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  • × subject_ss:"Consciousness"
  1. Chalmers, D.J.: ¬The conscious mind : in search of a fundamental theory (1996) 0.03 
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    RSWK
    Geist / Bewusstsein / Leib-Seele-Problem
    Subject
    Geist / Bewusstsein / Leib-Seele-Problem
  2. Roth, G.: ¬Das Gehirn und seine Wirklichkeit : kognitive Neurobiologie und ihre philosophischen Konsequenzen (1994) 0.02 
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    RSWK
    Leib-Seele-Problem (BVB)
    Subject
    Leib-Seele-Problem (BVB)
  3. Koch, C.: Consciousness : confessions of a romantic reductionist (2012) 0.02 
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    Content
    In which I introduce the ancient mind-body problem, explain why I am on a quest to use reason and empirical inquiry to solve it, acquaint you with Francis Crick, explain how he relates to this quest, make a confession, and end on a sad note -- In which I write about the wellsprings of my inner conflict between religion and reason, why I grew up wanting to be a scientist, why I wear a lapel pin of Professor Calculus, and how I acquired a second mentor late in life -- In which I explain why consciousness challenges the scientific view of the world, how consciousness can be investigated empirically with both feet firmly planted on the ground, why animals share consciousness with humans, and why self-consciousness is not as important as many people think it is -- In which you hear tales of scientist-magicians that make you look but not see, how they track the footprints of consciousness by peering into your skull, why you don't see with your eyes, and why attention and consciousness are not the same -- In which you learn from neurologists and neurosurgeons that some neurons care a great deal about celebrities, that cutting the cerebral cortex in two does not reduce consciousness by half, that color is leached from the world by the loss of a small cortical region, and that the destruction of a sugar cube-sized chunk of brain stem or thalamic tissue leaves you undead -- In which I defend two propositions that my younger self found nonsense--you are unaware of most of the things that go on in your head, and zombie agents control much of your life, even though you confidently believe that you are in charge -- In which I throw caution to the wind, bring up free will, Der ring des Nibelungen, and what physics says about determinism, explain the impoverished ability of your mind to choose, show that your will lags behind your brain's decision, and that freedom is just another word for feeling -- In which I argue that consciousness is a fundamental property of complex things, rhapsodize about integrated information theory, how it explains many puzzling facts about consciousness and provides a blueprint for building sentient machines -- In which I outline an electromagnetic gadget to measure consciousness, describe efforts to harness the power of genetic engineering to track consciousness in mice, and find myself building cortical observatories -- In which I muse about final matters considered off-limits to polite scientific discourse: to wit, the relationship between science and religion, the existence of God, whether this God can intervene in the universe, the death of my mentor, and my recent tribulations.
    Footnote
    Rez. in: The New York Review of Books, 10.01.2013 ( J. Searle): "The problem of consciousness remains with us. What exactly is it and why is it still with us? The single most important question is: How exactly do neurobiological processes in the brain cause human and animal consciousness? Related problems are: How exactly is consciousness realized in the brain? That is, where is it and how does it exist in the brain? Also, how does it function causally in our behavior? To answer these questions we have to ask: What is it? Without attempting an elaborate definition, we can say the central feature of consciousness is that for any conscious state there is something that it feels like to be in that state, some qualitative character to the state. For example, the qualitative character of drinking beer is different from that of listening to music or thinking about your income tax. This qualitative character is subjective in that it only exists as experienced by a human or animal subject. It has a subjective or first-person existence (or "ontology"), unlike mountains, molecules, and tectonic plates that have an objective or third-person existence. Furthermore, qualitative subjectivity always comes to us as part of a unified conscious field. At any moment you do not just experience the sound of the music and the taste of the beer, but you have both as part of a single, unified conscious field, a subjective awareness of the total conscious experience. So the feature we are trying to explain is qualitative, unified subjectivity.
    RSWK
    Bewusstsein / Willensfreiheit / Leib-Seele-Problem / Neurowissenschaftler / Erlebnisbericht 1990-2010
    Koch, Christof *1956-* / Bewusstsein / Willensfreiheit / Leib-Seele-Problem / Neurowissenschaften / Autobiographie
    Subject
    Bewusstsein / Willensfreiheit / Leib-Seele-Problem / Neurowissenschaftler / Erlebnisbericht 1990-2010
    Koch, Christof *1956-* / Bewusstsein / Willensfreiheit / Leib-Seele-Problem / Neurowissenschaften / Autobiographie
  4. Koch, C.: Bewusstsein : ein neurobiologisches Rätsel (2005) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Das Bewusstsein ist eines der letzten großen ungelösten Rätsel der Wissenschaft - und sicherlich das größte der Biologie. Wir können den salzigen Geschmack von Kartoffel-Chips spüren, den unverkennbaren Geruch von Hunden wahrnehmen, wenn sie im Regen waren, und kennen das besondere Gefühl, wenn man nur an den Fingerkuppen hängend viele Meter über dem sicheren Boden in einer Felswand klettert. Wie können diese Eindrücke aus den Neuronen und den mit ihnen assoziierten Synapsen und molekularen Prozessen entstehen? Die Frage nach dem Bewusstsein hat die Ideen von Philosophen, Wissenschaftlern, Ingenieuren und den denkenden Menschen generell beflügelt. Was ist Bewusstsein? Wie passt es sich ein in unser Universum? Wozu ist es Nütze? Kommt es nur beim Menschen vor? Warum laufen so viele unserer tagtäglichen Handlungen bewusst ab? Antworten auf diese Fragen werden ein neues Bild kreieren, was es bedeutet, ein Mensch zu sein. In diesem Sachbuch, das aufgrund seines Schreibstils - ein Glossar erläutert die Fachausdrücke - für den interessierten Menschen mit Grips ebenso geeignet ist wie - aufgrund der exakten Literaturhinweise - für den Wissenschaftler oder Studenten, ergründet Christof Koch, einer der international renommiertesten Forscher in der Bewusstseins-Forschung, die der subjektiven Wahrnehmung von Mensch und Tier zugrunde liegende biologische Grundlage. Er erklärt das Gedankengerüst, das er und Francis Crick entwickelt haben, um das alte Leib-Seele-Problem zu verstehen. Das Herzstück dieses Gerüstes ist ein tragender Ansatz, die neuronalen Korrelate des Bewusstseins zu entdecken und zu charakterisieren, feine, flackernde Muster von Gehirnaktivität, die wirklich jeder bewussten Erfahrung zugrunde liegen. Ausgehend von umfangreichen anatomischen, physiologischen, klinischen, psychologischen und philosophischen Ansätzen und Daten umreißt dieses anspruchsvolle Sachbuch die wissenschaftliche Grundlage von Bewusstsein, zeigt die Grenzen unseres Wissens auf und beschreibt Versuche, die durchgeführt werden müssen, um dieses Rätsel erfolgreich abzuschließen.
  5. Hofstadter, D.R.: I am a strange loop (2007) 0.00 
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    Footnote
    Rez. in Spektrum der Wissenschaft 2007, H.9, S.93-94 (M.Gardner): "Unser Gehirn enthält einige hundert Mil-liarden Neuronen mit zehntausendmal so vielen Verbindungen zwischen ihnen. Durch welch unglaubliche Zauberei wird dieses Gewirr von Fäden seiner selbst bewusst, fähig, Liebe und Hass zu empfinden, Romane und Sinfonien zu schreiben, Lust und Schmerz zu fühlen und sich aus freiem Willen für Gut oder Böse zu entscheiden? Der australische Philosoph David Chalmers hat die Erklärung des Bewusstseins »das schwere Problem» genannt. Das leichte Problem ist, Unbewusstes wie Atmen, Verdauen, Gehen, Wahrnehmen und tausend andere Dinge zu verstehen. An dem schweren beißen sich Philosophen, Psychologen und Neurowissenschaftler zurzeit bevorzugt die Zähne aus und produzieren tausende Bücher. Ein aktuelles stammt von Douglas R. Hofstadter, Professor für Kognitionswissenschaft an der Universität von Indiana in Bloomington, der vor allem durch sein preisgekröntes Buch »Gödel, Escher, Bach» bekannt geworden ist. Sein neues Werk, so genial und provokant wie seine Vorgänger, ist eine bunte Mischung aus Spekulationen und Geschichten aus seinem Leben. Ein ganzes Kapitel ist einer persönlichen Tragödie gewidmet, die Hofstadter bis heute zu verarbeiten versucht: Im Dezember 1993 starb seine Frau Carol im Alter von 42 Jahren plötzlich an einem Hirntumor. In der Vorstellung von einem Leben nach dem Tod kann er keinen Trost finden; so bleibt ihm nur die Gewissheit, dass Carol in den Erinnerungen derer, die sie kannten und liebten, weiterleben wird - zumindest für eine gewisse Zeit.
    Die Murmel liefert das Hauptthema des Buchs. Die Seele, das Ich, ist eine Illusion. Es ist eine »seltsame Schleife« (a strange loop), die ihrerseits von einer Unzahl von Schleifen auf einem niedrigeren Niveau erzeugt wird. So kommt es, dass der Klumpen Materie innerhalb unseres Schädels nicht nur sich selbst beobachtet, sondern sich dessen auch bewusst ist. Seltsame, genauer: selbstbezügliche Schleifen faszinieren Hofstadter seit jeher. Er sieht sie überall. Sie sind das Herzstück von Gödels berühmtem Unbeweisbarkeitssatz. Sie lauern in den »Principia Mathematica« von Russell und Whitehead, stets bereit, die Fundamente der Mathematik zu untergraben. Ihre kürzeste Form sind logische Paradoxa wie »Dieser Satz ist falsch« oder die Karte, auf deren einer Seite steht »Der Satz auf der Rückseite ist wahr« und auf der anderen »Der Satz auf der Rückseite ist falsch«. In Kapitel 21 führt er ein verstörendes Gedankenexperiment ein, das auch Thema zahlreicher Sciencefiction-Geschichten ist: Ein Mann wird, wie in »Raumschiff Enterprise«, auf einen fremden Planeten und zurück gebeamt, indem eine Maschine ihn Molekül für Molekül abscannt und die Information an den Zielort übermittelt, wo sie zur Herstellung einer exakten Kopie dieses Menschen dient. Wenn dabei das Original zerstört wird, entsteht kein philosophisches Problem. Wenn es aber erhalten bleibt - oder mit derselben Information zwei Kopien hergestellt werden -, entsteht ein Paar identischer Zwillinge mit identischen Erinnerungen. Ist der so gebeamte Mensch derselbe wie das Original oder ein anderer?
  6. Cole, C.: ¬The consciousness' drive : information need and the search for meaning (2018) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    What is the uniquely human factor in finding and using information to produce new knowledge? Is there an underlying aspect of our thinking that cannot be imitated by the AI-equipped machines that will increasingly dominate our lives? This book answers these questions, and tells us about our consciousness - its drive or intention in seeking information in the world around us, and how we are able to construct new knowledge from this information. The book is divided into three parts, each with an introduction and a conclusion that relate the theories and models presented to the real-world experience of someone using a search engine. First, Part I defines the exceptionality of human consciousness and its need for new information and how, uniquely among all other species, we frame our interactions with the world. Part II then investigates the problem of finding our real information need during information searches, and how our exceptional ability to frame our interactions with the world blocks us from finding the information we really need. Lastly, Part III details the solution to this framing problem and its operational implications for search engine design for everyone whose objective is the production of new knowledge. In this book, Charles Cole deliberately writes in a conversational style for a broader readership, keeping references to research material to the bare minimum. Replicating the structure of a detective novel, he builds his arguments towards a climax at the end of the book. For our video-game, video-on-demand times, he has visualized the ideas that form the book's thesis in over 90 original diagrams. And above all, he establishes a link between information need and knowledge production in evolutionary psychology, and thus bases his arguments in our origins as a species: how we humans naturally think, and how we naturally search for new information because our consciousness drives us to need it.
  7. Libet, B.: Mind Time : Wie das Gehirn Bewusstsein produziert (2005) 0.00 
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    Content
    Enthält die Kapitel: 1. Einführung in das Problem 2. Die zeitliche Verzögerung unseres sensorischen Bewusstseins 3. Unbewusste und bewusste geistige Funktionen 4. Handlungsabsicht: Haben wir einen freien Willen? 5. Die Theorie des bewussten mentalen Feldes: Wie aus dem Körper Geist entsteht 6. Was bedeutet das alles?

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