-
Malsburg, C. von der: ¬The correlation theory of brain function (1981)
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- Source
- http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1380%2F1%2FvdM_correlation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0g7DvZbQPb2U7dYb49b9v_
-
Tolle, J.: Current utilisation of online catalogs : transaction log analysis: final report to the Council on Library Resources (1983)
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-
Münnich, M.: Katalogisieren auf dem PC : ein Pflichtenheft für die Formalkatalogisierung (1988)
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- Abstract
- Examines a simpler cataloguing format offered by PCs, without disturbing compatibility, using A-Z cataloguing rules for data input, category codes for tagging and computer-supported data input through windows. Gives numerous examples of catalogue entries, basing techniques on certain category schemes set out by Klaus Haller and Hans Popst. Examines catalogue entries in respect of categories of data bases for authors and corporate names, titles, single volume works, serial issues of collected works, and limited editions of works in several volumes.
- Source
- Bibliotheksdienst. 22(1988) H.9, S.841-856
-
Teskey, F.N.: User models and world models for data, information and knowledge (1989)
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- Abstract
- In this article we identify the need for a new theory of data, information, and knowledge. A model is developed that distinguishes between data as directly observable facts, information as structured collections of data, and knowledge as methods of using information. The model is intended to support a wide range of information systems. In the article we develop the use of the model for a semantic information retrieval system using the concept of semantic categories. The likely benefits of this are discussed, though as yet no detailed evaluation has been conducted
-
Dewey, M.: Decimal classification and relativ index : introduction (1985)
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- Abstract
- To those outside the field of library science, the name Melvil Dewey (1851-1931) is virtually synonymous with library classification. To those in the field, Dewey has been recognized as the premier classification maker. His enormously successful system (i.e., successful in terms of the wide adoption of the system around the world for over one hundred years) has now undergone nineteen editions. The Dewey Decimal Classification has been translated into more than twenty languages and is the most widely adopted classification scheme in the world. Even in its earliest manifestations, the Dewey Decimal Classification contained features that anticipated modern classification theory. Among these are the use of mnemonics and the commonly applied standard subdivisions, later called "common isolates" by S. R. Ranganathan (q.v.), which are the mainstays of facet analysis and synthesis. The device of standard subdivisions is an indication of the recognition of common aspects that pervade all subjects. The use of mnemonics, whereby recurring concepts in the scheme are represented by the same notation, for example, geographic concepts and language concepts, eased the transition of the Dewey Decimal Classification from a largely enumerative system to an increasingly faceted one. Another significant feature of the Dewey Decimal Classification is the use of the hierarchical notation based an the arabic numeral system. To a large extent, this feature accounts for the wide use and success of the system in the world across language barriers. With the prospect of increasing online information retrieval, the hierarchical notation will have a significant impact an the effectiveness of the Dewey Decimal Classification as an online retrieval tool. Because the notation is hierarchical, for example, with increasing digits in a number representing narrower subjects and decreasing digits indicating broader subjects, the Dewey Decimal Classification is particularly useful in generic searches for broadening or narrowing search results. In the preface to the second edition of his Decimal Classification Dewey explained the features of his "new" system. The excerpt below presents his ideas and theory concerning the rational basis of his classification, the standard subdivisions, the hierarchical notation based an decimal numbers, the use of mnemonics, the relative index, and relative location. It also reflects Dewey's lifelong interest in simplified spelling.
-
Glickert, P.: Gradational classification : a topic-tagging scheme for computerized production of a scannable list (1982)
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-
Dickson, J.: ¬An analysis of user errors in searching an online catalog (1984)
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- Abstract
- The study extracts a sample of zero-hit author and title searches from the transaction log of Northwestern University Library's online catalog. It analyzes why the searches failed, in an effort to understand the users' conceptual model of the online catalog.
-
Peters, T.A.: When smart people fail : an analysis of the transaction log of an online public access catalog (1989)
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- Abstract
- This article reports on a low-cost study of the transaction log of an online public access catalog at an academic library. The three goals of the study were to determine failure rates, to study usage patterns, and to investigate problable causes of patron problems when using the OPAC. The study found that failure rates (defined as those searches that produced zero hits) of approximately 40% are common, and that usage patterns and failure rates do not vary greatly over time or from terminal to terminal, but that the distribution of probable causes of user problems varies significantly from terminal to terminal
-
Barnett, J.B.: Technical report cataloging for OCLC (1988)
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- Abstract
- Specific provisions for cataloging technical reports are included in OCLC's Book Format. Over 200 technical report records for publications in the marine sciences, input by 60 libraries, were retrieved from the OCLC database and studied to determine the extent of use of the technical report tagging fields and indicators. It was found that these tagging fields and indicators, provided to accommodate the bibliographic characteristics of technical reports, are infrequently used. Suggestions are made to improve the quality and increase the quantity of technical report records in the OCLC database.
-
Knight, D.: Ordering the world (1981)
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-
Burton, J.; Newport, J.; Robinson, E.: OPACs and JANET : a simple technique for easy user access (1989)
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- Abstract
- OPACs in an increasing number of libraries are now available using the Joint Academic Network (JANET). Access has tended to be obstructed, for the casual user, by the lengthy JANET addressing codes and varying log-on procedures required by each library system. Discribed how a communications and menu package on an IBK/PC can be used so that by merely pressing cursor control, return and escape keays, any user can gain access to any one of over 40 OPACs linked to JANET
-
Dixon, D.F.: DVI video graphics (1987)
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- Source
- Computer graphics world. 10(1987) no.7, S.125-
-
Schwarz, C.: THESYS: Thesaurus Syntax System : a fully automatic thesaurus building aid (1988)
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- Abstract
- THESYS is based on the natural language processing of free-text databases. It yields statistically evaluated correlations between words of the database. These correlations correspond to traditional thesaurus relations. The person who has to build a thesaurus is thus assisted by the proposals made by THESYS. THESYS is being tested on commercial databases under real world conditions. It is part of a text processing project at Siemens, called TINA (Text-Inhalts-Analyse). Software from TINA is actually being applied and evaluated by the US Department of Commerce for patent search and indexing (REALIST: REtrieval Aids by Linguistics and STatistics)
- Date
- 6. 1.1999 10:22:07
-
Mooers, C.N.: ¬The indexing language of an information retrieval system (1985)
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- Abstract
- Calvin Mooers' work toward the resolution of the problem of ambiguity in indexing went unrecognized for years. At the time he introduced the "descriptor" - a term with a very distinct meaning-indexers were, for the most part, taking index terms directly from the document, without either rationalizing them with context or normalizing them with some kind of classification. It is ironic that Mooers' term came to be attached to the popular but unsophisticated indexing methods which he was trying to root out. Simply expressed, what Mooers did was to take the dictionary definitions of terms and redefine them so clearly that they could not be used in any context except that provided by the new definition. He did, at great pains, construct such meanings for over four hundred words; disambiguation and specificity were sought after and found for these words. He proposed that all indexers adopt this method so that when the index supplied a term, it also supplied the exact meaning for that term as used in the indexed document. The same term used differently in another document would be defined differently and possibly renamed to avoid ambiguity. The disambiguation was achieved by using unabridged dictionaries and other sources of defining terminology. In practice, this tends to produce circularity in definition, that is, word A refers to word B which refers to word C which refers to word A. It was necessary, therefore, to break this chain by creating a new, definitive meaning for each word. Eventually, means such as those used by Austin (q.v.) for PRECIS achieved the same purpose, but by much more complex means than just creating a unique definition of each term. Mooers, however, was probably the first to realize how confusing undefined terminology could be. Early automatic indexers dealt with distinct disciplines and, as long as they did not stray beyond disciplinary boundaries, a quick and dirty keyword approach was satisfactory. The trouble came when attempts were made to make a combined index for two or more distinct disciplines. A number of processes have since been developed, mostly involving tagging of some kind or use of strings. Mooers' solution has rarely been considered seriously and probably would be extremely difficult to apply now because of so much interdisciplinarity. But for a specific, weIl defined field, it is still weIl worth considering. Mooers received training in mathematics and physics from the University of Minnesota and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was the founder of Zator Company, which developed and marketed a coded card information retrieval system, and of Rockford Research, Inc., which engages in research in information science. He is the inventor of the TRAC computer language.
- Footnote
- Original in: Information retrieval today: papers presented at an Institute conducted by the Library School and the Center for Continuation Study, University of Minnesota, Sept. 19-22, 1962. Ed. by Wesley Simonton. Minneapolis, Minn.: The Center, 1963. S.21-36.
-
Kinnel, S.K.: Hypertext on the PC : Guide, Version 2.0 (1989)
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-
Duncan, E.B.: Structuring knowledge bases for designers of learning materials (1989)
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- Abstract
- Three pre-web articles about using hypertext for knowledge representation. Duncan discusses how to use graphical, hypertext displays (she used Xerox PARC's NoteCards on a Xerox 1186 workstation) along with concept maps and facet analysis, a combination that would now be done with topic maps. The screen shots of her graphical displays are quite interesting. Her interest in facets is in how to use them to show things to different people in different ways, for example, so that experts can enter knowledge into a system in one way while novices can see it in another. Duncan found that facet labels (e.g. Process and Product) prompted the expert to think of related concepts when inputting data, and made navigation easier for users. Facets can be joined together, e.g. "Agents (causing) Process," leading to a "reasoning system." She is especially interested in how to show relstionships between two things: e.g., A causes B, A uses B, A occurs in B. This is an important question in facet theory, but probably not worth worrying about in a small online classification where the relations are fixed and obvious. These articles may be difficult to find, in which case the reader can find a nice sumary in the next article, by Ellis and Vasconcelos (2000). Anyone interested in tracing the history of facets and hypertext will, however, want to see the originals.
-
Duncan, E.B.: ¬A faceted approach to hypertext (1989)
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- Abstract
- Three pre-web articles about using hypertext for knowledge representation. Duncan discusses how to use graphical, hypertext displays (she used Xerox PARC's NoteCards on a Xerox 1186 workstation) along with concept maps and facet analysis, a combination that would now be done with topic maps. The screen shots of her graphical displays are quite interesting. Her interest in facets is in how to use them to show things to different people in different ways, for example, so that experts can enter knowledge into a system in one way while novices can see it in another. Duncan found that facet labels (e.g. Process and Product) prompted the expert to think of related concepts when inputting data, and made navigation easier for users. Facets can be joined together, e.g. "Agents (causing) Process," leading to a "reasoning system." She is especially interested in how to show relstionships between two things: e.g., A causes B, A uses B, A occurs in B. This is an important question in facet theory, but probably not worth worrying about in a small online classification where the relations are fixed and obvious. These articles may be difficult to find, in which case the reader can find a nice sumary in the next article, by Ellis and Vasconcelos (2000). Anyone interested in tracing the history of facets and hypertext will, however, want to see the originals.
-
Brookes, B.C.: ¬The foundations of information science : Pt.1: Philosophical aspects (1980)
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- Abstract
- It is first argued that a niche for information science, unclaimed by any other discipline, can be found by admitting the near-autonomy of Popper's World III - the world of objective knowledge. The task of information science can then be defined as the exploration of this world of objective knowledge which is an extension of, but is distinct from, the world of documentation and librarianship. The Popperian ontology then has to be extended to admit the concept of information and its relations to subjective and objective knowledge. The spaces of Popper's three worlds are then considered. It is argued that cognitive and physical spaces are not identical and that this lack of identity creates problems for the proper quantification of information phenomena
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Wiener, P.B.: Mad bombers and ethical librarians : a dialogue with Robert Hauptman and John Swan (1987)
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- Source
- Catholic library world. 58(1987), S.161-163
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Studwell, W.E.: Library of Congress Subject Heading period subdivisions for Australia, New Zealand and selected world islands : some proposed additions (1985)
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