-
Fieldhouse, M.; Hancock-Beaulieu, M.: ¬The design of a graphical user interface for a highly interactive information retrieval system (1996)
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- Abstract
- Reports on the design of a GUI for the Okapi 'best match' retrieval system developed at the Centre for Interactive Systems Research, City University, UK, for online library catalogues. The X-Windows interface includes an interactive query expansion (IQE) facilty which involves the user in the selection of query terms to reformulate a search. Presents the design rationale, based on a game board metaphor, and describes the features of each of the stages of the search interaction. Reports on the early operational field trial and discusses relevant evaluation issues and objectives
- Source
- Information retrieval: new systems and current research. Proceedings of the 16th Research Colloquium of the British Computer Society Information Retrieval Specialist Group, Drymen, Scotland, 22-23 Mar 94. Ed.: R. Leon
- Theme
- Semantisches Umfeld in Indexierung u. Retrieval
-
Furner, J.: On Recommending (2002)
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- Abstract
- By "recommending'' Furner refers to collaborative filtering where multiple user rankings of items are used to create a single new ranking for a user, or to a system itself generating rankings of items for its users. This would include document retrieval systems as a subset recommending systems in the second instance, but in the first would make document retrieval system and recommending system synonyms. Information seeking actions are classified either as evaluative (determining the worth of an item), recommending (expressing perceived worth), or informative (examining the content of an item). The task of the information retrieval system is to be to predict the particular ordering that the user would specify in a given context, given complete knowledge of the collection. Citations may be considered as the result of evaluative and recommending decisions by the author, and assigned index terms may be considered as the same sort of decisions by the indexer. The selection of relevant documents by a searcher from a list also involves evaluative and recommending decisions. This suggests that searchers should have the opportunity to bring multiple ranking techniques to bear.
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 53(2002) no.9, S.747-763
-
Moscoso, P.: Analisis y evaluacion de catalogos automatizados de acceso publico en entorno Web (1998)
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- Abstract
- Presents the results of an evaluation of the Spanish Web OPACs. A checklist approach was employed to access the interface and searching options. Evaluates main page, labels, text, instructional information, online help and page layout. The data gathered allow for the ranking of the OPACs, as well as the identification of weaknesses in the catalogues
- Footnote
- Übers. d. Titels: Analysis and evaluation of online public access catalogues in the Web
-
Sugano, I.: ¬The study of criteria for evaluating OPACs as information retrieval systems (1996)
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- Abstract
- Most of the criteria proposed to date for the evaluation of OPACs focus on evaluation of their retrieval function. Argues that the storage function is more important because the quality of information retrieval systems is dependent on the quality of stored information as well as the description and depth of indexing of stored information. States that OPACs should therefore be evaluated from the perspectives of both storage and retrieval functions. Examines 4 studies on criteria for evaluating OPACs and suggests a new evaluation framework based on the work of C.R. Hildreth
- Source
- Library and information science. 1996, no.35, S.41-49
-
Whitney , C.; Schiff, L.: ¬The Melvyl Recommender Project : developing library recommendation services (2006)
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- Abstract
- Popular commercial on-line services such as Google, e-Bay, Amazon, and Netflix have evolved quickly over the last decade to help people find what they want, developing information retrieval strategies such as usefully ranked results, spelling correction, and recommender systems. Online library catalogs (OPACs), in contrast, have changed little and are notoriously difficult for patrons to use (University of California Libraries, 2005). Over the past year (June 2005 to the present), the Melvyl Recommender Project (California Digital Library, 2005) has been exploring methods and feasibility of closing the gap between features that library patrons want and have come to expect from information retrieval systems and what libraries are currently equipped to deliver. The project team conducted exploratory work in five topic areas: relevance ranking, auto-correction, use of a text-based discovery system, user interface strategies, and recommending. This article focuses specifically on the recommending portion of the project and potential extensions to that work.
-
Khoo, C.S.G.; Wan, K.-W.: ¬A simple relevancy-ranking strategy for an interface to Boolean OPACs (2004)
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- Abstract
- A relevancy-ranking algorithm for a natural language interface to Boolean online public access catalogs (OPACs) was formulated and compared with that currently used in a knowledge-based search interface called the E-Referencer, being developed by the authors. The algorithm makes use of seven weIl-known ranking criteria: breadth of match, section weighting, proximity of query words, variant word forms (stemming), document frequency, term frequency and document length. The algorithm converts a natural language query into a series of increasingly broader Boolean search statements. In a small experiment with ten subjects in which the algorithm was simulated by hand, the algorithm obtained good results with a mean overall precision of 0.42 and mean average precision of 0.62, representing a 27 percent improvement in precision and 41 percent improvement in average precision compared to the E-Referencer. The usefulness of each step in the algorithm was analyzed and suggestions are made for improving the algorithm.
- Content
- "Most Web search engines accept natural language queries, perform some kind of fuzzy matching and produce ranked output, displaying first the documents that are most likely to be relevant. On the other hand, most library online public access catalogs (OPACs) an the Web are still Boolean retrieval systems that perform exact matching, and require users to express their search requests precisely in a Boolean search language and to refine their search statements to improve the search results. It is well-documented that users have difficulty searching Boolean OPACs effectively (e.g. Borgman, 1996; Ensor, 1992; Wallace, 1993). One approach to making OPACs easier to use is to develop a natural language search interface that acts as a middleware between the user's Web browser and the OPAC system. The search interface can accept a natural language query from the user and reformulate it as a series of Boolean search statements that are then submitted to the OPAC. The records retrieved by the OPAC are ranked by the search interface before forwarding them to the user's Web browser. The user, then, does not need to interact directly with the Boolean OPAC but with the natural language search interface or search intermediary. The search interface interacts with the OPAC system an the user's behalf. The advantage of this approach is that no modification to the OPAC or library system is required. Furthermore, the search interface can access multiple OPACs, acting as a meta search engine, and integrate search results from various OPACs before sending them to the user. The search interface needs to incorporate a method for converting the user's natural language query into a series of Boolean search statements, and for ranking the OPAC records retrieved. The purpose of this study was to develop a relevancyranking algorithm for a search interface to Boolean OPAC systems. This is part of an on-going effort to develop a knowledge-based search interface to OPACs called the E-Referencer (Khoo et al., 1998, 1999; Poo et al., 2000). E-Referencer v. 2 that has been implemented applies a repertoire of initial search strategies and reformulation strategies to retrieve records from OPACs using the Z39.50 protocol, and also assists users in mapping query keywords to the Library of Congress subject headings."
- Source
- Electronic library. 22(2004) no.2, S.112-120
-
Larson, R.R.: Cheshire 2 : design and evaluation of a next-generation online catalog system (1995)
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- Abstract
- The Cheshire 2 project is developing a next generation online catalogue and full text information retrieval system using advanced information retrieval techniques. It is being deployed at the University of California Berkeley Astronomy-Mathematics-Statistics Library, USA, and its use and acceptance is being evaluated using transaction monitoring and questionnaires. Describes the system architecture and user evaluation tools
- Imprint
- Medford, NJ : Learned Information
- Source
- Forging new partnerships in information: converging technologies. Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Information Science, ASIS'95, Chicago, IL, 9-12 October 1995. Ed.: T. Kinney
-
Buckland, M.A.; Norgard, B.A.; Plaunt, C.: Filing, filtering, and the first few found (1993)
0.02
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- Abstract
- Traditionally, card catalogues have been dominated by the alphabetical arrangement of the cataloguing records, since only a single, fixed ordering arrangement can be supported. However, the alphabetical arragement has been carried over to online catalogues, with some unfortunate consequences. Reconsiders alphabetical order in relation to the purposes of catalogues and differences in catalogue technology. Examines document ranking, subset ranking, and adaptive filtering as alternatives in online catalogues to displays of catalogue records in alphabetical order of main entry
- Source
- Information technology and libraries. 12(1993) no.3, S.311-319
-
Beaulieu, M.; Jones, S.: Interactive searching and interface issues in the Okapi best match probabilistic retrieval system (1998)
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- Abstract
- Explores interface design raised by the development and evaluation of Okapi, a highly interactive information retrieval system based on a probabilistic retrieval model with relevance feedback. It uses terms frequency weighting functions to display retrieved items in a best match ranked order; it can also find additional items similar to those marked as relevant by the searcher. Compares the effectiveness of automatic and interactive query expansion in different user interface environments. focuses on the nature of interaction in information retrieval and the interrelationship between functional visibility, the user's cognitive loading and the balance of control between user and system
- Theme
- Semantisches Umfeld in Indexierung u. Retrieval
-
Hert, C.A.; Nilan, M.S.: User-based information retrieval evaluation : an examination of an online public access catalog (1991)
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- Abstract
- Suggests that an appropriate method for evaluating information retrieval systems is to focus on the individual actions users attempts to perform on a system. The evaluation criterion 'degree of match' between attempted actions and actual system commands is one of a series of evaluation measures including perceived measures and summary measures that were investigated. Results indicate that there is the potential for significant improvement of the OPAC's interface, particularly those parts of the interface which concern searching and revision activities
- Imprint
- Medford : Learned Information Inc.
-
O'Brien, A.: Relevance as an aid to evaluation in OPACs (1990)
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- Abstract
- The relevance of retrieved documents or document descriptions has been a central measurement in the evaluation of information retrieval (IR) systems. Online public access catalogues (OPACs) are similar in many ways and so relevance should be an appropriate evaluation tool in measuring their performance. The development of relevance in evaluating IR systems is described and also the important differences between such systems and OPACs. Characteristics of the end-users of both systems are discussed with the conclusion that end-users' motivation and behaviour are as yet not fully understood. The implcations of this is that relevance is a central feature, but only one, of an OPAC user's overall information need
- Source
- Journal of information science. 16(1990), S.265-271
-
Larson, R.R.: Evaluation of advanced retrieval techniques in an experimental online catalog (1992)
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- Abstract
- Research on the use and users of online catalogs conducted in the early 1980s found that subject searches were the most common form of online catalog search. At the same time, many of the problems experienced by online catalog users have been traced to difficulties with the subject access mechanisms of the online catalog. Numerous proposals have been made for methods intended to improve subject access to online catalog records. These commonly involve enhancing the catalog's bibliographic records with additional terms, or incorporating subject authority files or additional thesauri in the database. Another stream of research has concentrated on applying retrieval techniques derived from information retrieval (IR) research to replace the Boolean search methods of conventional online catalog systems. This study describes the results of retrieval tests using a variety of these search methods in the CHESHIRE experimental online catalog system.
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 43(1992), S.34-53
-
Sharma, A.: ¬The Z39.50 information retrieval protocol (1998)
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- Abstract
- Reports results of the work of a new member of the ELINOR project team to review the development taking place in Z39.50 networked information retrieval protocol with a view to bringing the University's electronic library pilot systems, including ELINOR and the online catalogue into a single, unified system. Focuses particularly on the WWW client server environment
- Series
- British Library Research and Innovation Centre (BLRIC) report; 22
-
Groeninger, B.J.J.O.: On-line / off-line interfaces en gebruikers- (on)vriendelijkheid (1993)
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- Abstract
- Modern online information systems have been criticized as being too complicated for the average information seeker. To overcome this problem interfaces have been developed to assist users at all stages of the information transfer process from searching to analysis and evaluation of retrieval data. However, the effectiveness of an interface will depend on the skills of the user. Further development of interfaces will be aided by the use of Windows and mouse controlled systems
-
Walker, S.: ¬The Okapi online catalogue research projects (1989)
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- Date
- 16. 8.1998 11:22:08
- Footnote
- Wiederabgedruckt in: Readings in information retrieval. Ed.: K. Sparck Jones u. P. Willett. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann 1997. S.424-435.
-
Borgman, C.L.; Hirsh, S.G.; Hiller, J.: Rethinking online monitoring methods for information retrieval systems : from search product to search process (1996)
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- Abstract
- Searching information retrieval systems is a highly interactive, iterative process that cannot be understood simply by comparing the output of a search session (the 'search product') to a query stated in advance. In this article, we examine evaluation goals and methods for studying information retrieval behavior, drawing examples from our own research and that of others. We limit our review to research that employs online monitoring, also known as transaction log analysis. Online monitoring is one of few methods that can capture detailed data on the search process at a reasonable cost; these data can be used to build quantitative models or to support qualitative interpretations of quatitative results. Monitoring is a data collection technique rather than a research design, and can be employed in experimental of field studies, whether alone or combined with other data collection methods. Based on the the research questions of interest, the researcher must determine what variables to collect from each data source, which to treat as independent varaibles to manipulate, and which to treat as dependent variables to observe effects. Studies of searching behavior often treat search task and searcher characteristics as independent variables and may manipulate other independent variables specific to the research questions addressed. Search outcomes, time, and search paths frequently are treated as dependent variables. We discuss each of these sets of variables, illustrating them with sample results from the literature and from our own research. Our examples are drawn from the Science Library Catalog project, a 7-year study of children's searching behavior on an experimental retrieval system. We close with a brief discussion of the implications of these results for the design of information retrieval systems
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 47(1996) no.7, S.568-583
-
Hancock-Beaulieu, M.: Searching behaviour and the evaluation of online catalogues (1991)
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- Abstract
- Presents a brief report on a study, carried out by the Centre for Interactive Systems Research, City University, to investigate the techniques used for evaluating OPACs: to explore and assess different data gathering methods in studying information seeking behaviour at the on-line catalogue; and to examine how a transaction logging facility could be enhanced to serve as a more effective diagnostic tool. For a full report see British Library research paper 78
- Pages
- S.20-22
-
Croucher, C.: Problems of subject access : user studies and interface design (1986)
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- Abstract
- A research project at Middlesex Polytechnic is examning the problems of subject access in an OPAC. A series of user studies have been carried out which examined students' use of existing catalogue facilities, which in turn led to the experimental evaluation of various interface designs for an online catalogue. The experiments were primarily concerned with the effect of the following variables on the speed and accuracy of retrieval of specific items, the use of colour, the speed of presentation of information, the amount of information on a screen, the paging and scrolling of information, the position of a sought item within a list
-
Lewandowski, D.: How can library materials be ranked in the OPAC? (2009)
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- Abstract
- Some Online Public Access Catalogues offer a ranking component. However, ranking there is merely text-based and is doomed to fail due to limited text in bibliographic data. The main assumption for the talk is that we are in a situation where the appropriate ranking factors for OPACs should be defined, while the implementation is no major problem. We must define what we want, and not so much focus on the technical work. Some deep thinking is necessary on the "perfect results set" and how we can achieve it through ranking. The talk presents a set of potential ranking factors and clustering possibilities for further discussion. A look at commercial Web search engines could provide us with ideas how ranking can be improved with additional factors. Search engines are way beyond pure text-based ranking and apply ranking factors in the groups like popularity, freshness, personalisation, etc. The talk describes the main factors used in search engines and how derivatives of these could be used for libraries' purposes. The goal of ranking is to provide the user with the best-suitable results on top of the results list. How can this goal be achieved with the library catalogue and also concerning the library's different collections and databases? The assumption is that ranking of such materials is a complex problem and is yet nowhere near solved. Libraries should focus on ranking to improve user experience.
-
Pu, H.-T.: Exploration of personalized information service for OPAC (1997)
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- Abstract
- Library OPACs have long been the gateways between users and information. They present to users the achievements of library automation, and are the most widely available automated retrieval systems and the first that many user encounter. Current trends in OPAC design are toward a user oriented, individual information service which can meet the different needs of users with a variety of background and interests. Compared with the rather inactive, short term and general information service of conventional systems, this type of system focuses on active, long term and personalized service. Proposes a framework for the design of such an OPAC and discusses some recent developments in personalized information service
- Date
- 4. 8.1998 19:36:22
