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  • × theme_ss:"Benutzerstudien"
  • × year_i:[1990 TO 2000}
  1. Belkin, N.J.: ¬An overview of results from Rutgers' investigations of interactive information retrieval (1998) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    Over the last 4 years, the Information Interaction Laboratory at Rutgers' School of communication, Information and Library Studies has performed a series of investigations concerned with various aspects of people's interactions with advanced information retrieval (IR) systems. We have benn especially concerned with understanding not just what people do, and why, and with what effect, but also with what they would like to do, and how they attempt to accomplish it, and with what difficulties. These investigations have led to some quite interesting conclusions about the nature and structure of people's interactions with information, about support for cooperative human-computer interaction in query reformulation, and about the value of visualization of search results for supporting various forms of interaction with information. In this discussion, I give an overview of the research program and its projects, present representative results from the projects, and discuss some implications of these results for support of subject searching in information retrieval systems
    Date
    22. 9.1997 19:16:05
    Imprint
    Urbana-Champaign, IL : Illinois University at Urbana-Champaign, Graduate School of Library and Information Science
    Source
    Visualizing subject access for 21st century information resources: Papers presented at the 1997 Clinic on Library Applications of Data Processing, 2-4 Mar 1997, Graduate School of Library and Information Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Ed.: P.A. Cochrane et al
  2. Hochheiser, H.; Shneiderman, B.: Understanding patterns of user visits to Web sites : Interactive Starfield visualizations of WWW log data (1999) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    HTTP server log files provide Web site operators with substantial detail regarding the visitors to their sites. Interest in interpreting this data has spawned an active market for software packages that summarize and analyze this data, providing histograms, pie graphs, and other charts summarizing usage patterns. While useful, these summaries obscure useful information and restrict users to passive interpretation of static displays. Interactive starfield visualizations can be used to provide users with greater abilities to interpret and explore web log data. By combining two-dimensional displays of thousands of individual access requests, color and size coding for additional attributes, and facilities for zooming and filtering, these visualizations provide capabilities for examining data that exceed those of traditional web log analysis tools. We introduce a series of interactive starfield visualizations, which can be used to explore server data across various dimensions. Possible uses of these visualizations are discussed, and difficulties of data collection, presentation, and interpretation are explored
    Series
    Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science; vol.36
    Source
    Knowledge: creation, organization and use. Proceedings of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the American Society for Information Science, 31.10.-4.11.1999. Ed.: L. Woods
  3. Hastings, S.K.: Evaluation of image retrieval systems : role of user feedback (1999) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    Intellectual access to a growing number of networked image repositories is but a small part of the much larger problem of intellectual access to new information formats. As more and more information becomes available in digital formats, it is imperative that we understand how people retrieve and use images. Several studies have investigated how users search for images, but there are few evaluation studies of image retrieval systems. Preliminary findings from research in progress indicate a need for improved browsing tools, image manipulation software, feedback mechanisms, and query analysis. Comparisons are made to previous research results from a study of intellectual access to digital art images. This discussion will focus on the problems of image retrieval identified in current research projects, report on an evaluation project in process, and propose a framework for evaluation studies of image retrieval systems that emphasizes the role of user feedback.
  4. Crawford, J.C.; Thorn, L.C.; Powles, J.A.: ¬A survey of subject access to academic library catalogues in Great Britain : a report to the British Library Research and Development Department (1992) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    The study of subject access to UK academic library catalogues was based on a questionnaires end out during Summer 1991. 86 out of a possible 110 questionnaires were returned. All universities and polytechniques now have OPACs which are progressing well towards comprehensive bibliographical coverage of their libraries' stocks. The MARC format is now widely used. Subject access strategies are usually based on either Library of Congress Subject Headings or inhouse indexing systems but almost half the OPACs studies have no separate subject searching option based on subject indexing is expensive and future subject indexing strategies are best based on pre-existing controlled vocabularies. Strategies authority control is essential. A limited range of software strategies is recommended including the need to limit search results
  5. Yerbury, H.; Parker, J.: Novice searchers' use of familiar structures in searching bibliographic information retrieval systems (1998) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    Reports results of a study of the use of metaphors as problem solving mechanisms by novice searchers of bibliographic databases. Metaphors provide a framework or 'familiar structure' of credible associations within which relationships in other domains may be considered. 28 students taking an undergraduate course in information retrieval at Sydney University of Technology, were recorded as they 'talked through' a search on a bibliographic retrieval system. The transcripts were analyzed using conventional methods and the NUDIST software package for qualitative research. A range of metaphors was apparent from the language use by students in the search process. Those which predominated were: a journey; human interaction; a building or matching process; a problem solving process, and a search for a quantity. Many of the studentes experiencing the interaction as a problem solving process or a search for quantity perceived the outcomes as successful. Concludes that when memory for operating methods and procedures is incomplete an unconscious approach through the use of a conceptual system which is consonant with the task at hand may also lead to success in bibliographic searching
    Source
    Journal of information science. 24(1998) no.4, S.207-214
  6. Berger, F.C.; Hofstede, A.H.M. ter; Van der Weide, T.P.: Supporting query by navigation (1996) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    Describes the technique used to study hypertext systems from a very general point of view, focus on monitoring searchers' behaviour, predict the estimation of the ultimate goals of the searchers, and estimate the searchers' determination to find these goals. The components are combined via a Markov chain approach so as to study information retrieval in general and hypertext (hypermedia) in particular. Demonstrates how these estimations can be used to assist searchers during their searching process and presents the derivation of a relevance function for documents, based on these estimations
    Source
    Information retrieval: new systems and current research. Proceedings of the 16th Research Colloquium of the British Computer Society Information Retrieval Specialist Group, Drymen, Scotland, 22-23 Mar 94. Ed.: R. Leon
  7. Sapa, R.: Zachowania informacy jne uzytkownika OPAC w Bibliotece Jagiellonskiej (1997) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Discusses the necessity of providing new methods of research into user information retrieval behaviour. Notes that the user using the catalogue via the Internet and communicating exclusively with the computer system, disappears from the librarian's direct view. Implementing adequate software facilities in some sense broadens research prospects and improves its quality. Describes research carried out at the Jagiellonian Library, Poland, into the extent of use of OPAC retrieval facilities, throught the application of software that records all information retrieval commands
  8. Lim, A.: User perception of help features in library automation systems (1996) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Describes the creation and results of a questionnaire survey of cataloguers in 6 Singapore academic and national libraries and of their vendor helpdesk staff to evaluate the help systems of library automation systems, with particular emphasis on the cataloguing function. Describes the structure of the questionnaire; the methodology used to analyse the data; the profile of the respondents and the systems used by them; and the implications of the statistical results. Functionalities for the following help features were surveyed: getting in and out of the help systems; selecting a relevant topic; formulating queries; searching of information; completeness and comprehensiveness of the help system; navigation to other topics; applying information to solve problems; and data entry and authority control in cataloguing tasks. Data analysis identified 27 preferred features which could be taken into account in the product development of online help systems
  9. Byström, K.: Information seekers in context : an analysis of the 'doer' in INSU studies (1999) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    In information needs, seeking and use (INSU) research, individuals have most commonly been perceived as users (e.g., Kuhlthau, 1991; Dervin & Nilan, 1986; Dervin, 1989; Belkin, 1980). The concept user originates from the user of libraries and other information services and information systems. Over the years the scope of the concept has become wider and it is nowadays often understood in the sense of seekers of information (e.g., Wilson, 1981; Marchionini, 1995) and users of information (e.g., Streatfield, 1983). Nevertheless, the concept has remained ambiguous by being on the one hand universal and on the other hand extremely specific. The purpose of this paper is to map and evaluate views on people whose information behaviour has been in one way or another the core of our research area. The goal is to shed some light on various relationships between the different aspects of doers in INSU studies. The paper is inspired by Dervin's (1997) analysis of context where she identified among other themes the nature of subject by contrasting a `transcendental individual' with a `decentered subject', and Talja's (1997) presentation about constituting `information' and `user' from the discourse analytic viewpoint as opposed to the cognitive viewpoint. Instead of the metatheoretical approach applied by Dervin and Talja, a more concrete approach is valid in the present analysis where no direct arguments for or against the underlying metatheories are itemised. The focus is on doers in INSU studies leaving other, even closely-related concepts (i.e., information, information seeking, knowledge etc.), outside the scope of the paper.
    Date
    22. 3.2002 9:55:52
    Source
    Exploring the contexts of information behaviour: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Research in Information Needs, Seeking and Use in Different Contexts, Sheffield, UK, 1998. Ed. by D.K. Wilson u. D.K. Allen
  10. Park, I.K.: Comparing major U.S. OPAC systems for developing countries (1997) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Reports results of a questionnaire survey of the user characteristics of Korean student user groups in searching OPACs. The study examined the use of 5 selected OPAC systems in 5 academic libraries in the Austin, Texas and North Texas areas. The objective was to provide information on the characteristics of a specific group of international college students from a developing country in order to assist system managers in the selection of OPAC systems. The major conclusions of this study were: the academic level and age of students affect the preference towards an OPAC, but academic major of the students does not affect the preference; system designers should prepare more specific instructions regarding searching methods; there is a negative relationship between the number of searching methods that the respondents knew in using OPACs and the frequency of manual card catalogue use; and menu driven systems should be the first selection of OPAC systems for Korean students. Proposes recommendations for the design, adoption, or management of a new OPAC system
  11. Solomon, P.: On the dynamics of information system use : from novice to? (1992) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Explores the variety of user behaviour exhibited by users of information retrieval systems over time and the effort of differences between expert and novice searchers on an understanding of information searching dynamics and on the design of information systems. Based on a naturalistic case study. Points out some of the dynamic patterns of behaviour of children's use of online catalogues (OPACs)
    Source
    Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Information Science, Pittsburgh, 26.-29.10.92. Ed.: D. Shaw
  12. Hastings, S.K.: ¬An exploratory study of intellectual access to digitized art images : the information industry and the role of the Internet (1995) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Describes the nature of intellectual access to digitized art images using qualitatively methodologies. Images of Caribbean paintings were digitized and the process of querying the Caribbean art images observed. The paintings used for the study are part of the Bryant West Indies Collection, Central Florida University. Queries of art historians were analyzed and compared to retrieval parameters and image characteristics. 4 major categories, developed during the coding of the data, were isolated; queries; manipulations; recommendations; and applications. Concepts were identified that relate the complexity of the query, the access points, and the types of computer manipulations needed to retrieve relevant answer sets. Characteristics of the images were analyzed and compared to levels of query complexity. The findings of the investigations are reported in detail
    Source
    Proceedings of the 16th National Online Meeting 1995, New York, 2-4 May 1995. Ed.: M.E. Williams
  13. Read, J.: 'What do you want?' : a question academic libraries should be asking their users (1997) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Reports a strategy adopted at Reading University Library in the UK, using Libra software and methodology developed by Priority Search Ltd. in conjunction with the University of London Library, to determine a way of adjusting the library opening hours to satisfy the needs of the greatest number of users. Describes the survey methodology and administration, discusses survey findings, offers tips for librarians in dealing with users, and considers the creative nature of such a survey
  14. Palmquist, R.A.; Kim, K.-S.: Modeling the users of information systems : some theories and methods (1998) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Examines some of the theories that have evolved to explain the mental processes required for the use of information systems. Categorizes research in this area into system oriented and user oriented studies and reviews this research. Describes a sample of methodologies used for examining users and their information seeking behaviour. Concludes with a discussion of the implications of these theories and methods for librarians and information specialists
    Footnote
    Part of an issue devoted to electronic resources and their use in libraries, from the viewpoint of reference services, with an emphasis on the Internet and Geographic Information Systems
  15. Marchionini, G.; Xia, L.; Dwiggins, S.: Efforts of search and subject expertise on information seeking in a hypertext environment (1990) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    As part of ongoing investigation of information seeking behaviour of end users in electronic environments, a comparison was made of those users having expertise in a topic area and those with expertise in online searching. Computer scientists and online search specialists conducted assigned searches in a HyperCard database on the topic of hypertext. Both groups of experts were able to conduct successful searches and outperformed a novice control group. Search specialists took slightly less time tahn the domain experts, modified queries by adding terms found in the text, and tended to focus on query formulation. Domain experts focused on the text and used their domain knowledge for further question answering
    Source
    ASIS'90: Information in the year 2000, from research to applications. Proc. of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the American Society for Information Science, Toronto, Canada, 4.-8.11.1990. Ed. by Diana Henderson
  16. Carter, T.; Park, H.O.: ¬A user survey of the online public access catalog at California State University Fresno (1993) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Discusses a user survey undertaken in Summer and Autumn 1992 to gauge the general response to the OPAC subsystem of ALIS - the Henry Madden Library's Automated Library Integrated System at California State Univ. at Fresno. Covers the specifications of ALIS on Geac/ADVANCE and its installation. Explains the survey's methodology and discusses the results
    Source
    Library software review. 12(1993) no.2, S.43-53
  17. Slack, F.: End-user searches and search path maps : a discussion (1996) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Examines the development of OPACs of the last 15 years, and how this has promoted the use of automated information retrieval systems. Using the technique of search path maps, investigates how end users use the system available to them and the type of subject searches they carry out. Compares 2 techniques for mapping searches, concluding that there is need for effective diagnosis and monitoring methods, and that an efficient method of analysis of end user use is essential
    Source
    OCLC systems and services. 12(1996) no.2, S.27-34
  18. King, N.S.: End-user errors : a content analysis of PaperChase transaction logs (1993) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Reports on a study, conducted at Maryland Univ., of end users of MEDLINE using PaperChase, a user friendly, menu driven software package, designed to be used with little or no training. Transaction logs. Transaction logs were examined to identify the types and frequency of apparent searching errors made by end users. The study is an extension of a previous study conducted at Michigan Univ. Results indicate that, despite the PaperChase system prompts that attempt to guide users to proper terminology, potentially costly errors are being made. Of particular concern are the misuses and failure to use the controlled vocabulary. Results suggest that a measure of end user training may be advisable
    Source
    Bulletin of the Medical Library Association. 81(1993) no.4, S.439-441
  19. Hancock-Beaulieu, M.: ¬A comparative transaction log analysis of browsing and search formulation in online catalogues (1993) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    OLIVE, a transaction logging facility enhanced with online questionnaires, was used to collect data from users of public and academic library catalogues. The comparative analysis of subject searching behaviour focused on the role of browsing subject headings and brief references in search formulation. Opportunities for browsing are greatly constrained by indexing practices. It is suggested that a more integrated approach to pre-coordinate and post-coordinate searching would be more effective. The logging software has been developed for a number of commercial online catalogues including Geac, CLSI and LIBERTAS. The use of a diagnostic and monitoring tool in the evaluation of OPACs is advocated
  20. Read, J.: 'What do you want?' : a question academic libraries should be asking their users (1997) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Reports results of a user survey, conducted at Reading University, UK, to find out the kind of service their users want, in particular, regarding opening hours. Results indicated that there was a clear consensus on some issues: in particular, more rapid reshelving of books; but preferred opening hours varied between different groups. In this respect the survey was regarded as being only partially successful as it did not point to a clear course of action which would satisfy the needs of all library users. However, useful data was collected and the availability of the Libra software for a further 5 years means that further surveys may be undertaken

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