Search (54 results, page 1 of 3)

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Abstract

Subject classifications and thesauri have become more important than ever in the Web environment. Efforts made to organize information into subject classifications, or taxonomies, offer users the opportunity to substantially improve the effectiveness of their search and retrieval activities. This article continues earlier research an the development of a new definition of the field of information science and the creation of a "map" of the field showing subjects central to it and their relationships to those an the periphery. A case study describes the creation of a new classification structure (taxonomy) for the Information Science Abstracts (ISA) database, aiming to reflect and accommodate the rapid and continued technological and market changes affecting the information industry today and into the future. Based an a sample of some 3,000 ISA abstracts, two validation experiments were conducted by a three-member team comprising a database editor, a reference librarian, and an abstractor-indexer, who represent three of the major communities within the information science field. In the first experiment, the sample of abstracts was classified according to the proposed new taxonomy; alter analysis of the data and revision of the taxonomy, it was revalidated and fine tuned in a second experiment. Indexer consistency measures obtained in this study were significantly higher than those found in previous studies. The taxonomy resulting from this research employs the concepts, definition, and map of information science previously developed. It presents them in an organized hierarchical view of the field and thus makes a significant contribution to information science.

Content

Das System: 1. INFORMATION SCIENCE RESEARCH 1.1 Basic concepts, definitions, theories, methodologies, and applications 1.2 Properties, needs, quality, and value of information 1.3 Statistics, measurement Bibliometrics, citation analysis, scientometrics, informetrics 1.4 Information retrieval research Searching techniques (Boolean, fuzzy, natural language), the search process, precision/relevance, ranking/recall, searching models, query formulation, inverted files, updating, database structures 1.5 User behavior and uses of information systems Searcher tactics, information overload, user surveys, usability studies 1.6 Human-computer interface Human factors, ergonomics, design issues 1.7 Communication Editing, writing, linguistics, Internet authoring and design principles 1.8 Operations research/mathematics Modeling, Boolean logic, coding, systems analysis, algorithms, compression 1.9 History of information science, biographies
2. KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION 2.1 Thesauri, authority lists Taxonomies, ontologies, semantic networks, nomenclatures, terminologies, vocabularies 2.2 Cataloging and classification Tagging, metatags, Dublin Core, DOIs, OPACs, MARC, AACR2, topic maps, cataloging processes and theories 2.3 Abstracting, indexing, reviewing Automatic indexing and abstracting 2.4 Standards and protocols NISO, Z39.5, XML, SGML, HTML, Open Archives Initiative (OAI), Encoded Archival Description (EAD), OpenURL, portable document format (PDF) 3. THE INFORMATION PROFESSION 3.1 Information professionals Intermediaries, searchers, reference librarians, information brokers, translators, educators, librarians and librarianship, mentoring, career outlook, future of the profession, professional ethics, skills and competencies 3.2 Organizations and societies 4. SOCIETAL ISSUES 4.1 Information ethics, plagiarism, credibility 4.2 Information literacy, lifelong learning 4.3 The Information Society Universal access and accessibility, technological and socioeconomic impacts of information, technology forecasts, information flows, futures scenarios, preservation 5. THE INFORMATION INDUSTRY 5.1 Information and knowledge management Knowledge transfer in organizations, business strategies 5.2 Markets and players Vendor profiles and Interviews, trends 5.3 Economics and pricing Business models, value chain 5.4 Marketing, e-commerce 6. PUBLISHING AND DISTRIBUTION 6.1 Print 6.2 Electronic E-journals, e-books 6.3 Secondary publishing Abstracting and indexing services, directories 6.4 Scholarly communication Peer review process, future of journals, dissertations, grey literature
7. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES 7.1 Internet World Wide Web, Invisible Web, Deep Web, search engines, browsers, hypermedia, Listservs, bulletin boards, portals, gateways, directories, pathfinders 7.2 Intranets, Web conferencing 7.3 Software Programming languages, operating systems, platforms 7.4 Hardware 7.5 Multimedia 7.6 Document management Imaging, scanning, text retrieval, digitization, records management, bookmarking, hypertext systems, preservation technologies, digitization, linking and electronic cross referencing, storage, digital rights management 7.7 AI, expert systems, intelligent agents Cybernetics, visualization and mapping, data mining, pattern and character recognition, search agents and robots 7.8 Telecommunications Networks, wireless and satellite information delivery, Palm Pilots and other PDAs, LANs and WANs 7.9 Security, access control, authentication, encryption Digital watermarking 7.10 Other B. ELECTRONIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND SERVICES 8.1 Information searching and retrieval systems and Services Bibliographie, numeric, and Image databases; descriptions of online Services 8.2 Customized information systems, alerting, current awareness 8.3 Document delivery systems and Services Interlibrary loan, resource sharing 8.4 Geographie information systems 9. SUBJECT-SPECIFIC SOURCES AND APPLICATIONS 9.1 Physical sciences Chemistry, physics, engineering, earth sciences, Computer science, energy, mathematics 9.2 Life sciences Medicine, biosciences, agriculture, environment 9.3 Social sciences, humanities, history, linguistics 9.4 Business Management, economics, companies 9.5 Law, political science, government Patents and trademarks, intellectual property, case law 9.6 News 9.7 Education, library and information science, ready reference 9.8 Other/multidisciplinary Biography and genealogy databases, encyclopedias, databases of theses and dissertations
10. LIBRARIES AND LIBRARY SERVICES 10.1 Library descriptions and types Special, government, academic, and public libraries, archives, museums, state and national libraries, depository libraries 10.2 Library Services 10.3 Library automation, operations, and strategic planning 10.4 Library consortia and networks, coalitions, cooperatives 10.5 Digital and virtual libraries, hybrid libraries 10.6 Education and training Distance learning, continuing education, bibliographic instruction library schools, courses and Curricula 11. GOVERNMENT AND LEGAL INFORMATION AND ISSUES 11.1 Intellectual property protection Copyright issues and implications, fair use, trademarks, patent law 11.2 Legislation, laws, and regulations (except Copyright) 11.3 Contracts and licensing 11.4 Liability issues Filtering, censorship, privacy 11.5 Sources of public information 11.6 Information policies and studies Security, encryption, privacy, freedom of information, censoring, national and other information policies 11.7 Systems and infrastructure Technology transfer

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 54(2003) no.8, S.771-781

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Abstract

This article describes how the original ERIC was established as a conventional, centralized information center within the Office of Education in 1964, and how this initial ERIC was transformed from into a decentralized national system about 18 months later. The history of the two ERICs also illustrates how knowledge and expertise - in this case, that represented by advances in information systems technology and its applications - combined with interpersonal relationships within a bureaucracy, federal funding decisions, and organizational changes to shape the development of a major national information service. The time period covered by the article is from 1959, when planning for the first ERIC began, to June 1967, when the decentralized system became fully operational. Most of the description and analysis, however, is limited to the 1965-66 period, when the decentralized system was conceptualized and implemented. Important developments in ERIC since 1967 are also described

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 51(2000) no.6, S.567-575

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Abstract

The Working group on Guidelines for (electronic) national bibliographies has started the work with an analysis of users and use of national bibliographies (NB). In addition to the well known importance of NB for libraries and librarians, other users and their requirements were identified. The results are presented and discussed; both existing and potential users and use were taken into account. The group will continue the work by specifying the functionality to support the various needs of different users.

Date

1.11.2005 18:56:22

Footnote

Vortrag, World Library and Information Congress: 71th IFLA General Conference and Council "Libraries - A voyage of discovery", August 14th - 18th 2005, Oslo, Norway.

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Abstract

More and more libraries are providing access to Web resources through OCLC's (Online Computer Resource Center) Cooperative Online Resource Catalog (CORC) and, by extension, OCLC's WorldCat database. The ability to use a database to its maximum potential depends upon understanding what a database contains and the guidelines for its construction. This study examines the characteristics of Web resources in CORC in terms of their subject matter, the source of the content, publication patterns, and the units of information chosen for representation in the database. The majority of the 414 resources in the sample belonged to the social sciences. Academic libraries and government agencies contributed more than 90% of the records for resources in the sample. Using the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, 2d edition (AACR2) definitions for publication patterns that are part of the upcoming 2002 amendments reveals that nearly half of the sample fell into the category of integrating resources. Identifying units of representation of the resources described was more difficult. Existing definitions for Web units in development are not adequate to describe all of the resources in the sample. In addition, there is wide variability in the units of representation chosen for inclusion by the libraries contributing records, resulting in little predictability in what units of information might be found in the database.

Date

10. 9.2000 17:38:22

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Date

22. 3.2001 12:14:06

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Abstract

Hintergrund Seit 1993 bietet die Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek (SULB) den Angehörigen der Universität des Saarlandes (UdS) die Möglichkeit, wissenschaftliche Publikationen in einer Online-Jahresbibliographie zu verzeichnen. Schon seit dem Jahr 1968 existierte eine gedruckte Fassung der Jahresbibliographie, die Veröffentlichungen der Angehörigen der Universität des Saarlandes, seit 1973 auch die der anderen Hochschulen des Saarlandes, verzeichnete. Als Printausgabe erschien sie zuletzt im Jahr 2000. Die alte Online-Version beinhaltet die Titel ab dem Berichtsjahr 1993 sowie Nachträge aus früheren Jahren. Mit Beginn des Jahres 2006 wurde bei der SULB als Betreiberin der Jahresbibliographie ein deutlicher Schnitt gemacht: Das bewährte alte, auf hierarchischer HTML-Navigation basierende System, das in den Jahren 1993 bis 2005 zirka 100.000 Titelmeldungen aufnahm, wurde durch ein flexibleres, datenbankgestütztes System ersetzt, das es in Zukunft erleichtern wird, die Jahresbibliographie als Instrument der Evaluierung heranzuziehen. Seit November 2000 bietet die SULB den Wissenschaftlern der UdS auch die Möglichkeit, wissenschaftliche Publikationen als Volltext entgeltfrei auf dem Institutional Repository SciDok Open Access konform zur Verfügung zu stellen. SciDok und auch PsyDok, das Disciplinary Repository der SULB für die Psychologie-Community, werden mit der an der Universität Stuttgart entwickelten Software OPUS betrieben. Seit Januar 2006 wird nun auch die Jahresbibliographie der UdS mit OPUS betrieben.

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Content

"Die chinesische Nationalbibliothek wird eine Software zur Konvertierung der Daten formate entwickeln, bevor diese Daten in WorldCat geladen werden können. Nach der Entwicklung und Konvertierung der Daten rechnet die chinesische Nationalbibliothek damit, im Jahr 2008 ungefähr 1,5 Millionen Datensätze an OCLC liefern zu können. Nach der Ergänzung in WorldCat werden die Einträge in chinesischen Schriftzeichen dargestellt. Die Datenkonvertierung und Lieferung in WorldCat soll auch über das Jahr 2008 hinaus fortgesetzt werden. »Für OCLC ist es eine Ehre, dass die chinesische Nationalbibliothek ihre Datenbestände WorldCat hinzugefügt hat,« sagt Andrew H. Wang, Vizepräsident von OCLC Asia Pacific. »China hat 5000 Jahre geschichtlicher Aufzeichnungen zu bieten und besitzt eines der ältesten Kulturerben der Menschheit. Die Daten der chinesischen Nationalbibliothek werden den Wert von WorldCat für Wissenschaftler weltweit steigern und somit die Rolle von WorldCat als Brücke der Verständigung zwischen den Kontinenten und Kulturen weiterhin stärken.« Um den wachsenden Informationsbedarf von Bibliotheken und anderen Kultureinrichtungen in China und anderen Teilen Asiens besser bedienen zu können, hat OCLC im Juli 2007 außerdem ein Büro in Peking eröffnet. OCLC ist eine weltweit tätige, auf Mitgliedschaft basierende Non-Profit-Bibliotheksorganisation. Über 60 000 Bibliotheken in 112 Ländern nehmen die Dienste von OCLC in Anspruch. In Gemeinschaft mit den Mitgliedsbibliotheken erstellt und pflegt OCLC WorldCat die weltweit umfassendste bibliografische Datenbank mit über einer Milliarde Bibliotheksmedien."

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Content

"Asiens größte Bibliothek, die chinesische Nationalbibliothek, wird ihre bibliographischen Daten der WorldCat-Datenbank von OCLC hinzufügen. Dies macht es zukünftig jedem möglich, auf diese umfangreiche Titeldaten direkt zuzugreifen. Die chinesische Nationalbibliothek wird eine Software zur Konvertierung der Datenformate entwickeln, bevor diese Daten in WorldCat geladen werden können. Nach der Entwicklung und Konvertierung der Daten rechnet die chinesische Nationalbibliothek damit, im Jahr 2008 ungefähr 1,5 Millionen Datensätze an OCLC liefern zu können. Nach der Ergänzung in WorldCat werden die Einträge in chinesischen Schriftzeichen dargestellt werden. Die Datenkonvertierung und Lieferung in WorldCat soll auch über das Jahr 2008 hinaus kontinuierlich fortgesetzt werden. "Die chinesische Nationalbibliothek schätzt die kooperative Partnerschaft mit OCLC sehr", sagte Zhan Furui, Direktor der chinesischen Nationalbibliothek. "Es freut uns, durch die Teilnahme an WorldCat die reichhaltigen chinesischen kulturellen Quellen auf globaler Ebene zu teilen." "Die Ergänzung der Datenbestände der chinesischen Nationalbibliothek wird von Studenten und Wissenschaftlern auf der ganzen Welt mit Freude aufgenommen werden", sagte Jay Jordan, Präsident und CEO von OCLC. "OCLC entwickelt sich weiter zu einem wahrhaft globalen Unternehmen, das Ost und West und Nord und Süd miteinander verbindet." "Für OCLC ist es wirklich eine Ehre, dass die chinesische Nationalbibliothek ihre Datenbestände WorldCat hinzugefügt hat", sagt Andrew H. Wang, Vizepräsident von OCLC Asia Pacific. "China hat 5.000 Jahre geschichtlicher Aufzeichnungen zu bieten und besitzt eines der ältesten Kulturerben der Menschheit. Die Daten der chinesischen Nationalbibliothek werden den Wert von WorldCat für Wissenschaftler weltweit steigern und somit die Rolle von WorldCat als Brücke der Verständigung zwischen den Kontinenten und Kulturen weiterhin stärken." Um den wachsenden Informationsbedarf von Bibliotheken und anderen Kultureinrichtungen in China und anderen Teilen Asiens besser bedienen zu können, hat OCLC im Juli 2007 ein Büro in Peking eröffnet."

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Date

22. 3.2003 10:25:41

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Date

26.12.2011 12:30:22

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Date

22. 5.2004 11:46:52

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Date

22. 2.2008 13:22:11

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Content

Voraussetzungen und Zielvorgaben Im Laufe der letzten ungefähr 10 Jahre sind in Deutschland zahlreiche Digitalisierungsprojekte durchgeführt worden. Die Mehrzahl davon war und ist an Bibliotheken angesiedelt, daneben stehen aber nicht wenige Projekte, die von Akademien, MaxPlanck-Instituten, einzelnen Universitätsinstituten und anderen Projektnehmern beantragt und durchgeführt wurden. Selbst wenn man die Zählung auf die DFG-finanzierten Projekte beschränkt, ist man schnell in der Größenordnung von weit über 100 Projekten, ohne Berücksichtigung der mindestens noch einmal so vielen von anderer Seite unterstützten oder privat durchgeführten Unternehmungen2. Was am Beginn der großen Digitalisierungskampagnen noch durchaus gewollt war, nämlich die Förderung unterschiedlicher Verfahren und Methoden, die Anwendung verschiedener technischer Lösungen bei Hard- und Software, die freie Hand für die Projektleiter bei der Entwicklung von Zugriffsmöglichkeiten, bei Erschließungsmethoden und Navigationsinstrumenten, entpuppte sich jedoch nach und nach als strategischer Nachteil. Gewiss: Man hatte auf diese Weise eine Vielzahl an Erfahrungen sammeln und für die Formulierung von Empfehlungen nutzen können. Vor allem bei der Ausarbeitung von technischen Standards mag es hilfreich gewesen sein, auf möglichst viele unterschiedliche Erfahrungen zurückgreifen zu können. Im Ergebnis aber entstanden so viele Realisierungen, wie es Projekte gab. Jedes stand für sich mit einem individuellen Auftritt im Netz und wartete auf Kundschaft, die - wie wir heute wissen - aber nicht in der erhofften Frequenz die neuen Angebote nutzte. Spätestens bei einem Seitenblick auf die parallel entstehenden Strukturen im Ausland musste die sehr bunte deutsche Digitalisierungs-landschaft mehr und mehr als ein eher bedenkliches Konzept erscheinen. Der Verzicht auf Standardisierung und Zentralisierung, das Nebeneinander von jeweils für die Projekte sinnvollen, aber in der Regel nicht nachnutzbaren Projektarchitekturen begann sich zu rächen, denn die potenziellen Nutzer der bereitgestellten Dokumente fanden diese entweder nicht oder verloren schnell die Lust, in jedem neuen Projekt wieder mit dem Studium der Betriebsanleitung zu beginnen. Als sich dann vor dem Hintergrund des Erfolges von Google die Vorstellung durchsetzte, das weltweite Netz lasse sich leicht und vollständig von einem einfachen Suchschlitz aus durchkämmen, wuchs hierzulande der Druck, hinter den vielen bunten Mosaiksteinchen doch noch das eigentliche Bild erkennbar werden zu lassen. Ein zweifellos lohnendes Ziel sind doch die in den Projekten erarbeiteten Angebote und Standards zumeist von hoher Qualität. Der Plan fügte sich zudem leicht in die aktuellen strategischen Zielvorstellungen von einer homogenen digitalen Bibliothek Deutschland, sogar einer europäischen digitalen Bibliothek oder gemeinsamen Portalen von Bibliotheken, Museen und Archiven, in welchen die in den Einzelprojekten erzielten Ergebnisse letzten Endes aufgehen sollen.

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Abstract

This article studies concentration aspects of bibliographies. More, in particular, we study the impact of incompleteness of such a bibliography on its concentration values (i.e., its degree of inequality of production of its sources). Incompleteness is modeled by sampling in the complete bibliography. The model is general enough to comprise truncation of a bibliography as well as a systematic sample on sources or items. In all cases we prove that the sampled bibliography (or incomplete one) has a higher concentration value than the complete one. These models, hence, shed some light on the measurement of production inequality in incomplete bibliographies.

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 53(2002) no.4, S.271-281

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Abstract

The basic families of bibliography are distinguished, followed by an overview of the history of bibliography. Major works in the world of bibliography are cited in their contexts. The practices of assembling and searching bibliographical lists are summarized, and the last section, which focuses on physical bibliography, surveys the study of books as artifactual evidence.

Source

Encyclopedia of library and information sciences. 3rd ed. Ed.: M.J. Bates

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Abstract

The paper describes the efforts of three national libraries to use the DDC to improve access in German to the national bibliographies of Switzerland, Germany and Austria. The reasons that led to the use of the DDC for the organisation of the bibliographies and the difficulties in adopting a common approach will be explained. The paper will deal with the approach of using the Second Dewey Summary and the adaptations made to suit the bibliographic requirements of each country's bibliography. The presentation will also explain the challenges of incorporating German requirements in the new outline of the different series of the Deutsche Nationalbibliograpfie and will show how these were successfully resolved.

Footnote

Vortrag, World Library and Information Congress: 71th IFLA General Conference and Council "Libraries - A voyage of discovery", August 14th - 18th 2005, Oslo, Norway.

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Date

22. 2.2008 13:39:04

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Date

22. 3.2008 13:56:55

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Abstract

A bibliography is traditionally characterized by the judgments, bounded by explicit selection criteria, made by a single compiler. Because these criteria concern the attributes ascribed to a work and the needs of readers, bibliographic work is largely conceptual even across technological eras and domains. Yet, the development of networked information services, made possible by WWW infrastructure, has enabled very large numbers of people to discover, organize, and publish information, including bibliographies. Indeed, bibliographies, or at least bibliography-like artifacts, are a common genre of website, often published by people without specialized skills in information organization who follow non-rigorous selection procedures. Nevertheless, even if the items from these lists are poorly selected and described, this publishing activity is fundamentally important because it structures information locally, creating a patchy network of secondary access points. In turn, these access points enable information discovery, the formation and development of communities of interest, the estimation of document relevance by search engines, and so on. In sum, this activity, and the enabling technical infrastructure, invites bibliographies to take on new interactive possibilities. The aim of this article is to extend the traditional view of bibliography to encompass collaborative possibilities for wide, or narrow, participation in the shaping of bibliographies and the selection of items. This is done by examining the nature of bibliography on the Web, by proposing a conceptual model that opens bibliography to participatory practices, and by discussing a case study where a team sought to develop a bibliography of electronic resources. This examination reveals splendid opportunities for expanding the notion of bibliography with participatory policies while remaining true to its ancient roots.