Search (11 results, page 1 of 1)

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Date

23.10.1996 17:26:29

Source

Bibliothek: Forschung und Praxis. 22(1998) H.3, S.344-353

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Date

29. 1.1997 18:49:05

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Date

29. 1.1997 18:49:05

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Pages

22 S

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Date

29. 1.1997 18:49:05

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Date

23.10.1996 17:26:29

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Abstract

Um die philosophische Hermeneutik ist es still geworden. Sie war einer der großen Entwürfe des 20. Jahrhunderts mit Wurzeln im Idealismus des ausgehenden 19. Jahrhunderts. Was bedeutet einen Text, eine Aussage oder ein Bild verstehen? Was bedeutet ein geschichtliches Ereignis oder das Leben eines Menschen verstehen`? Wie kann man die Kultur einer ganzen Epoche verstehen? Wie lassen sich Naturvorgänge verstehen? Und wie versteht man technische Erfindungen? Hermeneutik als Lehre vom Verstehen hat es zunächst mit dem eigenen Selbstverständnis zu tun. Das ist sozusagen ihr philosophisches Markenzeichen. Wenn man mit etwas konfrontiert wird, was man nicht versteht - und damit werden wir in der digital vernetzten Welt täglich konfrontiert -, ergibt sich die Frage nach dem Verstehen von Verstehen fast von selbst. Was heißt etwas "nicht verstehen"? Nehmen wir an. der Leser dieser Zeilen versteht nicht, was Hermeneutik überhaupt besagt und warum im Nachwort zu einem Buch über Semantic Web die Rede davon sein soll. Oder umgekehrt: Jemand, der glaubt, genau zu wissen, was Hermeneutik bedeutet, kann mit dem Begriff Semantic Web nichts anfangen und hält deshalb ein solches Nachwort für irreführend. Beide potentielle Leser haben ein Problem: Sollte man sich auf das Unbekannte einlassen und Zeit und Mühe aufwenden, um etwas Neues und scheinbar Relevantes zu verstehen? Jemand der mit beiden Begriffen nichts anfangen kann, wird vermutlich dieses Nachwort nicht lesen, denn man liest nur das, worüber man glaubt, einigermaßen etwas zu verstehen, in der Erwartung etwas zu finden, was man vorher nicht wusste.

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Date

29. 1.1997 18:49:05

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Date

29. 1.1997 18:49:05

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Date

29. 1.1997 18:49:05

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Abstract

The concept of information as we use it in everyday English, in the sense of knowledge communicated, plays a central role in contemporary society. The development and widespread use of computer networks since the end of World War II, and the emergence of information science as a discipline in the 1950s, are evidence of this focus. Although knowledge and its communication are basic phenomena of every human society, it is the rise of information technology and its global impacts that characterize ours as an information society. It is commonplace to consider information as a basic condition for economic development together with capital, labor, and raw material; but what makes information especially significant at present is its digital nature. The impact of information technology an the natural and social sciences in particular has made this everyday notion a highly controversial concept. Claude Shannon's (1948) "A Mathematical Theory of Communication" is a landmark work, referring to the common use of information with its semantic and pragmatic dimensions, while at the same time redefining the concept within an engineering framework. The fact that the concept of knowledge communication has been designated by the word information seems, prima facie, a linguistic happenstance. For a science like information science (IS), it is of course important how fundamental terms are defined; and in IS, as in other fields, the question of how to define information is often raised. This chapter is an attempt to review the status of the concept of information in IS, with reference also to interdisciplinary trends. In scientific discourse, theoretical concepts are not true or false elements or glimpses of some element of reality; rather, they are constructions designed to do a job in the best possible way. Different conceptions of fundamental terms like information are thus more or less fruitful, depending an the theories (and in the end, the practical actions) they are expected to support. In the opening section, we discuss the problem of defining terms from the perspective of the philosophy of science. The history of a word provides us with anecdotes that are tangential to the concept itself. But in our case, the use of the word information points to a specific perspective from which the concept of knowledge communication has been defined. This perspective includes such characteristics as novelty and relevante; i.e., it refers to the process of knowledge transformation, and particularly to selection and interpretation within a specific context. The discussion leads to the questions of why and when this meaning was designated with the word information. We will explore this history, and we believe that our results may help readers better understand the complexity of the concept with regard to its scientific definitions.