Search (81 results, page 1 of 5)

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Abstract

Einleitung Informationskompetenz oder die Fähigkeit, Informationen unterschiedlichster Art zu recherchieren, zu evaluieren und weiter zu verwerten, wird in der Informations-und Wissensgesellschaft allgemein als grundlegende Schlüsselqualifikation für Ausbildung und Beruf verstanden. Mit der stark anwachsenden Zahl elektronisch verfügbarer Dokumente kommt der Informationskompetenz eine noch größere Bedeutung zu. Die wesentlichen Aspekte dieser Schlüsselqualifikation, die zum Bereich der sogenannten Soft Skills gehört, sind in einem von der amerikanischen Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) formulierten Standard der Informationskompetenz aufgeführt und beinhalten folgende Punkte: - Bestimmung von Art und Umfang der benötigten Informationen - Ermittlung eines effizienten und effektiven Zugangs zu den benötigten Informationen - Kritische Evaluation von Informationen und Quellen, sowie Integration der ausgewählten Informationen in das Wissen und Wertesystem - Zielkonforme Weiterverwertung von Informationen - Kenntnis über ökonomische, rechtliche und soziale Streitfragen bezüglich der Nutzung von Informationen - Zugang und Nutzung von Informationen in einer ethischen und legalen Weise. Motivation dieser Arbeit ist es, den Qualifikationsbedarf von Schülern der gymnasialen Oberstufe und von Studierenden hinsichtlich der oben genannten Teilaspekte der Informationskompetenz herauszuarbeiten. Die offensichtlich stark zunehmende Nutzung von Suchmaschinen und frei verfügbaren Online-Quellen im World Wide Web lenkt den Fokus dieser Untersuchung auf das Verhalten der Probanden bei der Informationsbeschaffung und -verwertung. Die hohe Relevanz der Nutzung von Suchmaschinen erfordert es, das Suchverhalten von Internetnutzern zu analysieren. Ohne die Kenntnis der Suchstrategien potentieller Nutzer von Online-Diensten oder Abnehmern eines Produktes können Marketing-Maßnahmen nicht optimal eingesetzt werden. Dieses gilt auch für Wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken, welche innerhalb der akademischen Informationsversorgung enorme Leistungen erbringen. Gerade in Zeiten wachsenden Kostendrucks bei zugleich sinkenden Budgets ist es entscheidend, die Ressourcen entsprechend der Informationsbedürfnisstruktur der Nutzer (auch im folgenden: Kunden) optimal einzusetzen. Zunächst wird auf eines der schwerwiegendsten Probleme bei der Suche nach Fachinformationen eingegangen, dem Phänomen der Informationsüberflutung, dessen Wurzeln sowohl auf der Seite des Angebots als auch auf der Seite der Nachfrage nach Informationen zu suchen sind, vor allem dann, wenn die "Nachfrager" über eine eher schwach ausgeprägte Informationskompetenz im oben definierten Sinne verfügen. Der zweite Abschnitt behandelt den Aspekt der Verfügbarkeit einer Information, der zu einem hoch relevanten Kriterium für die Auswahl und Verwertung einer Information geworden ist. Die weiteren Ausführungen basieren auf den Ergebnissen einer empirischen Untersuchung zur Informationskompetenz von Schülern und Studenten und zeigen die Verfahrens- und Vorgehensweisen der Probanden bei der Suche und Evaluierung von Fachinformationen auf. Die Nutzung von Internet und Suchmaschinen besitzt in diesem Kontext eine besonders hohe Relevanz und wird ausführlich diskutiert. Der letzte Abschnitt dieser Arbeit fasst die Kernaussagen und -ergebnisse über das Suchverhalten der Probanden zusammen und verdeutlicht dabei den Handlungsbedarf für Bildungseinrichtungen, geeignete Schulungskonzepte zur Stärkung der im Zusammenhang mit Informationskompetenz geforderten Fähigkeiten und Kenntnisse zu entwickeln.

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Abstract

Purpose - The purpose of this article is to alert researchers to software for web tracking of information seeking behaviour, and to offer a list of criteria that will make it easier to select software. A selection of research projects based on web tracking as well as the benefits and disadvantages of web tracking are also explored. Design/methodology/approach - An overview of the literature, including clarification of key concepts, a brief overview of studies of web information seeking behaviour based on web tracking, identification of software used, as well as the strengths and short-comings noted for web tracking is used as a background to the identification of criteria for the selection of web tracking software. Findings - Web tracking can offer very valuable information for the development of websites, portals, digital libraries, etc. It, however, needs to be supplemented by qualitative studies, and researchers need to ensure that the tracking software will collect the data required. Research limitations/implications - The criteria is not applied to any software in particular. Practical implications - The criteria can be used by researchers working on web usage and web information seeking behaviour to select suitable tracking software. Originality/value - Although there are many reports on the use of web tracking (also reported in this article), nothing could be traced on criteria for the evaluation of web tracking software.

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Date

22. 3.2004 14:46:50

Footnote

Rez. in: B.I.T. online 6(2003) H.3, S.298-299 (J. Plieninger): "Wer im vorigen Heft von B.I.T.online den Fachbeitrag von Hermann Rösch über Bibliothekarische Auskunft im Web gelesen und sich daraufhin überlegt, einen solchen Dienst einzuführen, für den wäre dieses Buch das geeignete Mittel, sich für die Einführung einer Online-Auskunft fit zu machen. Die Autorin ist in der amerikanischen Internet Librarian- und Reference Librarian-Szene wohlbekannt: 1993 verfasste sie mit zwei Mitautoren Crossing the Internet Treshold, ein Tutorial für die Nutzung des Netzes, welches für die Profession eine Hilfestellung für die breite Nutzung des Internets bot. Das hier besprochene Buch könnte eine ähnliche Funktion für die Einführung der Virtual Reference bekommen: Es bietet einen Selbstlernkurs, welcher anschaulich die Grundlagen und die Grundhaltung bei der Implementation eines solchen Dienstes vermittelt. Was ist alles in diesem Kurs enthalten? Der erste Teil des Buches behandelt den Entscheidungsprozess, einen Online-Auskunftsdienst einzuführen: Es werden Vor- und Nachteile diskutiert, die Bedürfnisse der Benutzer untersucht ("There will always be a need for a human consultant to satisfy the needs of the information seeker.") und die Grundlagen der Entscheidungsfindung für eine geeignete Software behandelt. Der zweite Teil handelt dann von den Fragen der "Einrichtung" des virtuellen Auskunftsplatzes. Hier gibt es z.B. eine Schulung in den besonderen Kommunikationsformen, welche beim Chat zu beachten sind, eine Einbettung des neuen Dienstes in das Leitbild, die Geschäftsordnung bzw. Arbeitsorganisation der Bibliothek ("library policies") und zuletzt die komfortable Ausstattung des Auskunftsplatzes für Benutzer und Beschäftigte bis hin zu Fragen der Evaluation und Qualitätssicherung. Der dritte Teil behandelt die Aufgabe, einen Dienst zu implementieren, der sich selbst trägt, indem man ein Marketing für den neuen Dienst einrichtet, das ihn auf herkömmlichen und neuen Wegen promotet und ihn benutzerfreundlich ausgestaltet.
Im umfangreichen Anhang (44 S.) sind Checklisten, Übungen und Schulungsunterlagen vor allem zur richtigen Kommunikation mit den Benutzern zu finden. Am Schluss des Buches befindet sich noch ein Stichwortverzeichnis. Beigelegt ist eine CD-ROM mit allen im Buch aufgeführten Übungen und Links, so dass man auch am Bildschirm darauf zurückgreifen bzw. sie ausdrucken kann. Hervorzuheben ist, dass das Buch als Arbeitsbuch ausgestattet ist, es gibt viel Raum für Notizen, es werden viele anschauliche Beispiele gegeben und zu jedem Kapitel werden mehrere Übungsaufgaben gestellt. Es ist ein typisches amerikanisches Einführungsbuch, das in beneidenswert anschaulicher und konsequent praktisch orientierter Art die Leserin/den Leser in ein neues Arbeitsfeld einführt, so dass man nach der Lektüre wirklich den Eindruck hat, in Stand gesetzt zu sein, einen solchen Service in professioneller Art und Weise aufbauen zu können. Vielleicht sollte noch hervorgehoben werden, dass die Autorin es verstanden hat, den Inhalt so zu gestalten, dass er ein längeres Haltbarkeitsdatum bietet: Obwohl alle grundsätzlichen Dinge abgehandelt werden, wie z.B. die Entscheidungsgrundlagen für eine Software, wird doch nie eine konkrete Software behandelt. Solche Angaben würden schnell veralten im Gegensatz zu den Kriterien, die Software beurteilen zu können. Die Autorin bemüht sich auch, Internet-Quellen aufzuführen und zu besprechen, wo man sich in diesen Fragen up to date halten kann. Ein Buch, das in die Hände all jener gehört, für welche die Einführung einer Online-Auskunft in Frage kommt. Hermann Rösch führte in seinem Artikel zum Schluss lediglich einige Universitätsbibliotheken an, welche bereits eine Online-Auskunft eingeführt haben. Werden die öffentlichen Bibliotheken einen solchen Dienst nur in kooperativer Art und Weise über die Deutsche Internetbibliothek anbieten? Hoffentlich nicht, da die Einrichtung eines Virtual Reference Desk eine hervorragende Gelegenheit darstellt, das Image der Bibliothek als Informationsvermittlungsstelle nachhaltig zu stärken und jenen Benutzern einen Zugang zur Information zu ermöglichen, welche nicht in die Bibliothek kommen. Jedenfalls gibt dieses Buch die Grundlage, das Für und Wider eines solchen Dienstes abzuwägen und im Falle einer Einrichtung auch die Schulung der betroffenen Auskunftsbibliothekarinnen/-bibliothekare auf eine solide Basis zu stellen."

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Date

20. 4.2002 17:30:22

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Date

22. 1.2000 17:52:11

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Date

25. 3.2003 13:22:23

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Date

22. 1.2000 19:29:08

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 55(2004) no.4, S.366-368 (L. Mon): "The early years of the 21st century have been marked in the library community by a sharp increase in "chat reference" Services offered through library Web sites. Variously called "live reference," "virtual reference," or "chat reference," these Services utilize chat, MOO, instant messaging, and other online technologies to extend the live, synchronous interaction of the library reference desk to the Internet. In 2001, Stephen Francoeur found 272 libraries with chat reference Services worldwide, and in June 2003 Bernie Sloan's online listing of chat consortia included 47 consortia, which together represented more than 550 U.S. libraries. (Francoeur, 2001; Sloan, 2003) Jana Ronan's book is the latest entrant among recent works intended to guide librarians in the growing trend of setting up synchronous online "chat reference" services, and provides information about selecting software, setting service policies, conducting training, and managing staffing for a variety of different service configurations. Ronan, who serves as Interactive Reference Coordinator for the George A. Smathers Libraries at the University of Florida, Gainesville, covers the practical aspects of launching and managing chat reference services in 10 chapters, followed by five chapters of individual case studies contributed by other authors who describe chat reference implementations at SUNY Morrisville, Austin Peay State University, Paradise Valley Community College, University of South Florida, and the University of Florida.
Other recent works in this field include Marc Meola and Sam Stormont's 2002 "how to do it manual" for starting and operating live reference services, and Anne Grodzins Lipow's 2003 "handbook" for virtual reference librarians (Meola & Stormont, 2002; Lipow, 2003). As with Ronan's book, each of these is targeted toward librarians who are considering offering live interactive online reference services as part of a digital library presence. While Meola and Stormont provide extensive guidance an adapting chat services to specific staffing configurations and Lipow focuses more deeply an developing staff skills for the chat reference interaction, Ronan's book offers the most comprehensive overview for analyzing and selecting among chat reference software choices. Ronan's first two Chapters are focused an software choices. Chapter 1 describes "basic" software such as Internet Relay Chat (IRC), MOO, instant messaging, and Web-based chat, while Chapter 2 covers "advanced" options such as online distance education courseware and Web-based call center software. In Chapter 3, Ronan discusses the audience for chat reference services. Chapter 4 concerns the criteria for selecting "real time software" appropriate for the library and its users. Chapter 5 explores staffing models of all types, from recruitment of regular staff to work extra hours to outsourcing of chat reference work among vendors, consortia, and independent contractors.
Training techniques are the focus in Chapter 6, including ways to relax trainees and reduce cognitive load as well as to maximize training utility when the software limits the number of logins available. Ronan covers everyday administration and policy issues in Chapters 7 and 8. These include a list of daily routines such as checking that the software is functioning, plus monthly routines of updating statistics, policies, and procedures. Chapter 9 offers guidance an the chat reference interview, which Ronan likens to "information therapy" within an online environment of diminished contextual cues. Marketing and publicity are discussed in Chapter 10, with advice an advertising and publicity campaigns as well as a checklist of 20 promotional strategies for attracting users to a new chat service (p. 165). In the final section of the book, Chapters 11-15 provide individual case studies written by six contributors describing how live different academic libraries have been able to launch and operate chat reference services using a variety of different types of software including instant messaging, MOO, Internet Relay Chat, and call center software. Each case study begins with a statement of the software used, launch date, staffing, and hours of the service, and most include statistical information an chat reference traffic. These final live chapters provide "voices from the front lines" giving details of individual librarians' experiences in launching chat services.
Overall, Ronan's book serves as an excellent guide for librarians interested in launching chat reference services and provides a particularly comprehensive overview of software and considerations for selection and expansion. However, the strong focus an basic hands-on setup, administration, and management may limit the appeal of the book for other readers interested in exploring issues of chat reference service in a larger context-such as whether library schools are adequately preparing the next generation of librarians to function in this new virtual environment, or whether the volume of chat reference traffic sufficiently justifies a refocusing of resources and staffing from e-mail, telephone, and face-to-face service points, especially in a 24/7 context. As chat reference moves beyond text into voice and video, and as the current chat start-ups either disappear or become strongly integrated within digital libraries, there will be a continuing need for writers such as Ronan to move beyond the basics and guide us in considering the next steps and the transformations that online reference services are both creating and reflecting within our libraries and the larger society."

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Abstract

Mit dem Aufkommen diverser kollaborativer Dienste (Social Software) im Internet verändert sich die Web-Landschaft derzeit deutlich. Neue Kenntnisse und Fähigkeiten müssen erworben werden, um das volle Potential neuer Web 2.0-Angebote ausschöpfen zu können. Gleichzeitig steigt durch die vom Nutzer geschaffenen Inhalte die ohnehin vorhandene Informationsflut weiter an. Kompetenzen im Umgang mit digitalen Informationsangeboten müssen mehr denn je gefördert werden. Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit den Chancen und Herausforderungen, die sich für die Nutzer von Social Software bei der Informationssuche und -aufbereitung ergeben. Zudem wurde im Rahmen einer Onlinebefragung von mehr als 1000 Studierenden eine Bestandsaufnahme vorgenommen: Welche Web 2.0-Dienste sind bereits bekannt? Wie werden diese genutzt? Und stehen sie bei der Informationsbeschaffung in Konkurrenz zu Web-Suchmaschinen und klassischer Bibliotheksrecherche?

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Abstract

Wer in der gegenwärtigen Situation des allgemeinen »Information Overload« für neue Internetdienste wirbt, wird mit größter Skepsis zu rechnen haben. Nicht noch mehr! Viele der Dienste, von denen im Folgenden die Rede sein wird, sind gegenwärtig selbst kommunalen EDV-Spezialisten unbekannt. Es spricht aber einiges dafür, dass zurzeit eine »heimliche Medienrevolution« (Erik Möller) im Internet stattfindet. Neue Formate und Plattformen setzen sich durch, die in erster Linie auf der Zusammenarbeit vieler Menschen beruhen. Jochen Dudeck und Jakob Voß berichten vor diesem Hintergrund über die besonderen Möglichkeiten der »Sozialen Software«* in Bibliotheken.

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Date

9. 2.2008 17:52:22

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Date

21. 2.2003 14:18:22

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Date

25.11.2005 18:58:22

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Date

4. 3.2006 16:29:22

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Date

22. 8.2009 19:51:28

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Abstract

Hypothesizing that workplace significantly affects information-seeking patterns, this study compared accessibility and use of information sources among 233 Israeli computer scientists and software engineers, employed in industry and academy, using a mail questionnaire, which yielded a usable reply rate of 33%. The two groups were found to differ significantly in age, education, seniority, and type of research they performed (basic vs. applied). Printed textbooks, professional journals, and oral discussions with colleagues or experts in the organization were common to both groups, topping almost all lists of accessibility and use. For most information sources, however, the two groups differed significantly and consistently. Printed professional journals as weIl as printed and electronic conference or meeting papers were consistently more accessible and more often used by the academy group, while the industry group reported greater access to and more frequent use of electronic textbooks and trade or promotional literature. In regard to handbooks and standards, in-house technical reports (printed), government technical reports (Internet), librarians and technical specialists (Internet), and oral discussions with supervisors, no significant differences in accessibility were found, but their use by the industry group was much higher. In both groups, accessibility was only partly related to use, and more so among the academy than the industry group.

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Abstract

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to outline how article genres, or article types, are classified and described in the disciplines of biology, education, and software engineering. By using the expression article genres, emphasis is placed on the social role of journal articles that, as such, accomplish specific communicative functions and are intended for a certain context and audience. Design/methodology/approach - Drawing on this idea, the instructions to authors of the research journals cited in the Journal Citation Reports for each of the three disciplines are analysed. Findings - The information provided by the instructions to authors of major publications in the fields studied allows one to describe the following article genres: major articles, theoretical articles, review articles, short articles, practice-oriented articles, case studies, comment and opinion, and reviews. Research limitations/implications - Results show that article genres reflect the nature of research in each field to the extent that using them to describe items along with topic may improve management and retrieval of scientific documents. In addition, article genres perform specific communicative functions within disciplinary communities, which accounts for both emerging types of articles and variations in traditional types. Originality/value - The paper summarizes the information on article genres available in the instructions to authors of scientific journals in the disciplines of biology, education and software engineering. It attempts to show how results can mirror the nature of research in each field as well as current debates within each discipline on the state and quality of research. Also it shows how article genres convey specific communication needs within disciplinary communities, which proves that genres are social and evolving objects.

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Abstract

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine recent thinking about reference services and library use of virtual reference (VR) software, in order to put into context the value of advanced social networking technologies such as Second Life to libraries and their users. Design/methodology/approach - A brief review of the main developments in the recent history of VR, combined with a comparison of the relevant features in common between generic VR packages and Second Life. Findings - That the key weaknesses of established VR services are also found in Second Life, but that these weaknesses should be readily overcome as technical advances are made and librarians clarify to software providers the type of functionality they require from their services. Research limitations/implications - The need for a higher level of complex authentication functionality, as necessitated when combining digital library subscription services with interactive virtual library environments, is outlined and defined. This is a fertile area for service provider research and development. Practical implications - The practical benefits of VR and Second Life services to libraries will be limited until the authentication issues summarised in this paper are addressed. Originality/value - The paper attempts to enlarge the literature on Second Life by discussing this recent innovation in terms of the broader historical context against which such digital library services have evolved. In particular, it points out the ironic similarity between digital reference environments and declining traditional reference services, which both are disadvantaged by their "distance" from core, authenticated digital library content.

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Date

22. 2.2000 10:25:05

Series

Kölner Arbeitspapiere zur Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft; Bd.22

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Date

22. 7.2000 16:36:09