-
Gratch, B.; Settel, B.; Atherton, P.: Characteristics of book indexes for subject retrieval in the humanities and social sciences (1978)
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- Source
- Indexer. 11(1978), S.14-22
-
Wool, G.: Filing and precoordination : how subject headings are displayed in online catalogs and why it matters (2000)
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- Abstract
- Library of Congress Subjecl Headings retrieved as the results of a search in an online catalog are likely to be filed in straight alphabetical, word-by-word order, ignoring the semantic structures of these headings and scattering headings of a similar type. This practice makes LC headings unnecessarily difficult to use and negates much of their indexing power. Enthusiasm for filing simplicity and postcoordinate indexing are likely contributing factors to this phenomenon. Since the report Headings for Tomorrow (1992) first raised this issue, filing practices favoring postcoordination over precoordination appear to have become more widespread and more entrenched
- Theme
- Verbale Doksprachen im Online-Retrieval
-
Luhn, H.P.: Keyword-in-context index for technical literature (1985)
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- Abstract
- In the optimistic 1960s the potential of the computer seemed limitless. The realization of this potential in the area of information retrieval and dissemination owes much to the creative mind of Hans Peter Luhn. A pioneer of information science, he had a mind and an imagination that could transcend the state of the art. Luhn was born in Germany, where he studied technology, physics, and accounting. He came to the United States in 1924 and in 1941, at the age of 45, he joined IBM. In the course of his twenty-year tenure at IBM, he was issued over eighty patents; at one time he held more than any other IBM employee. Luhn is credited with originating KWIC indexes, computer selective dissemination systems (SDI), computer coding schemes, and statistical techniques for automatic indexing and abstracting. Also attributed to him is the first modern use of the word "thesaurus." The selection that follows modestly presents the idea of a Keyword in Context (KWIC) index. This is the idea of automatically identifying significant or "key" words and highlighting them in context. The context in question was normally a title. Though title term or catchword indexing had been practiced for over one hundred years, the implementation of the idea in mechanized systems in the 1960s was not trivial. It required programming the computer to recognize word boundaries and then developing a means for automatically differentiating significant from nonsignificant words. Spaces were used to demarcate word boundaries and a stop list, consisting of articles, conjunctions, prepositions, auxiliary verbs, some adjectives, and some very common words, was used to differentiate significant from nonsignificant words. A difficulty with any automatic indexing limited to extracting single words from texts is the semantic indeterminancy of the extracted character strings. To disambiguate these, Luhn adopted the concordance idea, proposing to display them in the context of their titles. Specifying the meaning of an index term by couching it in "context," anticipated the later development of string index languages such as PRECIS (PREserved Context Index System). Although the selection that follows is quite short, it presents, in addition to the idea of KWIC, what at the time were two innovative ideas. One is the distinction between the dissemination and the retrieval of information, in regard to which Luhn makes a point sometimes overlooked by modern critics of KWIC. This is that different purposes require different kinds of indexes; an index that is used to disseminate information for current awareness need not be as "perfect" as one used for retrospective information retrieval. The need to alert researchers to current information quickly, and the somewhat transitory character of this information, make KWIC, albeit quick and dirty, a costeffective alternative for dissemination indexes. The second harbinger idea is a method of uniquely identifying documents for retrieval using an identification code comprising the initial characters from a document's author, title, and - interestingly - year of publication. Luhn's mind was fertile indeed and he is aptly called a pioneer of information science.
-
Hert, C.A.; Jacob, E.K.; Dawson, P.: ¬A usability assessment of online indexing structures in the networked environment (2000)
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- Abstract
- Usability of Web sites has become an increasingly important area of research as Web sites proliferate and problems with use are noted. Generally, aspects of Web sites that have been investigated focus on such areas as overall design and navigation. The exploratory study reported on here investigates one specific component of a Web site-the index structure. By employing index usability metrics developed by Liddy and Jörgensen (1993; Jörgensen & Liddy, 1996) and modified to accommodate a hypertext environment, the study compared the effectiveness and efficiency of 20 subjects who used one existing index (the A-Z index on the FedStats Web site at http://www.fedstats.gov) and three experimental variants to complete five researcher-generated tasks. User satisfaction with the indexes was also evaluated. The findings indicate that a hypertext index with multiple access points for each concept, all linked to the same resource, led to greater effectiveness and efficiency of retrieval on almost all measures. Satisfaction measures were more variable. The study offers insight into potential improvements in the design of Web-based indexes and provides preliminary assessment of the validity of the measures employed
-
Dextre Clarke, S.G.: Evolution towards ISO 25964 : an international standard with guidelines for thesauri and other types of controlled vocabulary (2007)
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- Abstract
- Die geschichtliche Entwicklung von ISO 2788: Documentation - Guidelines for the establishment and development of monolingual thesauri und ISO 5964: Documentation - Guidelines for the establishment and development of multilingual thesauri wird kurz beschrieben. 2001 begann die Arbeit an der Entwicklung von BS 8723: Structured Vocabularies for Information Retrieval - Guide, einer fünfteiligen Norm, die konzipiert wurde, um die internationalen Normen zu aktualisieren, insbesondere mit Hinblick auf Interoperabilität. Der Verfahrensablauf zur Übernahme von BS 8723 als internationale Norm hat begonnen.
- Date
- 8.12.2007 19:25:22
-
Holbert, S.: How to index Windows-based online help (2000)
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- Abstract
- Today, more and more software packages come with online documentation. Some have complete manuals as well. Others have basic documentation on paper and more advanced information online. I recently purchased a computer that came with 20 software programs and not one page of written documentation. More and more, users have to find information by searching online. Most documentation teams focus on writing and ignore the problems of information retrieval, making information in printed documents difficult to find, and online information impossible to find. With online Help, you cannot browse the documentation. You cannot even browse more than a couple of inches of the index at a time. If online users do not get superb guidance into the jungle of online Help, they go away like the hero of Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness, saying "Oh, the horror! The horror!" How does an online Help index work? The following examples are based on the Windows 95 Help-type system, but do not represent actual Help screens
- Issue
- Beyond book indexing: how to get started in Web indexing, embedded indexing and other computer-based media. Ed. by D. Brenner u. M. Rowland.
-
Armitage, J.E.; Lynch, M.F.: Some structural characteristics of articulated subject indexes (1968)
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- Source
- Information storage and retrieval. 4(1968) no.2, S.101-111
-
Anderson, J.D.: Indexing, teaching of, See: Information retrieval design (2002)
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-
Bennion, B.C.: Performance testing of a book and its index as an information retrieval system (1980)
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-
Z39.4-199X: Indexes and related information retrieval devices (1993)
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-
Stelmach, M.: ¬The application of index entries to search and retrieval of books and book content (1999)
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-
Walker, D.: Web indexing prize 1997 (1998)
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- Abstract
- Briefly describes the 20 entries to the 1997 AusSI web indexing prize, with a discussion of trends in web and online indexing
-
Craven, T.C.: Adapting of string indexing systems for retrieval using proximity operators (1988)
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- Abstract
- This article explores the idea of using a conventional string indexing source description, together with a special phrase generator, to generate multiple descriptor phrases for inclusion in a database record for online retrieval. For use with proximity operators, these multiple descriptor phrases should attempt to meet such objectives as bringing together groups of syntactically related words. Software for generating multiple descriptor phrases from source descriptions in a specific existing string indexing system is briefly described
-
Parsons, J.: Finding your way around the information maze : indexes as a signpost to information retrieval (1992)
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- Abstract
- Consideration of some of the choices for computerization of indexes, including word processing, records administration systems, and text-retrieval packages. Some of the general concepts relating to indexes are also covered, including various approaches to indexing such as subject, word, and hierarchical indexing, and the use of coordinated themes. The options available within each type of computerization of indexing are also specified
-
Broccoli, K.; Ravenswaay, G.V.: Web indexing : anchors away! (2000)
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- Abstract
- In this chapter we turn to embedded indexing for the Internet, frequently called Web indexing. We will define Web indexes; describe the structure of entries for Web indexes; present some of the challenges that Web indexers face; and compare Web indexes to search engines. One of the difficulties in defining Web indexes is their relative newness. The first pages were placed on the World Wide Web in 1991 when Tim Berners Lee, its founder, uploaded four files. We are in a period of transition, moving from using well-established forms of writing and communications to others that are still in their infancy. Paramount among these is the Web. For indexers, this is an uncharted voyage where we must jettison firmly established ideas while developing new ones. Where the voyage will end is anyone's guess.
- Issue
- Beyond book indexing: how to get started in Web indexing, embedded indexing and other computer-based media. Ed. by D. Brenner u. M. Rowland.
-
Ross, J.: ¬The impact of technology on indexing (2000)
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- Source
- Indexer. 22(2000) no.1, S.25-26
-
Walker, A.: Indexing commonplace books : John Locke's method (2001)
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- Source
- Indexer. 22(2001) no.3, S.14-18
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Crystal, D.: Quote index unquote (2000)
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- Source
- Indexer. 22(2000) no.1, S.14-20
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Matthews, D.: Indexing published letters (2001)
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- Source
- Indexer. 22(2001) no.3, S.135-141
-
Rowland, M.J.: Plunging in : creating a Web site index for an online newsletter (2000)
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- Abstract
- Creating an online index for a Web site is not a job for the timid. Those contemplating this form of Web indexing should already be accomplished indexers and should have strong experience in Web page creation. Knowledge of HTML is essential. In fact, depending on the nature of a Web indexing job, you may find that it requires more HTML knowledge than indexing skill. Like embedded indexing, Web site indexing is far more work than traditional indexing: the choice of terms is constrained, and the indexing process itself is slower and more challenging. Entries must be carefully chosen because the editing process can be tedious and time-consuming, sometimes more time-consuming than making the original entries. Hypertext links and anchors must be added, and the index itself must be tested to make sure that links work as intended. Adequate compensation for your project is imperative. Web indexing does have its rewards, though, especially for indexers who are intrigued by the Web and Web page design, for those who like a challenge, and, of course, for those who like to have their work online for all the world to see. This article provides a look at the process of creating a Web index for an online newsletter. It is also applicable to other forms of Web site indexing, and should give the beginning Web site indexer an idea of what to expect on that first job
- Issue
- Beyond book indexing: how to get started in Web indexing, embedded indexing and other computer-based media. Ed. by D. Brenner u. M. Rowland.
