. Bietet die jeweilige Universitätsbibliothek keine eigene Fachinformationsseite, so versuchen häufig die Institute diese Lücke zu füllen, ohne eine kontinuierliche Pflege der Linksammlungen immer gewährleisten zu können. So stellte sich auch die Situation für das Fach Geschichte in Rostock dar, was für Historisches Institut und Universitätsbibliothek Anlass war, über eine nachhaltigere Lösung nachzudenken.

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Abstract

The purpose of this entry is to present and analyze the relationship between learning and information seeking. The analysis draws on research studies on information seeking set in educational contexts and is framed in theories of learning, mainly constructivism. Themes of the entry are based on five dimensions of the relationship between learning and information seeking: 1) seeking information for learning purposes; 2) learning information seeking; 3) teaching information seeking; 4) learning from information; and 5) reshaping conditions for information seeking and learning through information and communications technologies (ICTs). Conclusions are that the fields of learning and information seeking draw nearer to one another partly due to educational ideas based in constructivism and partly due to the development of digital tools that reshape conditions for learning in postmodern society. This development contributes to the transformation of the professional role of librarians, implying an emphasis on the pedagogical aspects of the profession. Future prospects for information seeking research and practice linked to learning may involve strengthened interests in the cognitive authority and expertise of information as well as information sharing through communicative interaction.

Date

27. 8.2011 14:22:22

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Abstract

In this issue we begin with Lamb, King and Kling who are interested in the effect of the industry environment on information gathering practices, particularly those involving information and communication technologies like online searching. They studied use of online services in 26 widely differing California firms operating in law, real estate, or biotechnology over a 17 month period. Data was gathered through semi-structured on-site interviews. Five influences on online usage were identified: interaction with regulatory agencies; demonstration of competence to clients; client expectations for timely, cost effective information; the possibility of shifting information responsibilities outside the organization; and the existence of industry wide infrastructures as information sources. The institutional and technical environment of a firm consistently circumscribes the domain in which choices of online resources are made by its employees. Firms the operate in highly technical and institutional environments have more incentive to gather information than do those in low tech unregulated industries.

Date

5. 7.2006 18:43:22

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Abstract

Purpose - This study provides evidence on the actual information-seeking behaviour of students in a digital scholarly environment, not what they thought they did. It also compares student information-seeking behaviour with that of other academic communities, and, in some cases, for practitioners. Design/methodology/approach - Data were gathered as part of CIBER's ongoing Virtual Scholar programme. In particular log data from two digital journals libraries, Blackwell Synergy and OhioLINK, and one e-book collection (Oxford Scholarship Online) are utilized. Findings - The study showed a distinctive form of information-seeking behaviour associated with students and differences between them and other members of the academic community. For example, students constituted the biggest users in terms of sessions and pages viewed, and they were more likely to undertake longer online sessions. Undergraduates and postgraduates were the most likely users of library links to access scholarly databases, suggesting an important "hot link" role for libraries. Originality/value - Few studies have focused on the actual (rather than perceived) information-seeking behaviour of students. The study fills that gap.

Date

23. 2.2009 17:22:41

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Abstract

To answer this question I need a theoretical discussion of the aspects that have implication on the quality of the reference service, and an empirical study of the service. By combining theories from the field of reference service, service, goods quality and service quality, I propose six factors related to the total quality of the reference service: The library, the servicescape, the librarian, the user and the answer. From these aspects I have in this paper chosen to focus on the librarian's ability to communicate with the user. The empirical study consists of an analysis of 20 dialogs conversations between user and librarian. The analysis has its theoretical and conceptual roots in Conversation Analysis or CA.

Date

22. 7.2009 10:54:45

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Abstract

The emergence of research on various aspects of 'information behaviour' is explored and its growth as a subject of academic research is documented. The origin of the field as a potential aid to the development of library and information services is noted, as is the transition from this status to that of a subject for research at PhD level and beyond. The development of the field has thus led to a division between the needs of academia for theoretically grounded work, and the needs of the field of practice for guidance for service development. There is, today, a disconnection between research and practice, to a significant extent: early research was undertaken by practitioners but today academic research dominates the scene. Suggestions are made as to how this disconnection can be repaired.

Date

8. 7.2010 19:09:22

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Abstract

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the literature on the information behavior of practicing visual artists to determine if a consistent model emerges and what further research is necessary. Design/methodology/approach - Works dealing with the information needs and uses relevant to the creative activities of visual artists are discussed in the paper. These works are assessed for their contributions toward understanding of the specific information behaviors of practicing artists. Findings - The results show that a consistent model of artists' information behavior emerges. However, nearly all of the literature focuses on art students, academic art faculty, or librarians, and so any claim that practicing artists fit the model is largely unsupported by research. There have been no published studies of communities of practicing visual artists. The implications of defining artists as communities of practice are discussed. Research limitations/implications - Research is proposed that studies the information behavior of communities of practicing visual artists in order to confirm or amend the existing model. Practical implications - Practitioners will have their attention drawn to an underserved user population whose information needs and behaviors have not been directly targeted for research. They will recognize the need for study of their own artist communities and the development of services for them. Originality/value - This paper directs the discussion of artists' information behavior away from the art-library-specific literature, where it has largely resided, as a means of adjusting the focus of research onto the largely unstudied and underserved communities of practicing artists.

Date

7. 6.2008 12:22:23

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Abstract

The role of a modern librarian has become more and more demanding in the information age. One of the new challenges for the information specialists is what's usually called "the teaching librarian", meaning that the librarian or information specialist should be able to teach at least basic practical searching skills to the patrons in need for relevant information. Query Performance Analyser (QPA) is a tool for analysing and comparing the performance of individual queries. It has been developed in the department of information studies at the University of Tampere. It can be used in user training to demonstrate the characteristics of IR systems and different searching strategies. Usually users can't get any feedback about the effectiveness of their queries and therefore may have difficulties to perceive the actual fectiveness of a query formulated, or the effect changes between queries. QPA provides a instant visual feedback about the performance of a given query and gives the user a possibility to compare the effectiveness of multiple queries and the performance of different query formulation strategies. QPA is based on predefined search topics. They all contain a corpus of documents that are relevant to the given topic. The purpose of this paper is to give a brief insight to the infrastructure of QPA, the basic :Functionality of the QPA-based game, and to its implementation in IR education.

Date

22. 7.2009 11:03:43

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Date

20. 4.2002 17:30:22

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Classification

327.12 22

Content

Intelligence work and the information professions / Robert S. Taylor -- Spies of the airwaves / Norman Horrocks -- Intelligence work and information science : two men in a boat / David Batty -- The intelligence game : seeing is believing? / Robert Lee Chartrand -- Applications of information science to U.S. naval intelligence and narcotics intelligence, 1974-1992 / Emil Levine -- A life in the information trade / Charles T. Meadow -- Information management in MI5 before the age of the computer / Alistair Black and Rodney Brunt -- Some aspects of indexing in British intelligence, 1939-1945 / Rodney Brunt -- Intelligence agencies, librarians, and information scientists / Colin Burke -- Historical note on information science in wartime : pioneer documentation activities in World War II / Pamela Spence Richards -- Technology for open source government information and business intelligence / George L. Marling -- Knowledge transfer : information science shapes intelligencein the cold war era / Lee S. Strickland -- The information science and intelligence literature : an overview / Robert V. Williams -- Defining what information science is or should be : a survey and review of a half-century of published pronouncements / Ben-Ami Lipetz -- Wanted : a definition of "intelligence" / Michael Warner -- Evidence and inference in foreign intelligence / Maurice H. Hellner -- The zoo and the jungle : a comparison of the information practices of intelligence analysts and of scientists / Harold Wooster.

DDC

327.12 22

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.2, S.303-305 (L. Hayden): "Part history and part call to action, Covert and Overt examines the relationship between the disciplines of intelligence service and information science. The book is significant in that it captures both the rich history of partnership between the fields, and because it demonstrates clearly the incomplete nature of our understanding of that partnership. In the post-9/11 world, such understanding is increasingly important, as we struggle with the problem of transforming information into intelligence and intelligence into effective policy. Information science has an important role to play in meeting these challenges, but the sometimesambiguous nature of the field combined with similar uncertainties over what constitutes intelligence, makes any attempt at definitive answers problematic. The book is a collection of works from different contributors, in the words of one editor "not so much a created work as an aggregation" (p. 1). More than just an edited collection of papers, the book draws from the personal experiences of several prominent information scientists who also served as intelligence professionals from World War II onward. The result is a book that feels very personal and at times impassioned. The contributors attempt to shed light on an often-closed community of practice, a discipline that depends simultaneously on access to information and on secrecy. Intelligence, like information science, is also a discipline that finds itself increasingly attracted to and dependent upon technology, and an underlying question of the book is where and how technology benefits intelligence (as opposed to only masking more fundamental problems of process and analysis and providing little or no actual value).
The role of technology in both intelligence and information science is just one question explored in Covert and Overt, which takes on more fundamental issues as well. Even the ubiquitous "What is information?" debate is revisited. But the questions asked are always subordinate to the overarching theme of bringing concepts and techniques of intelligence and information science together and examining the results. The process and lifecycle of intelligence is explored and mapped to information science methods, primarily indexing and information retrieval. In more historical explorations undertaken by contributors, it becomes apparent that intelligence and information science have always been closely aligned, but that this alignment is not always perceived by those engaged in intelligence work. Interestingly, and probably not surprisingly, a general consensus seems to be that library and information science practitioners involved in intelligence were (and are) more capable of seeing the complementary nature of the techniques information science brings to intelligence services than many intelligence professionals, who often needed demonstrations of efficacy to be convinced. Structurally, the book is divided into four parts, moving from anecdotal accounts through to discussions of definition and theory. Part 1, "Information Science and Intelligence: Reminiscences and Reflections from World War II to Today" is comprised of the personal stories of information scientists who also served as intelligence professionals at various times during and since World War II, collected from special panel presentations at the 2001 and 2002 American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T) annual conferences. These contributors include former American and British servicemen and intelligence officers who all relate a common experience of dealing with information, documents, and other records in the pursuit of intelligence goals.
This book is a successful and realistic examination of the current state of inquiry into the relationship between intelligence and information science, and does not flinch from the limits of this inquiry to date. The book can be viewed as a deliberate attempt to stimulate further interest in these studies, and serves as an excellent roadmap for future researchers (like this reviewer) who also have moved from intelligence service into information science. Many of the stories and studies in the book could easily provide fresh and vital avenues of research to new and veteran scholars. If there are limitations to the impact of the book, most must be viewed in the context of the lack of literature from which to draw. Contributions come from a variety of sources and although some new studies are included, for the most part, the chapters are not original to this publication. This results at times in a sense of the editors taking what they could get on the topic. The reader must determine whether this is viewed as a flaw or as reinforcement of the editors' conclusion that more research into the subject matter is important and necessary. It becomes a question of whether or not one wishes to answer the call. One interesting limitation, however, is the lack of a critical stance on the part of most of the contributors. The chapters tend to describe the relationship between intelligence and information science, but few question the nature of that relationship, the social construction of the two disciplines, or moral and ethical concerns associated with spying and information operations. In general, a reader is left with the impression that intelligence service is a good thing, and that information science as a discipline can both improve it as well as learn from it. Little insight is offered into the value and direction of intelligence in the 21 st century, or the impact that our technologies may have. One exception comes from Colin Burke who, in his chapter, "Intelligence Agencies, Librarians, and Information Scientists," touches on some of these issues with his claim that library and information science practitioners must "help bring the information advances from the intelligence communities to an industry that can be committed to distributing information at the lowest cost to the most people" (p. 112). Nevertheless, no serious questions regarding issues of control, power, or resistance are raised. Given recent debates over surveillance, privacy, and the erosion of civil liberties in the wake of 9-11, it would seem that this is an area of intelligence and information studies that also deserves attention. Covert and Overt is an excellent historical overview of the close relationship between intelligence and information science. The book is also intriguing and timely in its argument for further research and study into these areas. Despite the limitations of subject matter and the challenges that come with the disciplines that it explores, it is required reading for practitioners in either world who wish to gain a greater understanding of the operations of the other."

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Date

22. 1.2000 17:52:11

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Date

25. 3.2003 13:22:23

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Date

22. 1.2000 19:29:08

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Date

21. 2.2003 14:18:22