-
Cole, C.: Shannon revisited : information in terms of uncertainty (1993)
0.01
0.010827783 = product of:
0.08662226 = sum of:
0.05777369 = weight(_text_:author in 4069) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.05777369 = score(doc=4069,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15482868 = queryWeight, product of:
4.824759 = idf(docFreq=964, maxDocs=44218)
0.032090448 = queryNorm
0.3731459 = fieldWeight in 4069, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.824759 = idf(docFreq=964, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4069)
0.028848568 = weight(_text_:american in 4069) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.028848568 = score(doc=4069,freq=2.0), product of:
0.10940785 = queryWeight, product of:
3.4093587 = idf(docFreq=3973, maxDocs=44218)
0.032090448 = queryNorm
0.26367915 = fieldWeight in 4069, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.4093587 = idf(docFreq=3973, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4069)
0.125 = coord(2/16)
- Abstract
- Shannon's theory of communication is discussed from the point of view of his concept of uncertainty. It is suggested that there are two information concepts in Shannon, two different uncertainties, and at least two different entropy concepts. Information science focuses on the uncertainty associated with the transmission of the signal rather than the uncertainty associated with the selection of a message from a set of possible messages. The author believes the latter information concept, which is from the sender's point of view, has more to say to information science about what information is than the former, which is from the receiver's point of view and is mainly concerned with 'noise' reduction
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 44(1993) no.4, S.204-211
-
Cole, C.: Activity of understanding a problem during interaction with an 'enabling' information retrieval system : modeling information flow (1999)
0.00
0.0047213477 = product of:
0.03777078 = sum of:
0.024727343 = weight(_text_:american in 3675) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.024727343 = score(doc=3675,freq=2.0), product of:
0.10940785 = queryWeight, product of:
3.4093587 = idf(docFreq=3973, maxDocs=44218)
0.032090448 = queryNorm
0.22601068 = fieldWeight in 3675, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.4093587 = idf(docFreq=3973, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3675)
0.013043438 = product of:
0.026086876 = sum of:
0.026086876 = weight(_text_:22 in 3675) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.026086876 = score(doc=3675,freq=2.0), product of:
0.11237528 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.032090448 = queryNorm
0.23214069 = fieldWeight in 3675, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3675)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.125 = coord(2/16)
- Date
- 22. 5.1999 14:51:49
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 50(1999) no.6, S.544-552
-
Cole, C.; Behesthi, J.; Large, A.; Lamoureux, I.; Abuhimed, D.; AlGhamdi, M.: Seeking information for a middle school history project : the concept of implicit knowledge in the students' transition from Kuhlthau's Stage 3 to Stage 4 (2013)
0.00
0.0039344565 = product of:
0.031475652 = sum of:
0.02060612 = weight(_text_:american in 667) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.02060612 = score(doc=667,freq=2.0), product of:
0.10940785 = queryWeight, product of:
3.4093587 = idf(docFreq=3973, maxDocs=44218)
0.032090448 = queryNorm
0.18834224 = fieldWeight in 667, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.4093587 = idf(docFreq=3973, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=667)
0.010869532 = product of:
0.021739064 = sum of:
0.021739064 = weight(_text_:22 in 667) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.021739064 = score(doc=667,freq=2.0), product of:
0.11237528 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.032090448 = queryNorm
0.19345059 = fieldWeight in 667, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=667)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.125 = coord(2/16)
- Date
- 22. 3.2013 19:41:17
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 64(2013) no.3, S.558-573
-
Spink, A.; Cole, C.: ¬A human information behavior approach to a philosophy of information (2004)
0.00
0.001934564 = product of:
0.030953024 = sum of:
0.030953024 = weight(_text_:26 in 837) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.030953024 = score(doc=837,freq=2.0), product of:
0.113328174 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5315237 = idf(docFreq=3516, maxDocs=44218)
0.032090448 = queryNorm
0.27312735 = fieldWeight in 837, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5315237 = idf(docFreq=3516, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=837)
0.0625 = coord(1/16)
- Date
- 11. 2.2007 19:26:40
-
Cole, C.: Operationalizing the notion of information as a subjective construct (1994)
0.00
0.0018030355 = product of:
0.028848568 = sum of:
0.028848568 = weight(_text_:american in 7747) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.028848568 = score(doc=7747,freq=2.0), product of:
0.10940785 = queryWeight, product of:
3.4093587 = idf(docFreq=3973, maxDocs=44218)
0.032090448 = queryNorm
0.26367915 = fieldWeight in 7747, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.4093587 = idf(docFreq=3973, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=7747)
0.0625 = coord(1/16)
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 45(1994) no.7, S.465-476
-
Tao, H.; Cole, C.: Wade-Giles or Hanyu Pinyin : practical issues in the transliteration of Chinese titles and proper names (1990)
0.00
0.0018030355 = product of:
0.028848568 = sum of:
0.028848568 = weight(_text_:american in 3575) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.028848568 = score(doc=3575,freq=2.0), product of:
0.10940785 = queryWeight, product of:
3.4093587 = idf(docFreq=3973, maxDocs=44218)
0.032090448 = queryNorm
0.26367915 = fieldWeight in 3575, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.4093587 = idf(docFreq=3973, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3575)
0.0625 = coord(1/16)
- Abstract
- This article briefly examines an issue currently facing cataloguers: how to transliterate Chinese proper names and titles into romanized letters. The two major transliteration systems are Wade-Giles, still used by many libraries in the West, and Hanyu Pinyin, which is not only used in the People's Republic of China's elementary schools as a pronunciation aid, but has recently been adopted by our own western media and certain departments of the American government. The authors advocate the complete abandonment of Wade-Giles in favor of Hanyu Pinyin.
-
Large, A.; Beheshti, J.; Cole, C.: Information architecture for the Web : the IA matrix approach to designing children's portals (2002)
0.00
0.0018030355 = product of:
0.028848568 = sum of:
0.028848568 = weight(_text_:american in 1010) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.028848568 = score(doc=1010,freq=2.0), product of:
0.10940785 = queryWeight, product of:
3.4093587 = idf(docFreq=3973, maxDocs=44218)
0.032090448 = queryNorm
0.26367915 = fieldWeight in 1010, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.4093587 = idf(docFreq=3973, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1010)
0.0625 = coord(1/16)
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 53(2002) no.10, S.831.838
-
Beheshti, J.; Cole, C.; Abuhimed, D.; Lamoureux, I.: Tracking middle school students' information behavior via Kuhlthau's ISP Model : temporality (2015)
0.00
0.0013818314 = product of:
0.022109302 = sum of:
0.022109302 = weight(_text_:26 in 1819) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.022109302 = score(doc=1819,freq=2.0), product of:
0.113328174 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5315237 = idf(docFreq=3516, maxDocs=44218)
0.032090448 = queryNorm
0.19509095 = fieldWeight in 1819, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5315237 = idf(docFreq=3516, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1819)
0.0625 = coord(1/16)
- Date
- 26. 4.2015 19:49:29
-
Cole, C.: Interaction with an enabling information retrieval system : modeling the user's decoding and encoding operations (2000)
0.00
0.0012878824 = product of:
0.02060612 = sum of:
0.02060612 = weight(_text_:american in 4585) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.02060612 = score(doc=4585,freq=2.0), product of:
0.10940785 = queryWeight, product of:
3.4093587 = idf(docFreq=3973, maxDocs=44218)
0.032090448 = queryNorm
0.18834224 = fieldWeight in 4585, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.4093587 = idf(docFreq=3973, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=4585)
0.0625 = coord(1/16)
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 51(2000) no.5, S.417-426
-
Cole, C.: Name collection by Ph.D. history students : inducing expertise (2000)
0.00
0.0012878824 = product of:
0.02060612 = sum of:
0.02060612 = weight(_text_:american in 4588) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.02060612 = score(doc=4588,freq=2.0), product of:
0.10940785 = queryWeight, product of:
3.4093587 = idf(docFreq=3973, maxDocs=44218)
0.032090448 = queryNorm
0.18834224 = fieldWeight in 4588, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.4093587 = idf(docFreq=3973, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=4588)
0.0625 = coord(1/16)
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 51(2000) no.5, S.444-455
-
Cole, C.; Mandelblatt, B.: Using Kintsch's discourse comprehension theory to model the user's coding of an informative message from an enabling information retrieval system (2000)
0.00
0.0012878824 = product of:
0.02060612 = sum of:
0.02060612 = weight(_text_:american in 5161) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.02060612 = score(doc=5161,freq=2.0), product of:
0.10940785 = queryWeight, product of:
3.4093587 = idf(docFreq=3973, maxDocs=44218)
0.032090448 = queryNorm
0.18834224 = fieldWeight in 5161, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.4093587 = idf(docFreq=3973, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=5161)
0.0625 = coord(1/16)
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 51(2000) no.11, S.1033-1046
-
Cole, C.; Leide, J.E.: Using the user's mental model to guide the integration of information space into information need (2003)
0.00
0.0012878824 = product of:
0.02060612 = sum of:
0.02060612 = weight(_text_:american in 1237) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.02060612 = score(doc=1237,freq=2.0), product of:
0.10940785 = queryWeight, product of:
3.4093587 = idf(docFreq=3973, maxDocs=44218)
0.032090448 = queryNorm
0.18834224 = fieldWeight in 1237, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.4093587 = idf(docFreq=3973, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1237)
0.0625 = coord(1/16)
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 54(2003) no.1, S.39-46
-
Cole, C.; Leide, J.E.; Large, A,; Beheshti, J.; Brooks, M.: Putting it together online : information need identification for the domain novice user (2005)
0.00
0.0012878824 = product of:
0.02060612 = sum of:
0.02060612 = weight(_text_:american in 3469) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.02060612 = score(doc=3469,freq=2.0), product of:
0.10940785 = queryWeight, product of:
3.4093587 = idf(docFreq=3973, maxDocs=44218)
0.032090448 = queryNorm
0.18834224 = fieldWeight in 3469, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.4093587 = idf(docFreq=3973, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3469)
0.0625 = coord(1/16)
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 56(2005) no.7, S.684-694
-
Cole, C.; Leide, J.; Beheshti, J.; Large, A.; Brooks, M.: Investigating the Anomalous States of Knowledge hypothesis in a real-life problem situation : a study of history and psychology undergraduates seeking information for a course essay (2005)
0.00
0.0012878824 = product of:
0.02060612 = sum of:
0.02060612 = weight(_text_:american in 4814) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.02060612 = score(doc=4814,freq=2.0), product of:
0.10940785 = queryWeight, product of:
3.4093587 = idf(docFreq=3973, maxDocs=44218)
0.032090448 = queryNorm
0.18834224 = fieldWeight in 4814, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.4093587 = idf(docFreq=3973, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=4814)
0.0625 = coord(1/16)
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 56(2005) no.14, S.1544-1554
-
Spink, A.; Cole, C.: Human information behavior : integrating diverse approaches and information use (2006)
0.00
0.0012878824 = product of:
0.02060612 = sum of:
0.02060612 = weight(_text_:american in 4915) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.02060612 = score(doc=4915,freq=2.0), product of:
0.10940785 = queryWeight, product of:
3.4093587 = idf(docFreq=3973, maxDocs=44218)
0.032090448 = queryNorm
0.18834224 = fieldWeight in 4915, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.4093587 = idf(docFreq=3973, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=4915)
0.0625 = coord(1/16)
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 57(2006) no.1, S.25-35
-
Yi, K.; Beheshti, J.; Cole, C.; Leide, J.E.; Large, A.: User search behavior of domain-specific information retrieval systems : an analysis of the query logs from PsycINFO and ABC-Clio's Historical Abstracts/America: History and Life (2006)
0.00
0.0012878824 = product of:
0.02060612 = sum of:
0.02060612 = weight(_text_:american in 197) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.02060612 = score(doc=197,freq=2.0), product of:
0.10940785 = queryWeight, product of:
3.4093587 = idf(docFreq=3973, maxDocs=44218)
0.032090448 = queryNorm
0.18834224 = fieldWeight in 197, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.4093587 = idf(docFreq=3973, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=197)
0.0625 = coord(1/16)
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 57(2006) no.9, S.1208-1220
-
Leide, J.E.; Cole, C.; Beheshti, J.; Large, A.; Lin, Y.: Task-based information retrieval : structuring undergraduate history essays for better course evaluation using essay-type visualizations (2007)
0.00
0.0012878824 = product of:
0.02060612 = sum of:
0.02060612 = weight(_text_:american in 460) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.02060612 = score(doc=460,freq=2.0), product of:
0.10940785 = queryWeight, product of:
3.4093587 = idf(docFreq=3973, maxDocs=44218)
0.032090448 = queryNorm
0.18834224 = fieldWeight in 460, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.4093587 = idf(docFreq=3973, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=460)
0.0625 = coord(1/16)
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 58(2007) no.9, S.1227-1241
-
Cole, C.: ¬A theory of information need for information retrieval that connects information to knowledge (2011)
0.00
0.0012878824 = product of:
0.02060612 = sum of:
0.02060612 = weight(_text_:american in 4474) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.02060612 = score(doc=4474,freq=2.0), product of:
0.10940785 = queryWeight, product of:
3.4093587 = idf(docFreq=3973, maxDocs=44218)
0.032090448 = queryNorm
0.18834224 = fieldWeight in 4474, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.4093587 = idf(docFreq=3973, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=4474)
0.0625 = coord(1/16)
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 62(2011) no.7, S.1216-1231
-
Spink, A.; Cole, C.: Introduction (2004)
0.00
0.001030306 = product of:
0.016484896 = sum of:
0.016484896 = weight(_text_:american in 2389) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.016484896 = score(doc=2389,freq=2.0), product of:
0.10940785 = queryWeight, product of:
3.4093587 = idf(docFreq=3973, maxDocs=44218)
0.032090448 = queryNorm
0.15067379 = fieldWeight in 2389, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.4093587 = idf(docFreq=3973, maxDocs=44218)
0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=2389)
0.0625 = coord(1/16)
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 55(2004) no.9, S.767-768
-
Cole, C.; Lin, Y.; Leide, J.; Large, A.; Beheshti, J.: ¬A classification of mental models of undergraduates seeking information for a course essay in history and psychology : preliminary investigations into aligning their mental models with online thesauri (2007)
0.00
0.001030306 = product of:
0.016484896 = sum of:
0.016484896 = weight(_text_:american in 625) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.016484896 = score(doc=625,freq=2.0), product of:
0.10940785 = queryWeight, product of:
3.4093587 = idf(docFreq=3973, maxDocs=44218)
0.032090448 = queryNorm
0.15067379 = fieldWeight in 625, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.4093587 = idf(docFreq=3973, maxDocs=44218)
0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=625)
0.0625 = coord(1/16)
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 58(2007) no.13, S.2092-2104
