Search (365 results, page 1 of 19)

  • × theme_ss:"Wissensrepräsentation"
  1. Zeng, Q.; Yu, M.; Yu, W.; Xiong, J.; Shi, Y.; Jiang, M.: Faceted hierarchy : a new graph type to organize scientific concepts and a construction method (2019) 0.45 
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    Content
    Vgl.: https%3A%2F%2Faclanthology.org%2FD19-5317.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0ZZFyq5wWTtNTvNkrvjlGA.
  2. Stojanovic, N.: Ontology-based Information Retrieval : methods and tools for cooperative query answering (2005) 0.42 
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    Abstract
    By the explosion of possibilities for a ubiquitous content production, the information overload problem reaches the level of complexity which cannot be managed by traditional modelling approaches anymore. Due to their pure syntactical nature traditional information retrieval approaches did not succeed in treating content itself (i.e. its meaning, and not its representation). This leads to a very low usefulness of the results of a retrieval process for a user's task at hand. In the last ten years ontologies have been emerged from an interesting conceptualisation paradigm to a very promising (semantic) modelling technology, especially in the context of the Semantic Web. From the information retrieval point of view, ontologies enable a machine-understandable form of content description, such that the retrieval process can be driven by the meaning of the content. However, the very ambiguous nature of the retrieval process in which a user, due to the unfamiliarity with the underlying repository and/or query syntax, just approximates his information need in a query, implies a necessity to include the user in the retrieval process more actively in order to close the gap between the meaning of the content and the meaning of a user's query (i.e. his information need). This thesis lays foundation for such an ontology-based interactive retrieval process, in which the retrieval system interacts with a user in order to conceptually interpret the meaning of his query, whereas the underlying domain ontology drives the conceptualisation process. In that way the retrieval process evolves from a query evaluation process into a highly interactive cooperation between a user and the retrieval system, in which the system tries to anticipate the user's information need and to deliver the relevant content proactively. Moreover, the notion of content relevance for a user's query evolves from a content dependent artefact to the multidimensional context-dependent structure, strongly influenced by the user's preferences. This cooperation process is realized as the so-called Librarian Agent Query Refinement Process. In order to clarify the impact of an ontology on the retrieval process (regarding its complexity and quality), a set of methods and tools for different levels of content and query formalisation is developed, ranging from pure ontology-based inferencing to keyword-based querying in which semantics automatically emerges from the results. Our evaluation studies have shown that the possibilities to conceptualize a user's information need in the right manner and to interpret the retrieval results accordingly are key issues for realizing much more meaningful information retrieval systems.
    Content
    Vgl.: http%3A%2F%2Fdigbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de%2Fvolltexte%2Fdocuments%2F1627&ei=tAtYUYrBNoHKtQb3l4GYBw&usg=AFQjCNHeaxKkKU3-u54LWxMNYGXaaDLCGw&sig2=8WykXWQoDKjDSdGtAakH2Q&bvm=bv.44442042,d.Yms.
    Theme
    Semantic Web
  3. Xiong, C.: Knowledge based text representations for information retrieval (2016) 0.41 
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    Content
    Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Language and Information Technologies. Vgl.: https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cs.cmu.edu%2F~cx%2Fpapers%2Fknowledge_based_text_representation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0SaTSvhWLTh__Uz_HtOtl3.
  4. Innovations and advanced techniques in systems, computing sciences and software engineering (2008) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    Innovations and Advanced Techniques in Systems, Computing Sciences and Software Engineering includes a set of rigorously reviewed world-class manuscripts addressing and detailing state-of-the-art research projects in the areas of Computer Science, Software Engineering, Computer Engineering, and Systems Engineering and Sciences. Innovations and Advanced Techniques in Systems, Computing Sciences and Software Engineering includes selected papers form the conference proceedings of the International Conference on Systems, Computing Sciences and Software Engineering (SCSS 2007) which was part of the International Joint Conferences on Computer, Information and Systems Sciences and Engineering (CISSE 2007).
    Content
    Inhalt: Image and Pattern Recognition: Compression, Image processing, Signal Processing Architectures, Signal Processing for Communication, Signal Processing Implementation, Speech Compression, and Video Coding Architectures. Languages and Systems: Algorithms, Databases, Embedded Systems and Applications, File Systems and I/O, Geographical Information Systems, Kernel and OS Structures, Knowledge Based Systems, Modeling and Simulation, Object Based Software Engineering, Programming Languages, and Programming Models and tools. Parallel Processing: Distributed Scheduling, Multiprocessing, Real-time Systems, Simulation Modeling and Development, and Web Applications. New trends in computing: Computers for People of Special Needs, Fuzzy Inference, Human Computer Interaction, Incremental Learning, Internet-based Computing Models, Machine Intelligence, Natural Language Processing, Neural Networks, and Online Decision Support System
    LCSH
    Software Engineering/Programming and Operating Systems
    Software engineering
    RSWK
    Computerarchitektur / Software Engineering / Telekommunikation / Online-Publikation
    Subject
    Computerarchitektur / Software Engineering / Telekommunikation / Online-Publikation
    Software Engineering/Programming and Operating Systems
    Software engineering
  5. Semantic Media Wiki : Autoren sollen Wiki-Inhalte erschließen (2006) 0.02 
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    Content
    "Mit einer semantischen Erweiterung der Software MediaWiki ist es dem Forschungsteam Wissensmanagement des Instituts für Angewandte Informatik und Formale Beschreibungsverfahren (AIFB) der Universität Karlsruhe (TH) gelungen, das Interesse der internationalen Fachwelt auf sich zu ziehen. Die jungen Forscher Denny Vrandecic und Markus Krötzsch aus dem Team von Professor Dr. Rudi Studer machen die Inhalte von Websites, die mit MediaWiki geschrieben sind, für Maschinen besser auswertbar. Ihr Konzept zur besseren Erschließung der Inhalte geht allerdings nur auf, wenn die Wiki-Autoren aktiv mitarbeiten. Die Karlsruher Forscher setzen auf eine Kombination aus sozialer und technischer Lösung: Sie hoffen, dass sich auf der Basis ihrer Wiki-PlugIn-Software "Semantic MediaWiki" eine Art kollektive Indexierung der Wiki-Artikel durch die Autoren entwickelt - und ernten für diese Idee viel Beifall. Semantic MediaWiki wird bereits auf mehreren Websites mit begrenztem Datenvolumen erfolgreich eingesetzt, unter anderen zur Erschließung der Bibel-Inhalte (URLs siehe Kasten). Nun testen die Karlsruher Forscher, ob ihr Programm auch den gigantischen Volumenanforderungen der freien Web-Enzyklopädie Wikipedia gewachsen ist. Die Wikimedia Foundation Inc., Betreiber von Wikipedia, stellt ihnen für den Test rund 50 Gigabyte Inhalt der englischen Wikipedia-Ausgabe zur Verfügung und hat Interesse an einer Zusammenarbeit signalisiert. Semantic MediaWiki steht als Open Source Software (PHP) auf der Website Sourceforge zur Verfügung. Semantic MediaWiki ist ein relativ einfach zu bedienendes Werkzeug, welches auf leistungsstarken semantischen Wissensmanagement-Technologien aufbaut. Die Autoren können mit dem Werkzeug die Querverweise (Links), die sie in ihrem Text als Weiterleitung zu Hintergrundinformationen angeben, bei der Eingabe als Link eines bestimmten Typs kennzeichnen (typed links) und Zahlenangaben und Fakten im Text als Attribute (attributes) markieren. Bei dem Eintrag zu "Ägypten" steht dann zum Bespiel der typisierte Link "[[ist Land von::Afrika]]" / "[[is country of::africa]]", ein Attribut könnte "[[Bevölkerung:=76,000,000]]" / "[[population:=76,000,000]]" sein. Die von den Autoren erzeugten, typisierten Links werden in einer Datenbank als Dreier-Bezugsgruppen (Triple) abgelegt; die gekennzeichneten Attribute als feststehende Werte gespeichert. Die Autoren können die Relationen zur Definition der Beziehungen zwischen den verlinkten Begriffen frei wählen, z.B. "ist ...von' / "is...of", "hat..." /"has ...". Eingeführte Relationen stehen als "bisher genutzte Relationen" den anderen Schreibern für deren Textindexierung zur Verfügung.
    Aus den so festgelegten Beziehungen zwischen den verlinkten Begriffen sollen Computer automatisch sinnvolle Antworten auf komplexere Anfragen generieren können; z.B. eine Liste erzeugen, in der alle Länder von Afrika aufgeführt sind. Die Ländernamen führen als Link zurück zu dem Eintrag, in dem sie stehen - dem Artikel zum Land, für das man sich interessiert. Aus informationswissenschaftlicher Sicht ist das Informationsergebnis, das die neue Technologie produziert, relativ simpel. Aus sozialwissenschaftlicher Sicht steckt darin aber ein riesiges Potential zur Verbesserung der Bereitstellung von enzyklopädischer Information und Wissen für Menschen auf der ganzen Welt. Spannend ist auch die durch Semantic MediaWiki gegebene Möglichkeit der automatischen Zusammenführung von Informationen, die in den verschiedenen Wiki-Einträgen verteilt sind, bei einer hohen Konsistenz der Ergebnisse. Durch die feststehenden Beziehungen zwischen den Links enthält die automatisch erzeugte Liste nach Angaben der Karlsruher Forscher immer die gleichen Daten, egal, von welcher Seite aus man sie abruft. Die Suchmaschine holt sich die Bevölkerungszahl von Ägypten immer vom festgelegten Ägypten-Eintrag, so dass keine unterschiedlichen Zahlen in der Wiki-Landschaft kursieren können. Ein mit Semantic MediaWiki erstellter Testeintrag zu Deutschland kann unter http://ontoworld.org/index.php/Germany eingesehen werden. Die Faktenbox im unteren Teil des Eintrags zeigt an, was der "Eintrag" der Suchmaschine an Wissen über Deutschland anbieten kann. Diese Ergebnisse werden auch in dem Datenbeschreibungsstandard RDF angeboten. Mehr als das, was in der Faktenbox steht, kann der Eintrag nicht an die Suchmaschine abgeben."
  6. Kruk, S.R.; Kruk, E.; Stankiewicz, K.: Evaluation of semantic and social technologies for digital libraries (2009) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Libraries are the tools we use to learn and to answer our questions. The quality of our work depends, among others, on the quality of the tools we use. Recent research in digital libraries is focused, on one hand on improving the infrastructure of the digital library management systems (DLMS), and on the other on improving the metadata models used to annotate collections of objects maintained by DLMS. The latter includes, among others, the semantic web and social networking technologies. Recently, the semantic web and social networking technologies are being introduced to the digital libraries domain. The expected outcome is that the overall quality of information discovery in digital libraries can be improved by employing social and semantic technologies. In this chapter we present the results of an evaluation of social and semantic end-user information discovery services for the digital libraries.
    Date
    1. 8.2010 12:35:22
  7. Schöndorf, P.: Nicht-konventionelle Thesaurusrelationen als Orientierungshilfen für Indexierung und Recherche: Analyse ausgewählter Beispiele (1988) 0.02 
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  8. Dirsch-Weigand, A.; Schmidt, I.: ConWeaver : Automatisierte Wissensnetze für die semantische Suche (2006) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Google ist zum Inbegriff einer Suchmaschine geworden. Doch ist in Fachkreisen klar, dass Volltexsuchtmaschinen wie Google auch deutliche Schwächen aufweisen und deshalb für die effiziente Suche in Fachportalen, Intranets und Enterprise-Content-Management-Systemen oft nicht ausreichen. Weil Volltextsuchmaschinen nur mit dem genauen Wortlaut suchen, finden sie einerseits Informationen nicht, die zwar dem Inhalt, nicht aber den genauen Formulierungen der Suchanfrage entsprechen. Bezeichnungsalternativen, sprachlichen Varianten sowie fremdsprachliche Benennungen werden nicht als bedeutungsgleich erkannt. Andererseits entstehen unpräzise Suchergebnisse, weil gleich lautende Bezeichnungen unterschiedlicher Bedeutung nicht unterschieden werden. Diese Probleme geht die semantische Suchmaschine ConWeaver an, die das Fraunhofer Institut Integrierte Informations- und Publikationssysteme (Fraunhofer IPSI) in Darmstadt entwickelt hat. An Stelle eines Volltextindexes setzt sie ein Wissensnetz als Suchindex ein. Im Unterschied zu den meisten anderen ontologiebasierten Softwareprodukten baut die Software ConWeaver dieses Wissensnetz automatisiert auf.
  9. Tzitzikas, Y.: Collaborative ontology-based information indexing and retrieval (2002) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    An information system like the Web is a continuously evolving system consisting of multiple heterogeneous information sources, covering a wide domain of discourse, and a huge number of users (human or software) with diverse characteristics and needs, that produce and consume information. The challenge nowadays is to build a scalable information infrastructure enabling the effective, accurate, content based retrieval of information, in a way that adapts to the characteristics and interests of the users. The aim of this work is to propose formally sound methods for building such an information network based on ontologies which are widely used and are easy to grasp by ordinary Web users. The main results of this work are: - A novel scheme for indexing and retrieving objects according to multiple aspects or facets. The proposed scheme is a faceted scheme enriched with a method for specifying the combinations of terms that are valid. We give a model-theoretic interpretation to this model and we provide mechanisms for inferring the valid combinations of terms. This inference service can be exploited for preventing errors during the indexing process, which is very important especially in the case where the indexing is done collaboratively by many users, and for deriving "complete" navigation trees suitable for browsing through the Web. The proposed scheme has several advantages over the hierarchical classification schemes currently employed by Web catalogs, namely, conceptual clarity (it is easier to understand), compactness (it takes less space), and scalability (the update operations can be formulated more easily and be performed more effciently). - A exible and effecient model for building mediators over ontology based information sources. The proposed mediators support several modes of query translation and evaluation which can accommodate various application needs and levels of answer quality. The proposed model can be used for providing users with customized views of Web catalogs. It can also complement the techniques for building mediators over relational sources so as to support approximate translation of partially ordered domain values.
  10. Schreiber, G.; Amin, A.; Assem, M. van; Boer, V. de; Hardman, L.; Hildebrand, M.; Omelayenko, B.; Ossenbruggen, J. van; Wielemaker, J.; Wielinga, B.; Tordai, A.; Aroyoa, L.: Semantic annotation and search of cultural-heritage collections : the MultimediaN E-Culture demonstrator (2008) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    In this article we describe a SemanticWeb application for semantic annotation and search in large virtual collections of cultural-heritage objects, indexed with multiple vocabularies. During the annotation phase we harvest, enrich and align collection metadata and vocabularies. The semantic-search facilities support keyword-based queries of the graph (currently 20M triples), resulting in semantically grouped result clusters, all representing potential semantic matches of the original query. We show two sample search scenario's. The annotation and search software is open source and is already being used by third parties. All software is based on establishedWeb standards, in particular HTML/XML, CSS, RDF/OWL, SPARQL and JavaScript.
    Content
    Vgl. unter: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1570826808000620. Auch unter: http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mark/papers/Schreiber08a.pdf. The online version of the demonstrator can be found at: http://e-culture.multimedian.nl/demo/search.
    Source
    Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the WorldWideWeb 6(2008) no.4, S.243-249
  11. ¬The Semantic Web : research and applications ; second European Semantic WebConference, ESWC 2005, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, May 29 - June 1, 2005 ; proceedings (2005) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second European Semantic Web Conference, ESWC 2005, heldin Heraklion, Crete, Greece in May/June 2005. The 48 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 148 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on semantic Web services, languages, ontologies, reasoning and querying, search and information retrieval, user and communities, natural language for the semantic Web, annotation tools, and semantic Web applications.
    LCSH
    Software engineering
    RSWK
    Semantic Web / Kongress / Iraklion <2005>
    Semantic Web / Ontologie <Wissensverarbeitung> / Kongress / Iraklion <2005>
    Subject
    Semantic Web / Kongress / Iraklion <2005>
    Semantic Web / Ontologie <Wissensverarbeitung> / Kongress / Iraklion <2005>
    Software engineering
    Theme
    Semantic Web
  12. Weller, K.: Knowledge representation in the Social Semantic Web (2010) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    The main purpose of this book is to sum up the vital and highly topical research issue of knowledge representation on the Web and to discuss novel solutions by combining benefits of folksonomies and Web 2.0 approaches with ontologies and semantic technologies. This book contains an overview of knowledge representation approaches in past, present and future, introduction to ontologies, Web indexing and in first case the novel approaches of developing ontologies. This title combines aspects of knowledge representation for both the Semantic Web (ontologies) and the Web 2.0 (folksonomies). Currently there is no monographic book which provides a combined overview over these topics. focus on the topic of using knowledge representation methods for document indexing purposes. For this purpose, considerations from classical librarian interests in knowledge representation (thesauri, classification schemes etc.) are included, which are not part of most other books which have a stronger background in computer science.
    Footnote
    Rez. in: iwp 62(2011) H.4, S.205-206 (C. Carstens): "Welche Arten der Wissensrepräsentation existieren im Web, wie ausgeprägt sind semantische Strukturen in diesem Kontext, und wie können soziale Aktivitäten im Sinne des Web 2.0 zur Strukturierung von Wissen im Web beitragen? Diesen Fragen widmet sich Wellers Buch mit dem Titel Knowledge Representation in the Social Semantic Web. Der Begriff Social Semantic Web spielt einerseits auf die semantische Strukturierung von Daten im Sinne des Semantic Web an und deutet andererseits auf die zunehmend kollaborative Inhaltserstellung im Social Web hin. Weller greift die Entwicklungen in diesen beiden Bereichen auf und beleuchtet die Möglichkeiten und Herausforderungen, die aus der Kombination der Aktivitäten im Semantic Web und im Social Web entstehen. Der Fokus des Buches liegt dabei primär auf den konzeptuellen Herausforderungen, die sich in diesem Kontext ergeben. So strebt die originäre Vision des Semantic Web die Annotation aller Webinhalte mit ausdrucksstarken, hochformalisierten Ontologien an. Im Social Web hingegen werden große Mengen an Daten von Nutzern erstellt, die häufig mithilfe von unkontrollierten Tags in Folksonomies annotiert werden. Weller sieht in derartigen kollaborativ erstellten Inhalten und Annotationen großes Potenzial für die semantische Indexierung, eine wichtige Voraussetzung für das Retrieval im Web. Das Hauptinteresse des Buches besteht daher darin, eine Brücke zwischen den Wissensrepräsentations-Methoden im Social Web und im Semantic Web zu schlagen. Um dieser Fragestellung nachzugehen, gliedert sich das Buch in drei Teile. . . .
    Insgesamt besticht das Buch insbesondere durch seine breite Sichtweise, die Aktualität und die Fülle an Referenzen. Es ist somit sowohl als Überblickswerk geeignet, das umfassend über aktuelle Entwicklungen und Trends der Wissensrepräsentation im Semantic und Social Web informiert, als auch als Lektüre für Experten, für die es vor allem als kontextualisierte und sehr aktuelle Sammlung von Referenzen eine wertvolle Ressource darstellt." Weitere Rez. in: Journal of Documentation. 67(2011), no.5, S.896-899 (P. Rafferty)
    LCSH
    Semantic Web
    Object
    Web 2.0
    RSWK
    Semantic Web
    World Wide Web 2.0
    Subject
    Semantic Web
    World Wide Web 2.0
    Semantic Web
    Theme
    Semantic Web
  13. Marcondes, C.H.; Costa, L.C da.: ¬A model to represent and process scientific knowledge in biomedical articles with semantic Web technologies (2016) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Knowledge organization faces the challenge of managing the amount of knowledge available on the Web. Published literature in biomedical sciences is a huge source of knowledge, which can only efficiently be managed through automatic methods. The conventional channel for reporting scientific results is Web electronic publishing. Despite its advances, scientific articles are still published in print formats such as portable document format (PDF). Semantic Web and Linked Data technologies provides new opportunities for communicating, sharing, and integrating scientific knowledge that can overcome the limitations of the current print format. Here is proposed a semantic model of scholarly electronic articles in biomedical sciences that can overcome the limitations of traditional flat records formats. Scientific knowledge consists of claims made throughout article texts, especially when semantic elements such as questions, hypotheses and conclusions are stated. These elements, although having different roles, express relationships between phenomena. Once such knowledge units are extracted and represented with technologies such as RDF (Resource Description Framework) and linked data, they may be integrated in reasoning chains. Thereby, the results of scientific research can be published and shared in structured formats, enabling crawling by software agents, semantic retrieval, knowledge reuse, validation of scientific results, and identification of traces of scientific discoveries.
    Date
    12. 3.2016 13:17:22
  14. Derntl, M.; Hampel, T.; Motschnig, R.; Pitner, T.: Social Tagging und Inclusive Universal Access (2008) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Der vorliegende Artikel beleuchtet und bewertet Social Tagging als aktuelles Phänomen des Web 2.0 im Kontext bekannter Techniken der semantischen Datenorganisation. Tagging wird in einen Raum verwandter Ordnungs- und Strukturierungsansätze eingeordnet, um die fundamentalen Grundlagen des Social Tagging zu identifizieren und zuzuweisen. Dabei wird Tagging anhand des Inclusive Universal Access Paradigmas bewertet, das technische als auch menschlich-soziale Kriterien für die inklusive und barrierefreie Bereitstellung und Nutzung von Diensten definiert. Anhand dieser Bewertung werden fundamentale Prinzipien des "Inclusive Social Tagging" hergeleitet, die der Charakterisierung und Bewertung gängiger Tagging-Funktionalitäten in verbreiteten Web-2.0-Diensten dienen. Aus der Bewertung werden insbesondere Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten von Social Tagging und unterstützenden Diensten erkennbar.
  15. Fischer, D.H.: ¬Ein Lehrbeispiel für eine Ontologie : OpenCyc (2004) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Es wird ein einführender Überblick über das seit Frühjahr 2002 allgemein verfügbare Ontologiesystem OpenCyc und seine gegenwärtige Wissensbasis gegeben. Das System ist Prototyp eines logikbasierten Wissensrepräsentationssystems und der lnhalt der fortschreib-baren Wissensbasis ist eine universelle Dachontologie, die als ein Extrakt aus langjähriger Erfahrung mit ihrer Anwendung angesehen werden kann. Die Wissensrepräsentationssprache CycL von OpenCyc konkurriert mit der bisher weniger ausdrucksstarken Sprache OWL, die von den W3C-Gremien für das "Semantic Web"standardisiert wird.
    Content
    Wer über Ontologien und Ontologiesysteme spricht, sollte auch das System OpenCyc kennen. Aber was heißt hier "kennen"? Ich habe mich als Leser und experimentierender Benutzer mit diesem System intensiver befasst und unter einer Reihe von spezielleren Fragen an das System meine Erfahrungen in einigen Arbeitspapieren protokolliert. Sie sind über das Internet zugänglich'. Hier möchte ich der allgemeinen Orientierung über OpenCyc dienende Anmerkungen dazugeben. Bereits eine Recherche mit der Suchmaschine Google, den Suchworten "Cyc OpenCyc" und Beschränkung der Quellen auf Sprache Deutsch oder Herkunft Deutschland erbringt einige der auch hier wiedergegebenen vordergründigen Informationen, sie zeigt aber auch, dass sich Professoren oder Studenten im Jahr 2003 z.B. in Ulm, Heidelberg, Berlin, Bamberg, Bonn und Darmstadt mit dem Thema Cyc und OpenCyc beschäftigt haben entsprechend meiner Titelthese.
  16. Resource Description Framework (RDF) (2004) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The Resource Description Framework (RDF) integrates a variety of applications from library catalogs and world-wide directories to syndication and aggregation of news, software, and content to personal collections of music, photos, and events using XML as an interchange syntax. The RDF specifications provide a lightweight ontology system to support the exchange of knowledge on the Web. The W3C Semantic Web Activity Statement explains W3C's plans for RDF, including the RDF Core WG, Web Ontology and the RDF Interest Group.
    Theme
    Semantic Web
  17. OWL Web Ontology Language Use Cases and Requirements (2004) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    This document specifies usage scenarios, goals and requirements for a web ontology language. An ontology formally defines a common set of terms that are used to describe and represent a domain. Ontologies can be used by automated tools to power advanced services such as more accurate web search, intelligent software agents and knowledge management.
    Theme
    Semantic Web
  18. Garshol, L.M.: Metadata? Thesauri? Taxonomies? Topic Maps! : making sense of it all (2005) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The task of an information architect is to create web sites where users can actually find the information they are looking for. As the ocean of information rises and leaves what we seek ever more deeply buried in what we don't seek, this discipline becomes ever more relevant. Information architecture involves many different aspects of web site creation and organization, but its principal tools are information organization techniques developed in other disciplines. Most of these techniques come from library science, such as thesauri, taxonomies, and faceted classification. Topic maps are a relative newcomer to this area and bring with them the promise of better-organized web sites, compared to what is possible with existing techniques. However, it is not generally understood how topic maps relate to the traditional techniques, and what advantages and disadvantages they have, compared to these techniques. The aim of this paper is to help build a better understanding of these issues.
  19. Ma, X.; Carranza, E.J.M.; Wu, C.; Meer, F.D. van der; Liu, G.: ¬A SKOS-based multilingual thesaurus of geological time scale for interoperability of online geological maps (2011) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The usefulness of online geological maps is hindered by linguistic barriers. Multilingual geoscience thesauri alleviate linguistic barriers of geological maps. However, the benefits of multilingual geoscience thesauri for online geological maps are less studied. In this regard, we developed a multilingual thesaurus of geological time scale (GTS) to alleviate linguistic barriers of GTS records among online geological maps. We extended the Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) model to represent the ordinal hierarchical structure of GTS terms. We collected GTS terms in seven languages and encoded them into a thesaurus by using the extended SKOS model. We implemented methods of characteristic-oriented term retrieval in JavaScript programs for accessing Web Map Services (WMS), recognizing GTS terms, and making translations. With the developed thesaurus and programs, we set up a pilot system to test recognitions and translations of GTS terms in online geological maps. Results of this pilot system proved the accuracy of the developed thesaurus and the functionality of the developed programs. Therefore, with proper deployments, SKOS-based multilingual geoscience thesauri can be functional for alleviating linguistic barriers among online geological maps and, thus, improving their interoperability.
    Content
    Article Outline 1. Introduction 2. SKOS-based multilingual thesaurus of geological time scale 2.1. Addressing the insufficiency of SKOS in the context of the Semantic Web 2.2. Addressing semantics and syntax/lexicon in multilingual GTS terms 2.3. Extending SKOS model to capture GTS structure 2.4. Summary of building the SKOS-based MLTGTS 3. Recognizing and translating GTS terms retrieved from WMS 4. Pilot system, results, and evaluation 5. Discussion 6. Conclusions Vgl. unter: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MiamiImageURL&_cid=271720&_user=3865853&_pii=S0098300411000744&_check=y&_origin=&_coverDate=31-Oct-2011&view=c&wchp=dGLbVlt-zSkzS&_valck=1&md5=e2c1daf53df72d034d22278212578f42&ie=/sdarticle.pdf.
  20. Reif, G.: Semantische Annotation (2006) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    In diesem Kapitel wird zuerst der Begriff Semantische Annotation eingeführt und es werden Techniken besprochen um die Annotationen mit dem ursprünglichen Dokument zu verknüpfen. Weiters wird auf Probleme eingegangen, die sich beim Erstellen der Annotationen ergeben. Im Anschluss daran werden Software Tools vorgestellt, die einen Benutzer beim Annotierungsprozess unterstützen. Zum Abschluss werden Methoden diskutiert, die den Annotierungsvorgang in den Entwicklungsprozess einer Web Applikation integrieren.
    Source
    Semantic Web: Wege zur vernetzten Wissensgesellschaft. Hrsg.: T. Pellegrini, u. A. Blumauer

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  • m 31
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