-
Diodato, V.: User preferences for features in back of the book indexes (1994)
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- Abstract
- A survey of 255 librarians and college professors obtained their opinions of 3 elements of back of book indexes. Both groups overwhelmingly preferred line-by-line subheadings to the run-on arrangement, even though many books use the latter format. Almost all librarians preferred word-by-word alphabetization to the letter-by-letter method, but only about two thirds of the professors shared this preference. Strongest disagreement between the two groups occured when most of the librarians preferred see references to duplicate entries, while most professors selected duplicate entires instead of see references. Indexers and developers of indexing standards should consider the preferences of index users
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 45(1994) no.7, S.529-536
-
Luhn, H.P.: Keyword-in-context index for technical literature (1985)
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- Abstract
- In the optimistic 1960s the potential of the computer seemed limitless. The realization of this potential in the area of information retrieval and dissemination owes much to the creative mind of Hans Peter Luhn. A pioneer of information science, he had a mind and an imagination that could transcend the state of the art. Luhn was born in Germany, where he studied technology, physics, and accounting. He came to the United States in 1924 and in 1941, at the age of 45, he joined IBM. In the course of his twenty-year tenure at IBM, he was issued over eighty patents; at one time he held more than any other IBM employee. Luhn is credited with originating KWIC indexes, computer selective dissemination systems (SDI), computer coding schemes, and statistical techniques for automatic indexing and abstracting. Also attributed to him is the first modern use of the word "thesaurus." The selection that follows modestly presents the idea of a Keyword in Context (KWIC) index. This is the idea of automatically identifying significant or "key" words and highlighting them in context. The context in question was normally a title. Though title term or catchword indexing had been practiced for over one hundred years, the implementation of the idea in mechanized systems in the 1960s was not trivial. It required programming the computer to recognize word boundaries and then developing a means for automatically differentiating significant from nonsignificant words. Spaces were used to demarcate word boundaries and a stop list, consisting of articles, conjunctions, prepositions, auxiliary verbs, some adjectives, and some very common words, was used to differentiate significant from nonsignificant words. A difficulty with any automatic indexing limited to extracting single words from texts is the semantic indeterminancy of the extracted character strings. To disambiguate these, Luhn adopted the concordance idea, proposing to display them in the context of their titles. Specifying the meaning of an index term by couching it in "context," anticipated the later development of string index languages such as PRECIS (PREserved Context Index System). Although the selection that follows is quite short, it presents, in addition to the idea of KWIC, what at the time were two innovative ideas. One is the distinction between the dissemination and the retrieval of information, in regard to which Luhn makes a point sometimes overlooked by modern critics of KWIC. This is that different purposes require different kinds of indexes; an index that is used to disseminate information for current awareness need not be as "perfect" as one used for retrospective information retrieval. The need to alert researchers to current information quickly, and the somewhat transitory character of this information, make KWIC, albeit quick and dirty, a costeffective alternative for dissemination indexes. The second harbinger idea is a method of uniquely identifying documents for retrieval using an identification code comprising the initial characters from a document's author, title, and - interestingly - year of publication. Luhn's mind was fertile indeed and he is aptly called a pioneer of information science.
-
Gratch, B.; Settel, B.; Atherton, P.: Characteristics of book indexes for subject retrieval in the humanities and social sciences (1978)
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- Source
- Indexer. 11(1978), S.14-22
-
Dextre Clarke, S.G.: Evolution towards ISO 25964 : an international standard with guidelines for thesauri and other types of controlled vocabulary (2007)
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- Abstract
- Die geschichtliche Entwicklung von ISO 2788: Documentation - Guidelines for the establishment and development of monolingual thesauri und ISO 5964: Documentation - Guidelines for the establishment and development of multilingual thesauri wird kurz beschrieben. 2001 begann die Arbeit an der Entwicklung von BS 8723: Structured Vocabularies for Information Retrieval - Guide, einer fünfteiligen Norm, die konzipiert wurde, um die internationalen Normen zu aktualisieren, insbesondere mit Hinblick auf Interoperabilität. Der Verfahrensablauf zur Übernahme von BS 8723 als internationale Norm hat begonnen.
- Date
- 8.12.2007 19:25:22
- Source
- Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 58(2007) H.8, S.441-444
-
Armitage, J.E.; Lynch, M.F.: Some structural characteristics of articulated subject indexes (1968)
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- Source
- Information storage and retrieval. 4(1968) no.2, S.101-111
-
Bennion, B.C.: Performance testing of a book and its index as an information retrieval system (1980)
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- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 31(1980), S.264-270
-
Anderson, J.D.: Indexing, teaching of, See: Information retrieval design (2002)
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-
Z39.4-199X: Indexes and related information retrieval devices (1993)
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-
Parsons, J.: Finding your way around the information maze : indexes as a signpost to information retrieval (1992)
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- Abstract
- Consideration of some of the choices for computerization of indexes, including word processing, records administration systems, and text-retrieval packages. Some of the general concepts relating to indexes are also covered, including various approaches to indexing such as subject, word, and hierarchical indexing, and the use of coordinated themes. The options available within each type of computerization of indexing are also specified
- Source
- Information management and technology. 25(1992) no.3, S.120-122
-
Benson, E.; Dunn, L.R.: ¬The 'Routledge Encyclopedia' project : indexing tools and management techniques for large documents (1993)
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- Abstract
- The index to this encyclopedia will have some 20.000 individual entries. The techniques and tools described in this paper are comprehensive enough to encompass the majority of indexing needs, easy to use, modest in cost, and available to scholars
-
Clarke, M.: Retrieving information from scientific periodicals (1996)
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- Abstract
- Considers the indexing of scientific and medical periodicals, covering the need for indexes, the effect on information retrieval of the electronic revolution, types of journals and entries, the process of indexing, cumulation and publisher-indexer relations
-
Craven, T.C.: Adapting of string indexing systems for retrieval using proximity operators (1988)
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- Abstract
- This article explores the idea of using a conventional string indexing source description, together with a special phrase generator, to generate multiple descriptor phrases for inclusion in a database record for online retrieval. For use with proximity operators, these multiple descriptor phrases should attempt to meet such objectives as bringing together groups of syntactically related words. Software for generating multiple descriptor phrases from source descriptions in a specific existing string indexing system is briefly described
- Source
- Information processing and management. 24(1988), S.133-140
-
Bradshaw, S.; Hammond, K.: Constructing indices from citations in collections of research papers (1999)
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- Abstract
- We describe Rosetta, an indexing and retrieval system for collections of research papers. Rosetta indexes papers in a collection based on the way they have been described when referenced by other papers in the collection. With this technique, indices for papers describe information provided in the same way a query describes information needed. Using Rosetta, simple natural language queries retrieve high-precision results in which descriptions based on citations clearly summarize retrieved papers; allowing users to quickly determine which papers most closely meet their information needs
- Imprint
- Medford, NJ : Information Today
- Series
- Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science; vol.36
- Source
- Knowledge: creation, organization and use. Proceedings of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the American Society for Information Science, 31.10.-4.11.1999. Ed.: L. Woods
-
Mulvany, N.C.: Back-of-the-book indexing (2009)
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- Abstract
- The book index occupies a special niche in the information retrieval world. Each index is a unique, authored work. Each book is a closed system. The text presented in a book does not change; the material is stable and fixed. Book indexers provide readers with a nonlinear way to access information in a text. Even though closed-system indexing predates the development of the printing press, a book index can be thought of as hypertext.
- Source
- Encyclopedia of library and information sciences. 3rd ed. Ed.: M.J. Bates
-
Odini, C.: ¬The performance of manual indexes and online databases in information retrieval (1994)
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- Abstract
- Reports a comparative study carried out at Sheffield University to compare the performance of 2 manual indexes and 3 related online databases in the retrieval of records in the technological subject of: Cathodic protection of concrete structures. The manual sources were: Engineering Index and Current Technology Index; and the online databases were: COMPENDEX, NTIS and SCISEARCH. Performance was measured in terms of relative recall and prescision. While online searches showed some considerable advantages over manual searches, the manual sources showed some considerable advantages over manual searches, the manual sources still manifested some qualities which render them valuable. Emphasizes the selection of databases on the basis of a compromise between high recall and high precision, and ultimately between both of these factors and cost
-
Odini, C.: ¬The performance of manual indexes and online databases in information retrieval (1997)
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- Abstract
- Reports a comparative study carried out at Sheffield University to compare the performance of 2 manual indexes and 3 related online databases in the retrieval of records in the technological subject of: Cathodic protection of concrete structures. The manual sources were: Engineering Index and Current Technology Index; and the online databases were: COMPENDEX, NTIS and SCISEARCH. Performance was measured in terms of relative recall and prescision. While online searches showed some considerable advantages over manual searches, the manual sources showed some considerable advantages over manual searches, the manual sources still manifested some qualities which render them valuable. Emphasizes the selection of databases on the basis of a compromise between high recall and high precision, and ultimately between both of these factors and cost
-
Lathrop, L.: ¬An indexer's guide to the Internet (1999)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: Indexer 22(2000) no.1, S.51 (R. Davis)
- Imprint
- Medford, NJ : Information Today / American Society of Indexers
-
Lavallee, C.: Indexation manuelle et indexation assistee par ordinateur : comparison de la performance de deux index d'une monographie (1996)
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- Abstract
- Reports an experiment, conducted in Mar 95 in the context of a course at the School of Library and Information Science at the University of Montreal, which evaluates the information retrieval capabilities of a manual index and a semi automated index developed according to the Bennion method. The application of a formula developed by Bennion shows that the indexes are almost identical
-
BIOSIS introduces new relational indexing scheme and additional information in 1998 (1998)
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- Abstract
- In 1998 BIOSIS will introduce a new relational indexing system to provide more specific natural language retrieval for its electronic products. Printed publications will have a redesigned subject index to replace the KWIC index and an organism index, replacing the current generic and biosystematic indexes, will allow hierarchical access to kingdom, family and common genus species names
- Source
- Information today. 15(1998) no.4, S.11
-
Holbert, S.: How to index Windows-based online help (2000)
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- Abstract
- Today, more and more software packages come with online documentation. Some have complete manuals as well. Others have basic documentation on paper and more advanced information online. I recently purchased a computer that came with 20 software programs and not one page of written documentation. More and more, users have to find information by searching online. Most documentation teams focus on writing and ignore the problems of information retrieval, making information in printed documents difficult to find, and online information impossible to find. With online Help, you cannot browse the documentation. You cannot even browse more than a couple of inches of the index at a time. If online users do not get superb guidance into the jungle of online Help, they go away like the hero of Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness, saying "Oh, the horror! The horror!" How does an online Help index work? The following examples are based on the Windows 95 Help-type system, but do not represent actual Help screens
- Imprint
- Phoenix, AZ : American Society of Indexers / Information Today
