Search (4 results, page 1 of 1)

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Abstract

The rapid growth of the numbers of images and their users as a result of the reduction in cost and increase in efficiency of the creation, storage, manipulation, and transmission of images poses challenges to those who organize and provide access to images. One of these challenges is similarity matching, a key component of current content-based image retrieval systems. Similarity matching often is implemented through similarity measures based on geometric models of similarity whose metric axioms are not satisfied by human similarity judgment data. This study is significant in that it is among the first known to test Tversky's contrast model, which equates the degree of similarity of two stimuli to a linear combination of their common and distinctive features, in the context of image representation and retrieval. Data were collected from 150 participants who performed an image description and a similarity judgment task. Structural equation modeling, correlation, and regression analyses confirmed the relationships between perceived features and similarity of objects hypothesized by Tversky. The results hold implications for future research that will attempt to further test the contrast model and assist designers of image organization and retrieval systems by pointing toward alternative document representations and similarity measures that more closely match human similarity judgments.

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Abstract

This paper reports on a research project that compared two different approaches for the indexing of ordinary images representing common objects: traditional indexing with controlled vocabulary and free indexing with uncontrolled vocabulary. We also compared image retrieval within two contexts: a monolingual context where the language of the query is the same as the indexing language and, secondly, a multilingual context where the language of the query is different from the indexing language. As a means of comparison in evaluating the performance of each indexing form, a simulation of the retrieval process involving 30 images was performed with 60 participants. A questionnaire was also submitted to participants in order to gather information with regard to the retrieval process and performance. The results of the retrieval simulation confirm that the retrieval is more effective and more satisfactory for the searcher when the images are indexed with the approach combining the controlled and uncontrolled vocabularies. The results also indicate that the indexing approach with controlled vocabulary is more efficient (queries needed to retrieve an image) than the uncontrolled vocabulary indexing approach. However, no significant differences in terms of temporal efficiency (time required to retrieve an image) was observed. Finally, the comparison of the two linguistic contexts reveal that the retrieval is more effective and more efficient (queries needed to retrieve an image) in the monolingual context rather than the multilingual context. Furthermore, image searchers are more satisfied when the retrieval is done in a monolingual context rather than a multilingual context.

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Content

"Als Colin Powell im Februar 2003 im Gebäude der Vereinten Nationen in New York saß und die Weltöffentlichkeit von der Notwendigkeit eines Krieges überzeugen wollte, hing hinter ihm ein Wandteppich mit den Motiven von Picassos "Guernica". Allerdings konnte ihn niemand sehen; er wurde verhängt, denn natürlich hätten die berühmten Szenen ausgesprochen kontraproduktiv gewirkt. Die große Weltmacht hatte Angst vor einem Bild, und diese Angst führt mitten hinein in die Gemengelage um aktuelle Bilderkämpfe und hin zu Fragen, wie in diesem "Iconoclash", diesem Krieg der Bilder, die friedensstiftende Vernunft gestärkt werden kann. Nichts anderes war der Versuch des Berliner Kunsthistorikers Horst Bredekamp 2007 bei den Adorno-Vorlesungen, die nun als Buch herausgekommen sind. Bredekamp will aufklären - und er möchte Horkheimers und Adornos "Dialektik der Aufklärung", die noch nichts von einem "Iconic turn" wissen konnte, fortschreiben. Zu diesem Zweck nimmt er eine "lebendige Eigenkraft des Bildes" an. Dieses ist körperlich zu spüren. Es blickt den Betrachter nicht nur an, vielmehr entfaltet es, wie der amerikanische Bildtheoretiker W.J.T. Mitchell es formulierte, einen "Medusa-Effekt": Es möchte aus dem Betrachter wiederum ein Bild für den eigenen Blick machen. Diese Fähigkeit des Bildes hat in der Geschichte häufig zu ikonoklastischen Aktionen geführt. Die Taliban etwa wehrten sich militant gegen die Bildkraft und zerstörten Buddha-Statuen. Aber auch das Gegenteil, die Idolatrie, ist ein heimtückischer Gegner. Bilder werden Bredekamp zufolge zu "Primärwaffen", wenn Terrorkrieger Soldaten der Gegenseite exekutieren, nur um Videos von dieser Tat zu drehen und auf westlichen Bildschirmen Furcht und Schrecken verbreiten zu können.

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Date

6. 1.2011 11:22:12