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  • × theme_ss:"Multilinguale Probleme"
  1. Luca, E.W. de; Dahlberg, I.: ¬Die Multilingual Lexical Linked Data Cloud : eine mögliche Zugangsoptimierung? (2014) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    Sehr viele Informationen sind bereits im Web verfügbar oder können aus isolierten strukturierten Datenspeichern wie Informationssystemen und sozialen Netzwerken gewonnen werden. Datenintegration durch Nachbearbeitung oder durch Suchmechanismen (z. B. D2R) ist deshalb wichtig, um Informationen allgemein verwendbar zu machen. Semantische Technologien ermöglichen die Verwendung definierter Verbindungen (typisierter Links), durch die ihre Beziehungen zueinander festgehalten werden, was Vorteile für jede Anwendung bietet, die das in Daten enthaltene Wissen wieder verwenden kann. Um ­eine semantische Daten-Landkarte herzustellen, benötigen wir Wissen über die einzelnen Daten und ihre Beziehung zu anderen Daten. Dieser Beitrag stellt unsere Arbeit zur Benutzung von Lexical Linked Data (LLD) durch ein Meta-Modell vor, das alle Ressourcen enthält und zudem die Möglichkeit bietet sie unter unterschiedlichen Gesichtspunkten aufzufinden. Wir verbinden damit bestehende Arbeiten über Wissensgebiete (basierend auf der Information Coding Classification) mit der Multilingual Lexical Linked Data Cloud (basierend auf der RDF/OWL-Repräsentation von EuroWordNet und den ähnlichen integrierten lexikalischen Ressourcen MultiWordNet, MEMODATA und die Hamburg Metapher DB).
    Date
    22. 9.2014 19:00:13
  2. Cao, L.; Leong, M.-K.; Low, H.-B.: Searching heterogeneous multilingual bibliographic sources (1998) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Propopses a Web-based architecture for searching distributed heterogeneous multi-asian language bibliographic sources, and describes a successful pilot implementation of the system at the Chinese Library (CLib) system developed in Singapore and tested at 2 university libraries and a public library
    Date
    1. 8.1996 22:08:06
    Footnote
    Contribution to a special issue devoted to the Proceedings of the 7th International World Wide Web Conference, held 14-18 April 1998, Brisbane, Australia
  3. Hubrich, J.: Multilinguale Wissensorganisation im Zeitalter der Globalisierung : das Projekt CrissCross (2010) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Im Zuge zunehmender Globalisierung werden Wissensorganisationssysteme erforderlich, die ein sprachunabhängiges Retrieval ermöglichen, ohne dass dadurch bereits existierende und national bewährte Wissenssysteme obsolet werden. Das durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) geförderte und von der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek in Kooperation mit der Fachhochschule Köln durchgeführte Projekt CrissCross leistet einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Schaffung eines solchen Wissensspeichers, indem es die Sachschlagwörter der deutschen Schlagwortnormdatei (SWD) mit Notationen der Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation sowie mit ihren Äquivalenten der Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) und der französischen Schlagwortsprache RAMEAU (Repertoire d'autorité-matière encyclopédique et alphabétique unifié) verknüpft. Ein erweitertes multilinguales und thesaurusbasiertes Recherchevokabular wird erstellt, das für die inhaltliche Suche nach Dokumenten in heterogen erschlossenen Beständen verwendet werden kann. In diesem Artikel wird die Problematik bei der Verknüpfung semantisch heterogener Systeme unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Unterschiede zwischen der DDC und der SWD skizziert. Die in CrissCross gewählte Methodik bei der Verknüpfung von SWD und DDC wird vorgestellt. Abschließend wird der Nutzen der erstellten Daten für das Retrieval aufgezeigt.
    Source
    Wissensspeicher in digitalen Räumen: Nachhaltigkeit - Verfügbarkeit - semantische Interoperabilität. Proceedings der 11. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation, Konstanz, 20. bis 22. Februar 2008. Hrsg.: J. Sieglerschmidt u. H.P.Ohly
  4. Bian, G.-W.; Chen, H.-H.: Cross-language information access to multilingual collections on the Internet (2000) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Language barrier is the major problem that people face in searching for, retrieving, and understanding multilingual collections on the Internet. This paper deals with query translation and document translation in a Chinese-English information retrieval system called MTIR. Bilingual dictionary and monolingual corpus-based approaches are adopted to select suitable tranlated query terms. A machine transliteration algorithm is introduced to resolve proper name searching. We consider several design issues for document translation, including which material is translated, what roles the HTML tags play in translation, what the tradeoff is between the speed performance and the translation performance, and what from the translated result is presented in. About 100.000 Web pages translated in the last 4 months of 1997 are used for quantitative study of online and real-time Web page translation
    Date
    16. 2.2000 14:22:39
  5. Dilevko, J.; Dali, K.: ¬The challenge of building multilingual collections in Canadian public libraries (2002) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    A Web-based survey was conducted to determine the extent to which Canadian public libraries are collecting multilingual materials (foreign languages other than English and French), the methods that they use to select these materials, and whether public librarians are sufficiently prepared to provide their multilingual clientele with an adequate range of materials and services. There is room for improvement with regard to collection development of multilingual materials in Canadian public libraries, as well as in educating staff about keeping multilingual collections current, diverse, and of sufficient interest to potential users to keep such materials circulating. The main constraints preventing public libraries from developing better multilingual collections are addressed, and recommendations for improving the state of multilingual holdings are provided.
    Date
    10. 9.2000 17:38:22
  6. Mitchell, J.S.; Zeng, M.L.; Zumer, M.: Modeling classification systems in multicultural and multilingual contexts (2012) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    This paper reports on the second part of an initiative of the authors on researching classification systems with the conceptual model defined by the Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data (FRSAD) final report. In an earlier study, the authors explored whether the FRSAD conceptual model could be extended beyond subject authority data to model classification data. The focus of the current study is to determine if classification data modeled using FRSAD can be used to solve real-world discovery problems in multicultural and multilingual contexts. The paper discusses the relationships between entities (same type or different types) in the context of classification systems that involve multiple translations and /or multicultural implementations. Results of two case studies are presented in detail: (a) two instances of the DDC (DDC 22 in English, and the Swedish-English mixed translation of DDC 22), and (b) Chinese Library Classification. The use cases of conceptual models in practice are also discussed.
    Source
    Beyond libraries - subject metadata in the digital environment and semantic web. IFLA Satellite Post-Conference, 17-18 August 2012, Tallinn
  7. Lehtinen, R.; Clavel-Merrin, G.: Mehrsprachige und verschiedenartige Daten in Bibliothekssystemen und -netzen : Erfahrungen und Perspektiven aus der Schweiz und Finnland (1998) 0.01 
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  8. Effektive Information Retrieval Verfahren in Theorie und Praxis : ausgewählte und erweiterte Beiträge des Vierten Hildesheimer Evaluierungs- und Retrievalworkshop (HIER 2005), Hildesheim, 20.7.2005 (2006) 0.01 
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    Content
    Inhalt: Jan-Hendrik Scheufen: RECOIN: Modell offener Schnittstellen für Information-Retrieval-Systeme und -Komponenten Markus Nick, Klaus-Dieter Althoff: Designing Maintainable Experience-based Information Systems Gesine Quint, Steffen Weichert: Die benutzerzentrierte Entwicklung des Produkt- Retrieval-Systems EIKON der Blaupunkt GmbH Claus-Peter Klas, Sascha Kriewel, André Schaefer, Gudrun Fischer: Das DAFFODIL System - Strategische Literaturrecherche in Digitalen Bibliotheken Matthias Meiert: Entwicklung eines Modells zur Integration digitaler Dokumente in die Universitätsbibliothek Hildesheim Daniel Harbig, René Schneider: Ontology Learning im Rahmen von MyShelf Michael Kluck, Marco Winter: Topic-Entwicklung und Relevanzbewertung bei GIRT: ein Werkstattbericht Thomas Mandl: Neue Entwicklungen bei den Evaluierungsinitiativen im Information Retrieval Joachim Pfister: Clustering von Patent-Dokumenten am Beispiel der Datenbanken des Fachinformationszentrums Karlsruhe Ralph Kölle, Glenn Langemeier, Wolfgang Semar: Programmieren lernen in kollaborativen Lernumgebungen Olga Tartakovski, Margaryta Shramko: Implementierung eines Werkzeugs zur Sprachidentifikation in mono- und multilingualen Texten Nina Kummer: Indexierungstechniken für das japanische Retrieval Suriya Na Nhongkai, Hans-Joachim Bentz: Bilinguale Suche mittels Konzeptnetzen Robert Strötgen, Thomas Mandl, René Schneider: Entwicklung und Evaluierung eines Question Answering Systems im Rahmen des Cross Language Evaluation Forum (CLEF) Niels Jensen: Evaluierung von mehrsprachigem Web-Retrieval: Experimente mit dem EuroGOV-Korpus im Rahmen des Cross Language Evaluation Forum (CLEF)
    Footnote
    Rez. in: Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis 57(2006) H.5, S.290-291 (C. Schindler): "Weniger als ein Jahr nach dem "Vierten Hildesheimer Evaluierungs- und Retrievalworkshop" (HIER 2005) im Juli 2005 ist der dazugehörige Tagungsband erschienen. Eingeladen hatte die Hildesheimer Informationswissenschaft um ihre Forschungsergebnisse und die einiger externer Experten zum Thema Information Retrieval einem Fachpublikum zu präsentieren und zur Diskussion zu stellen. Unter dem Titel "Effektive Information Retrieval Verfahren in Theorie und Praxis" sind nahezu sämtliche Beiträge des Workshops in dem nun erschienenen, 15 Beiträge umfassenden Band gesammelt. Mit dem Schwerpunkt Information Retrieval (IR) wird ein Teilgebiet der Informationswissenschaft vorgestellt, das schon immer im Zentrum informationswissenschaftlicher Forschung steht. Ob durch den Leistungsanstieg von Prozessoren und Speichermedien, durch die Verbreitung des Internet über nationale Grenzen hinweg oder durch den stetigen Anstieg der Wissensproduktion, festzuhalten ist, dass in einer zunehmend wechselseitig vernetzten Welt die Orientierung und das Auffinden von Dokumenten in großen Wissensbeständen zu einer zentralen Herausforderung geworden sind. Aktuelle Verfahrensweisen zu diesem Thema, dem Information Retrieval, präsentiert der neue Band anhand von praxisbezogenen Projekten und theoretischen Diskussionen. Das Kernthema Information Retrieval wird in dem Sammelband in die Bereiche Retrieval-Systeme, Digitale Bibliothek, Evaluierung und Multilinguale Systeme untergliedert. Die Artikel der einzelnen Sektionen sind insgesamt recht heterogen und bieten daher keine Überschneidungen inhaltlicher Art. Jedoch ist eine vollkommene thematische Abdeckung der unterschiedlichen Bereiche ebenfalls nicht gegeben, was bei der Präsentation von Forschungsergebnissen eines Institutes und seiner Kooperationspartner auch nur bedingt erwartet werden kann. So lässt sich sowohl in der Gliederung als auch in den einzelnen Beiträgen eine thematische Verdichtung erkennen, die das spezielle Profil und die Besonderheit der Hildesheimer Informationswissenschaft im Feld des Information Retrieval wiedergibt. Teil davon ist die mehrsprachige und interdisziplinäre Ausrichtung, die die Schnittstellen zwischen Informationswissenschaft, Sprachwissenschaft und Informatik in ihrer praxisbezogenen und internationalen Forschung fokussiert.
    Im ersten Kapitel "Retrieval-Systeme" werden verschiedene Information RetrievalSysteme präsentiert und Verfahren zu deren Gestaltung diskutiert. Jan-Hendrik Scheufen stellt das Meta-Framework RECOIN zur Information Retrieval Forschung vor, das sich durch eine flexible Handhabung unterschiedlichster Applikationen auszeichnet und dadurch eine zentrierte Protokollierung und Steuerung von Retrieval-Prozessen ermöglicht. Dieses Konzept eines offenen, komponentenbasierten Systems wurde in Form eines Plug-Ins für die javabasierte Open-Source-Plattform Eclipse realisiert. Markus Nick und Klaus-Dieter Althoff erläutern in ihrem Beitrag, der übrigens der einzige englischsprachige Text im Buch ist, das Verfahren DILLEBIS zur Erhaltung und Pflege (Maintenance) von erfahrungsbasierten Informationssystemen. Sie bezeichnen dieses Verfahren als Maintainable Experience-based Information System und plädieren für eine Ausrichtung von erfahrungsbasierten Systemen entsprechend diesem Modell. Gesine Quint und Steffen Weichert stellen dagegen in ihrem Beitrag die benutzerzentrierte Entwicklung des Produkt-Retrieval-Systems EIKON vor, das in Kooperation mit der Blaupunkt GmbH realisiert wurde. In einem iterativen Designzyklus erfolgte die Gestaltung von gruppenspezifischen Interaktionsmöglichkeiten für ein Car-Multimedia-Zubehör-System. Im zweiten Kapitel setzen sich mehrere Autoren dezidierter mit dem Anwendungsgebiet "Digitale Bibliothek" auseinander. Claus-Peter Klas, Sascha Kriewel, Andre Schaefer und Gudrun Fischer von der Universität Duisburg-Essen stellen das System DAFFODIL vor, das durch eine Vielzahl an Werkzeugen zur strategischen Unterstützung bei Literaturrecherchen in digitalen Bibliotheken dient. Zusätzlich ermöglicht die Protokollierung sämtlicher Ereignisse den Einsatz des Systems als Evaluationsplattform. Der Aufsatz von Matthias Meiert erläutert die Implementierung von elektronischen Publikationsprozessen an Hochschulen am Beispiel von Abschlussarbeiten des Studienganges Internationales Informationsmanagement der Universität Hildesheim. Neben Rahmenbedingungen werden sowohl der Ist-Zustand als auch der Soll-Zustand des wissenschaftlichen elektronischen Publizierens in Form von gruppenspezifischen Empfehlungen dargestellt. Daniel Harbig und Rene Schneider beschreiben in ihrem Aufsatz zwei Verfahrensweisen zum maschinellen Erlernen von Ontologien, angewandt am virtuellen Bibliotheksregal MyShelf. Nach der Evaluation dieser beiden Ansätze plädieren die Autoren für ein semi-automatisiertes Verfahren zur Erstellung von Ontologien.
    "Evaluierung", das Thema des dritten Kapitels, ist in seiner Breite nicht auf das Information Retrieval beschränkt sondern beinhaltet ebenso einzelne Aspekte der Bereiche Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion sowie des E-Learning. Michael Muck und Marco Winter von der Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik sowie dem Informationszentrum Sozialwissenschaften thematisieren in ihrem Beitrag den Einfluss der Fragestellung (Topic) auf die Bewertung von Relevanz und zeigen Verfahrensweisen für die Topic-Erstellung auf, die beim Cross Language Evaluation Forum (CLEF) Anwendung finden. Im darauf folgenden Aufsatz stellt Thomas Mandl verschiedene Evaluierungsinitiativen im Information Retrieval und aktuelle Entwicklungen dar. Joachim Pfister erläutert in seinem Beitrag das automatisierte Gruppieren, das sogenannte Clustering, von Patent-Dokumenten in den Datenbanken des Fachinformationszentrums Karlsruhe und evaluiert unterschiedliche Clusterverfahren auf Basis von Nutzerbewertungen. Ralph Kölle, Glenn Langemeier und Wolfgang Semar widmen sich dem kollaborativen Lernen unter den speziellen Bedingungen des Programmierens. Dabei werden das System VitaminL zur synchronen Bearbeitung von Programmieraufgaben und das Kennzahlensystem K-3 für die Bewertung kollaborativer Zusammenarbeit in einer Lehrveranstaltung angewendet. Der aktuelle Forschungsschwerpunkt der Hildesheimer Informationswissenschaft zeichnet sich im vierten Kapitel unter dem Thema "Multilinguale Systeme" ab. Hier finden sich die meisten Beiträge des Tagungsbandes wieder. Olga Tartakovski und Margaryta Shramko beschreiben und prüfen das System Langldent, das die Sprache von mono- und multilingualen Texten identifiziert. Die Eigenheiten der japanischen Schriftzeichen stellt Nina Kummer dar und vergleicht experimentell die unterschiedlichen Techniken der Indexierung. Suriya Na Nhongkai und Hans-Joachim Bentz präsentieren und prüfen eine bilinguale Suche auf Basis von Konzeptnetzen, wobei die Konzeptstruktur das verbindende Elemente der beiden Textsammlungen darstellt. Das Entwickeln und Evaluieren eines mehrsprachigen Question-Answering-Systems im Rahmen des Cross Language Evaluation Forum (CLEF), das die alltagssprachliche Formulierung von konkreten Fragestellungen ermöglicht, wird im Beitrag von Robert Strötgen, Thomas Mandl und Rene Schneider thematisiert. Den Schluss bildet der Aufsatz von Niels Jensen, der ein mehrsprachiges Web-Retrieval-System ebenfalls im Zusammenhang mit dem CLEF anhand des multilingualen EuroGOVKorpus evaluiert.
  9. De Luca, E.W.; Dahlberg, I.: Including knowledge domains from the ICC into the multilingual lexical linked data cloud (2014) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    A lot of information that is already available on the Web, or retrieved from local information systems and social networks is structured in data silos that are not semantically related. Semantic technologies make it emerge that the use of typed links that directly express their relations are an advantage for every application that can reuse the incorporated knowledge about the data. For this reason, data integration, through reengineering (e.g. triplify), or querying (e.g. D2R) is an important task in order to make information available for everyone. Thus, in order to build a semantic map of the data, we need knowledge about data items itself and the relation between heterogeneous data items. In this paper, we present our work of providing Lexical Linked Data (LLD) through a meta-model that contains all the resources and gives the possibility to retrieve and navigate them from different perspectives. We combine the existing work done on knowledge domains (based on the Information Coding Classification) within the Multilingual Lexical Linked Data Cloud (based on the RDF/OWL EurowordNet and the related integrated lexical resources (MultiWordNet, EuroWordNet, MEMODATA Lexicon, Hamburg Methaphor DB).
    Date
    22. 9.2014 19:01:18
    Source
    Knowledge organization in the 21st century: between historical patterns and future prospects. Proceedings of the Thirteenth International ISKO Conference 19-22 May 2014, Kraków, Poland. Ed.: Wieslaw Babik
  10. Mitchell, J.S.; Zeng, M.L.; Zumer, M.: Modeling classification systems in multicultural and multilingual contexts (2014) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    This article reports on the second part of an initiative of the authors on researching classification systems with the conceptual model defined by the Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data (FRSAD) final report. In an earlier study, the authors explored whether the FRSAD conceptual model could be extended beyond subject authority data to model classification data. The focus of the current study is to determine if classification data modeled using FRSAD can be used to solve real-world discovery problems in multicultural and multilingual contexts. The article discusses the relationships between entities (same type or different types) in the context of classification systems that involve multiple translations and/or multicultural implementations. Results of two case studies are presented in detail: (a) two instances of the Dewey Decimal Classification [DDC] (DDC 22 in English, and the Swedish-English mixed translation of DDC 22), and (b) Chinese Library Classification. The use cases of conceptual models in practice are also discussed.
    Footnote
    Contribution in a special issue "Beyond libraries: Subject metadata in the digital environment and Semantic Web" - Enthält Beiträge der gleichnamigen IFLA Satellite Post-Conference, 17-18 August 2012, Tallinn.
  11. Rettinger, A.; Schumilin, A.; Thoma, S.; Ell, B.: Learning a cross-lingual semantic representation of relations expressed in text (2015) 0.01 
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    Series
    Information Systems and Applications, incl. Internet/Web, and HCI; Bd. 9088
    Source
    The Semantic Web: latest advances and new domains. 12th European Semantic Web Conference, ESWC 2015 Portoroz, Slovenia, May 31 -- June 4, 2015. Proceedings. Eds.: F. Gandon u.a
  12. Clavel-Merrin, G.: ¬Der Bedarf nach Kooperation bei Erarbeitung und Pflege mehrsprachiger Schlagwortnormdateien (1999) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Die Aufgabe der Erabeitung, Verwaltung und Pflege mehrsprachiger Schlagwortnormdateien erfordert erheblich Mittel und sollte daher am besten in Kooperation erfolgen. 4 europäische Nationalbibliotheken (die Schweizerische Landesbibliothek, die Bibliothèque de France, Die Deutsche Bibliothek und die British Library) haben gemeinsam eine Machbarkeitsstudie über die Verknüpfung bestehender Schlagwortverzeichnisse in verschiedenen Sprachen erarbeitet, um einen mehrsprachigen Schlagwort-Zugang zu ihren Daten zu ermöglichen
  13. Cunliffe, D.; Herring, S.C.: Introduction to minority languages, multimedia and the Web (2005) 0.01 
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    Content
    Einleitung in ein Themenheft "Minority languages, multimedia and the Web"
  14. Freitas-Junior, H.R.; Ribeiro-Neto, B.A.; Freitas-Vale, R. de; Laender, A.H.F.; Lima, L.R.S. de: Categorization-driven cross-language retrieval of medical information (2006) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The Web has become a large repository of documents (or pages) written in many different languages. In this context, traditional information retrieval (IR) techniques cannot be used whenever the user query and the documents being retrieved are in different languages. To address this problem, new cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) techniques have been proposed. In this work, we describe a method for cross-language retrieval of medical information. This method combines query terms and related medical concepts obtained automatically through a categorization procedure. The medical concepts are used to create a linguistic abstraction that allows retrieval of information in a language-independent way, minimizing linguistic problems such as polysemy. To evaluate our method, we carried out experiments using the OHSUMED test collection, whose documents are written in English, with queries expressed in Portuguese, Spanish, and French. The results indicate that our cross-language retrieval method is as effective as a standard vector space model algorithm operating on queries and documents in the same language. Further, our results are better than previous results in the literature.
    Date
    22. 7.2006 16:46:36
  15. Fulford, H.: Monolingual or multilingual web sites? : An exploratory study of UK SMEs (2000) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The strategic importance of the internet as a tool for penetrating global markets is increasingly being realized by UK-based SMEs (Small- Medium-sized Enterprises). This may be evidenced by the proliferation over the past few years of SME web sites promoting products and services, and more recently still by the growing number of SMEs offering facilities on their web sites for conducting business transactions online. In this paper, we report on an exploratory study considering the use being made of the world wide web by UK-based SMEs. The study is focussed on the strategies SMEs are employing to communicate via the web with an international client base. We investigate in particular the languages being used to present web content, considering specifically the extent to which English is being employed. Preliminary results obtained to date suggest that there is heavy reliance on the assumption that the language of the web is English. Based on the findings of our study, we discuss some of the performance and competition issues surrounding the use of foreign languages in business, and consider some of the possible barriers to SMEs creating multilingual web sites. We conclude by making some recommendations for SMEs endeavouring to establish a multilingual online presence, and note the strategic role to be played by web designers, IT consultants, business strategists, professional translators, and localization specialists to help achieve this presence effectively and professionally
  16. Cunliffe, D.; Jones, H.; Jarvis, M.; Egan, K.; Huws, R.; Munro, S,: Information architecture for bilingual Web sites (2002) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Creating an information architecture for a bilingual Web site presents particular challenges beyond those that exist for single and multilanguage sites. This article reports work in progress an the development of a contentbased bilingual Web site to facilitate the sharing of resources and information between Speech and Language Therapists. The development of the information architecture is based an a combination of two aspects: an abstract structural analysis of existing bilingual Web designs focusing an the presentation of bilingual material, and a bilingual card-sorting activity conducted with potential users. Issues for bilingual developments are discussed, and some observations are made regarding the use of card-sorting activities.
  17. Subirats, I.; Prasad, A.R.D.; Keizer, J.; Bagdanov, A.: Implementation of rich metadata formats and demantic tools using DSpace (2008) 0.01 
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    Source
    Metadata for semantic and social applications : proceedings of the International Conference on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications, Berlin, 22 - 26 September 2008, DC 2008: Berlin, Germany / ed. by Jane Greenberg and Wolfgang Klas
    Theme
    Semantic Web
  18. Qin, J.; Zhou, Y.; Chau, M.; Chen, H.: Multilingual Web retrieval : an experiment in English-Chinese business intelligence (2006) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    As increasing numbers of non-English resources have become available on the Web, the interesting and important issue of how Web users can retrieve documents in different languages has arisen. Cross-language information retrieval (CLIP), the study of retrieving information in one language by queries expressed in another language, is a promising approach to the problem. Cross-language information retrieval has attracted much attention in recent years. Most research systems have achieved satisfactory performance on standard Text REtrieval Conference (TREC) collections such as news articles, but CLIR techniques have not been widely studied and evaluated for applications such as Web portals. In this article, the authors present their research in developing and evaluating a multilingual English-Chinese Web portal that incorporates various CLIP techniques for use in the business domain. A dictionary-based approach was adopted and combines phrasal translation, co-occurrence analysis, and pre- and posttranslation query expansion. The portal was evaluated by domain experts, using a set of queries in both English and Chinese. The experimental results showed that co-occurrence-based phrasal translation achieved a 74.6% improvement in precision over simple word-byword translation. When used together, pre- and posttranslation query expansion improved the performance slightly, achieving a 78.0% improvement over the baseline word-by-word translation approach. In general, applying CLIR techniques in Web applications shows promise.
  19. Turner, J.M.: Cultural markers and localising the MIC site (2008) 0.00 
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    Content
    Merely translating web sites is not sufficient for serving international clienteles. Web sites need to be "localised". This involves adapting various informational aspects to address the local population in such a way that users understand the content and its use in the context of their own culture. A cultural marker denotes a convention used on a web site to address a particular population. Research in the area of localisation has concentrated on commercial web sites and software. We found that localisation of cultural web sites increases the complexity of the information management issues. As a project of the Section on Audiovisual and Multimedia of IFLA, a kind for localising the The Moving Image Collections (MIC) site was developed, then tested by using it to localise a selection of pages from the web site in French, Spanish, and Arabic. The kit, in the form of a .pdf file, can be used to produce a version of the MIC site localised for any other language or ethnic community.
  20. Chan, L.M.; Lin, X.; Zeng, M.L.: Structural and multilingual approaches to subject access on the Web (2000) 0.00 
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