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  1. Bayer, M.: ¬Die Werbeabteilung ist schneller : Das Internet aus der Steckdose - lange angekündigt - soll nun im Juli starten / schwierige technische Entwicklung (2001) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Lange Zeit war es nur eine schöne Vision: Wo auch immer man im Haus den Computer an eine Steckdose stöpselt - das Internet ist schon da, ohne Kabelgewirr oder stör-empfindliche Funkstrecken. Was einfach klingt, ist technisch kompliziert - und kann als Nebenwirkung Störungen bringen, die Funkamateure empören
    Source
    Frankfurter Rundschau. Nr.79 vom 3.4.2001, S.29
    Theme
    Internet
  2. Deussen, N.: Sogar der Mars könnte bald eine virutelle Heimat bekommen : Gut 4,2 Milliarden sind nicht genug: Die sechste Version des Internet-Protokolls schafft viele zusätzliche Online-Adressen (2001) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    In der Virtualität wird's eng. Die Möglichkeiten des Scheinbaren sind anscheinend ausgereizt. Es mangelt bald an InternetAdressen. Wenn WhirIpools und Wasclunaschinen ihren eigenen Zugang zum Internet brauchen, wird der Vorrat an Kennzahlen knapp. Um dem drohenden Mangel zu begegnen, wird seit Jahren an einer überarbeiteten Fassung des Internet-Protokolls (IP) gebastelt. Doch die Neuauflage hat bis auf ein paar Testläufe - bisher ihren Weg ins Netz noch nicht gefunden. Für Aufregung sorgte sie dennoch bereits: wegen Datenschutzproblemen. Für die Kommunikation zwischen Computern im Internet gibt es eine Art Knigge. Die protokollarische Vorschrift legt fest; wie die Rechner Daten untereinander austauschen. Doch zuvor brauchen die Maschinen Namen (wie www.fr-aktuell.de) und Anschriften (hier: 194.175.173.20), damit sie sich einander vorstellen (Shake Hands) und später Daten schicken können. Vergeben werden die Bezeichnungen von der Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers Icann). Den ersten Vorschlag für eine einheitliche Übergaberegelung machten Bob Kahn und Vint Cerf im Jahr 1974. Damals versuchten im inzwischen legendären, militärisch genutzten Arpanet kaum tausend Großrechner an etwa 250 Standorten miteinander zu kommunizieren. Um Ordnung in das Sprachengewirr der verschiedenen Bautypen zu bringen, mussten Regeln her. Die Idee entwickelte sich zum Protokoll, das nach Informatik-Manier mit dem Kürzel TCP/IP belegt wurde. Mit etwa 100000 angeschlossenen Computern wurde das Netz 1983 zivil - und TCP/IP zum offiziellen Standard. Derzeit regelt die vierte Version des Internet-Protokolls (IPv4) den Bit-Transport. Die Adresse wird jedem Datenpaket vorangestellt. Sie besteht aus Ziffern und ist exakt 32 Bit lang. Daraus ergeben sich mehr als 4,2 Milliarden Zahlenkombinationen. Genug für einen Globus, auf dem erst kürzlich der sechsmilliardste Erdenbürger das Licht der realen Welt erblickte - dachten die Computer-Operateure damals. Dann kam das World Wide Web.
    Der Geniestreich aus dem Europäischen Labor für Teilchenphysik (Cern) in Genf machte aus dem Wissenschaftsnetz ein Massenmedium. Zudem erfuhr die elektronische Post einen Aufschwung. Das Wachstum der Netze sprengt alle Erwartungen", resümiert Klaus Birkenbihl vom InformatikForschungszentrum GMI). Jede Web-Site, jede E-Mail-Box, jeder Computer, der per Standleitung online ist, braucht eine eindeutige Identifizierung. Die Schätzungen, wie viele IPv4-Adressen noch frei sind, schwanken zwischen 40 und zehn Prozent. Der Verbrauch jedenfalls steigt rasant: Die Anzahl der WebSites steuert derzeit auf eine Milliarde zu, weit mehr Netznummern gehen bereits für E-Mail-Anschriften drauf. Den Adressraum weiter ausschöpfen werden demnächst die intelligenten Haushaltsgeräte. Der Laden an der Ecke will wissen, welcher Kühlschrank die Milch bestellt hat, die Videozentrale braucht für das Überspielen des Films die Kennung des PC-Recorders, der Computer des Installateurs benötigt die IP-Anschrift der Heizungsanlage für die Fernwartung. Handys, die später Nachrichten übers Internet schicken, und Internet-Telefonie gehen möglicherweise leer aus. Doch bevor Internet-Adressen zur heiß begehrten Schieberware werden, soll ein neues Adresssystern mit mehr Möglichkeiten her. Schon 1990 hatte sich die Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Gedanken über einen neues Internet-Protokoll mit einem größeren Adressangebot gemacht. Im IETF kümmern sich Forscher, Soft- und HardwareIngenieure um die fortlaufende Verbesserung von Architektur und Arbeit des Netz werks. Eine ihrer Arbeitsgruppen prognostizierte, der IPv4-Vorrat gehe 2005 zu Ende. Fünf Jahre dauerte es, dann waren sich alle Internet-Gremien einig: Eine neue Protokollversion, IPv6, muss her. Dann passierte weiter nichts. Endlich verkündete 1999 Josh Elliot von der Icann, ab sofort würden neue Anschriften verteilt. Ein historischer Moment", freute er sich.
    Der neue 128-Bit-Header treibt die Möglichkeiten ins Astronomische: 3,4 mal zehn hoch 38 Adressen, eine 3,4 mit 38 Nullen. -Das IPv6-Forum zerhackte den Zahlentrumm in anschauliche Stücke: Pro Quadratmillimeter Erdoberfläche stehen nun zirka 667 Billiarden, pro Mensch 6,5 mal zehn hoch 28 Adressen, bereit." Eine Billiarde bringt es immerhin auf respektable 15 Nullen. Schon kurz darauf ging ein Aufschrei durch die Netzgemeinde. Das neue Protokoll schrieb die weltweit eindeutigen Seriennummern bestimmter Netzwerkkarten auf den virtuellen Adressaufkleber. Die Ethernet-Adapter bewerkstelligen den Datentransport bei Computern, die über eine Standleitung, ein Koaxialkabel, dauernd online sind. Die Spur von Ethernet-Usern wäre damit leicht zu verfolgen gewesen, ihre Nutzerprofile, ihre Surfgewohnheiten einsehbar wie offene Bücher. Das Problem, ließ Icann nun wissen, sei behoben: Es gebe keine festen Kennzahlen mehr in den Adressköpfen. Bei jedem Hochfahren eines Rechners oder sogar noch öfter werden die Nummern neu durchgemischt", erläutert Hans Petter Dittler, stellvertretender Vorsitzender der deutschen Sektion der Internet Society. Das Betriebssystem Linux kann bereits mit dem IPv6 arbeiten. Microsoft will den Standard in das nächste Windows-Betriebssystem einbauen: "Wir denken, der vorgeschlagene Standard ist wichtig zum Schutz der Privatsphäre der Internet-Nutzer", sagt Jawad Khaki, Vizepräsident für Netzwerke. Seit einigen Tagen steht auf der Microsoft-Homepage eine Vorab-Version von lPv6 für Windows 2000 zum Herunterladen bereit. Geradezu euphorisch gibt sich Protokoll-Chef Vint Cerf. Mit IPv6 haben wir die Grundlage dafür", philosophierte der Internet-Daddy auf dem ersten lPv6-Kongress 1999 in Berlin, "das Internet von unserem Planeten über den Mars und die Asteroiden bis in den Weltraum hinaus auszudehnen." Doch im Internet-Alltag wird das alte Protokoll noch lange Vorrang haben. Grund sind handfeste Programmier-Probleme. Denn Software, die sich explizit auf die vierte IP-Version bezieht, muss umgeschrieben werden - etwa um mit den längeren Adressfeldern umgehen zu können. Hubert Martens vom Münchner Multinet Services befürchtet gar einen InternetCrash: "Das Jahr-2000-Problem war harmlos gegen das, was uns mit lPv6 droht."
    Source
    Frankfurter Rundschau. Nr.79 vom 3.4.2001, S.29
    Theme
    Internet
  3. Bradley, P.: Towards a common user interface (1995) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Discusses the advantages and disadvantages of a common user interface to enable searching of all databases regardless of producer, supplier or location, such as local CD-ROM, or network. Explains client server architecture, the basic component of a common user interface and outlines current developments including the Z39.50 application layer protocol. A common user interface will result in greater synergy between information providers, technology providers, distributors and information professionals. It will also be able to search across the Internet and make that huge wealth of data much more available than it currently is. Predicts that a common user interface will be in operation by the turn of the century
    Date
    29. 1.1996 19:28:01
  4. Reddy, E.R.; Pradeep, C.: Internet and Z39.50 : a virtual union catalog (1999) 0.01 
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    Source
    CALIBER 99: Academic libraries in the Internet: Proceedings of the 6th National Convention for Automation of Libraries in Education and Research, Nagpur, India, 18.-20.2.1999. Ed. by P.S.G. Kumar and C.P. Vahishth
    Theme
    Internet
  5. Hickey, T.B.: ¬A Java Z39.50 Client for Browsing Large Databases (2001) 0.01 
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    Footnote
    Teil eines Themenheftes: OCLC and the Internet: An Historical Overview of Research Activities, 1990-1999 - Part II
    Theme
    Internet
  6. Phifer, L.A.: Tearing down the wall : integrating ISO and Internet management (1994) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The rapid growth of the Internet TCP/IP networks has encouraged the deployment of management products based on the Internet's Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). However, many organizations, including most telecommunications service providers, continue to define enterprise management solutions based on ISO/CCITT standard management and underlying Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP). Concludes that the key to achieving timely, effective, integrated management is to encourage a transition process aimed away from existing commercial investment in both ISO/CCITT and Internet based management technologies through deployment of common methods and tools which support integration
    Theme
    Internet
  7. Black, U.: TCP/IP and related protocols (1995) 0.01 
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    Theme
    Internet
  8. Telekommunikation, Internet, Zukunft : ein strategischer Überblick für die Praxis (1996) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Die 10 Hauptkapitel enthalten verständlich geschriebene, aktuelle Übersichten mit vielen Visualisierungen zu aktuellen Fragen der Telekommunikation (zum Beispiel zu neueren Trends, zu kommerziellen Perspektiven des Internets und zu Erfahrungen regionaler Projekte). Das Produkt liefert eine in dieser Form auf dem MArkt nicht verfügbare Übersicht für alle am Thema Interessierten. Er ist besonders nützlich für Praktiker in Unternehmen (Weiterbildung) sowie für Schüler, Lehrer, Studenten und Professoren. Die Dokumente liegen im HTML-Format vor und können auch in den Formaten Winword ab 6.0 und Powerpoint ab 7.0 geladen und weiterverarbeitet werden. Die 10 Kapitel behandeln die Themen: Visionen für die Zukunft, Zukünftige Märkte und Strukturveränderungen, TK-Anbieter und ihre Dienste, Einführungin die Internet-Praxis, Online-Dienste und Internet-Provider, Kommerzielle Perspektiven des Internet, Regionale elektronische Gemeinschaften, Telearbeit als neue Arbeitsform, Politische und rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen, Telekommunikation in der Kritik
    Theme
    Internet
  9. Schuyler, M.: Dial in 1992 : an annual guide to online public access catalogs (1992) 0.01 
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    Footnote
    Fortsetzung 1994 als: OPAC directory: an annual guide to Internet-accessible online public access catalogs. - Rez. in: BuB 45(1992) Nr.2, S.182-183 (H. Marloth)
  10. LeVan, R.R.: Dublin Core and Z39.50 (2001) 0.01 
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    Footnote
    Teil eines Themenheftes: OCLC and the Internet: An Historical Overview of Research Activities, 1990-1999 - Part II
  11. Henry, M.K.; Keenan, L.; Reagan, M.: Search sheets for OPACs on the internet : a selective guide to U.S. OPACs utilizing VT100 emulation (1991) 0.01 
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  12. Low, K.: ABCs of OPACs (1994) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Looks at the services offered by academic OPACs. Describes the services provided by Harvard Online Library Information System, University of California MELVYL Catalog, Stanford University' SOCRATES, and Princeton University Library. Many libraries now offer dial-up and/or Internet access to their OPACs
  13. Buxton, A.B.: International gateways (1991) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Describes types of international gateways available for online searching. Public data networks are provided by national telecommunications authorities. Private data networks are run by an organization for its own use, or for customers of its services. Academic data networks are a special case of private networks which serve the the academic and research communications. Gives details of a number of academic networks: JANET, BITNET, NETNORTH, EARN, Internet. Describes the gateways between JANET and the UK public data network, EARN and Internet. Describes the international X.25 infrastructure (IXI) network which is organized by COSINE (Cooperation for OSI networking in Europe) programme which aims to provide OSI-based services for European researchers
  14. Ciardhuain, S.O.: Developments in networked bibliographic catalogues (1994) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Computer and communications technology is having a profound impact on libraries and the way in which they serve their users. Discusses online catalogues in libraries, the development of the Internet and OSI, and the development of search and retrieve (SR) protocols to allow standardized access to library catalogues across communications networks. Considers the deployment of SR protocols, problems with interoperability of clients and servers, interlibrary loan possibilities of SR protocols, and the feasibility of electronic document delivery
  15. Hinich, M.J.; Molyneux, R.E.: Predicting information flows in network traffic (2003) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Hinich and Molyneux review the literature of internet measurement and note three results consistently to be found in network traffic studies. These are "self-similarity," "long-range dependence," by which is meant that events in one time are correlated with events in a previous time and remain so through longer time periods than expected, and "heavy tails" by which they mean many small connections with low byte counts and a few long connections with large byte counts. The literature also suggests that conventional time series analysis is not helpful for network analysis. Using a single day's traffic at the Berkeley National Labs web server, cumulated TCP flows were collected, log transforms were used with the adding of .01 to all values allowing log transforms of the zero values, and providing a distribution that overcomes the heavy tail problem. However, Hinich's bicorrelation test for nonlinearity using overlapping moving windows found strong evidence of nonlinear structures. Time series analysis assumes linear systems theory and thus additivity and scalability. Spectral analysis should provide large peaks at the lowest frequencies if long range dependence is present since the power spectrum would go to infinity if the frequency goes to zero. This does not occur and so long range dependence must be questioned, at least until it is determined what effect other OSI layers may have on the TCP data.
    Theme
    Internet
  16. Matthews, J.R.; Parker, M.R.: Local Area Networks and Wide Area Networks for libraries (1995) 0.00 
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    Date
    30.11.1995 20:53:22
  17. Holm, L.A.: Connectivity and protocols, the technical side : OSI and TCP/IP, FTP, TELNET, SR, ILL, update (1994) 0.00 
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    Theme
    Internet
  18. Reiss, L.K.; Merakos, L.F.: Performance analysis of an adaptive bandwidth reservation scheme for ATM virtual path traffic (1996) 0.00 
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    Date
    2. 8.1996 19:36:29
  19. Sloan, B.G.: Remote access : design implications for the online catalog (1991) 0.00 
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    Date
    8. 1.2007 17:22:42
  20. Lynch, C.A.: ¬The Z39.50 information retrieval standard : part I: a strategic view of its past, present and future (1997) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    The Z39.50 standard for information retrieval is important from a number of perspectives. While still not widely known within the computer networking community, it is a mature standard that represents the culmination of two decades of thinking and debate about how information retrieval functions can be modeled, standardized, and implemented in a distributed systems environment. And - importantly -- it has been tested through substantial deployment experience. Z39.50 is one of the few examples we have to date of a protocol that actually goes beyond codifying mechanism and moves into the area of standardizing shared semantic knowledge. The extent to which this should be a goal of the protocol has been an ongoing source of controversy and tension within the developer community, and differing views on this issue can be seen both in the standard itself and the way that it is used in practice. Given the growing emphasis on issues such as "semantic interoperability" as part of the research agenda for digital libraries (see Clifford A. Lynch and Hector Garcia-Molina. Interoperability, Scaling, and the Digital Libraries Research Agenda, Report on the May 18-19, 1995 IITA Libraries Workshop, <http://www- diglib.stanford.edu/diglib/pub/reports/iita-dlw/main.html>), the insights gained by the Z39.50 community into the complex interactions among various definitions of semantics and interoperability are particularly relevant. The development process for the Z39.50 standard is also of interest in its own right. Its history, dating back to the 1970s, spans a period that saw the eclipse of formal standards-making agencies by groups such as the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and informal standards development consortia. Moreover, in order to achieve meaningful implementation, Z39.50 had to move beyond its origins in the OSI debacle of the 1980s. Z39.50 has also been, to some extent, a victim of its own success -- or at least promise. Recent versions of the standard are highly extensible, and the consensus process of standards development has made it hospitable to an ever-growing set of new communities and requirements. As this process of extension has proceeded, it has become ever less clear what the appropriate scope and boundaries of the protocol should be, and what expectations one should have of practical interoperability among implementations of the standard. Z39.50 thus offers an excellent case study of the problems involved in managing the evolution of a standard over time. It may well offer useful lessons for the future of other standards such as HTTP and HTML, which seem to be facing some of the same issues.

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