-
Cao, L.; Leong, M.-K.; Low, H.-B.: Searching heterogeneous multilingual bibliographic sources (1998)
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- Abstract
- Propopses a Web-based architecture for searching distributed heterogeneous multi-asian language bibliographic sources, and describes a successful pilot implementation of the system at the Chinese Library (CLib) system developed in Singapore and tested at 2 university libraries and a public library
- Date
- 1. 8.1996 22:08:06
- Footnote
- Contribution to a special issue devoted to the Proceedings of the 7th International World Wide Web Conference, held 14-18 April 1998, Brisbane, Australia
-
Fulford, H.: Monolingual or multilingual web sites? : An exploratory study of UK SMEs (2000)
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- Abstract
- The strategic importance of the internet as a tool for penetrating global markets is increasingly being realized by UK-based SMEs (Small- Medium-sized Enterprises). This may be evidenced by the proliferation over the past few years of SME web sites promoting products and services, and more recently still by the growing number of SMEs offering facilities on their web sites for conducting business transactions online. In this paper, we report on an exploratory study considering the use being made of the world wide web by UK-based SMEs. The study is focussed on the strategies SMEs are employing to communicate via the web with an international client base. We investigate in particular the languages being used to present web content, considering specifically the extent to which English is being employed. Preliminary results obtained to date suggest that there is heavy reliance on the assumption that the language of the web is English. Based on the findings of our study, we discuss some of the performance and competition issues surrounding the use of foreign languages in business, and consider some of the possible barriers to SMEs creating multilingual web sites. We conclude by making some recommendations for SMEs endeavouring to establish a multilingual online presence, and note the strategic role to be played by web designers, IT consultants, business strategists, professional translators, and localization specialists to help achieve this presence effectively and professionally
-
Powell, J.; Fox, E.A.: Multilingual federated searching across heterogeneous collections (1998)
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- Abstract
- This article describes a scalable system for searching heterogeneous multilingual collections on the World Wide Web. It details a markup language for describing the characteristics of a search engine and its interface, and a protocol for requesting word translations between languages.
-
Li, K.W.; Yang, C.C.: Conceptual analysis of parallel corpus collected from the Web (2006)
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- Abstract
- As illustrated by the World Wide Web, the volume of information in languages other than English has grown significantly in recent years. This highlights the importance of multilingual corpora. Much effort has been devoted to the compilation of multilingual corpora for the purpose of cross-lingual information retrieval and machine translation. Existing parallel corpora mostly involve European languages, such as English-French and English-Spanish. There is still a lack of parallel corpora between European languages and Asian. languages. In the authors' previous work, an alignment method to identify one-to-one Chinese and English title pairs was developed to construct an English-Chinese parallel corpus that works automatically from the World Wide Web, and a 100% precision and 87% recall were obtained. Careful analysis of these results has helped the authors to understand how the alignment method can be improved. A conceptual analysis was conducted, which includes the analysis of conceptual equivalent and conceptual information alternation in the aligned and nonaligned English-Chinese title pairs that are obtained by the alignment method. The result of the analysis not only reflects the characteristics of parallel corpora, but also gives insight into the strengths and weaknesses of the alignment method. In particular, conceptual alternation, such as omission and addition, is found to have a significant impact on the performance of the alignment method.
-
Yang, C.C.; Lam, W.: Introduction to the special topic section on multilingual information systems (2006)
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- Abstract
- The information available in languages other than English on the World Wide Web and global information systems is increasing significantly. According to some recent reports. the growth of non-English speaking Internet users is significantly higher than the growth of English-speaking Internet users. Asia and Europe have become the two most-populated regions of Internet users. However, there are many different languages in the many different countries of Asia and Europe. And there are many countries in the world using more than one language as their official languages. For example, Chinese and English are official languages in Hong Kong SAR; English and French are official languages in Canada. In the global economy, information systems are no longer utilized by users in a single geographical region but all over the world. Information can be generated, stored, processed, and accessed in several different languages. All of this reveals the importance of research in multilingual information systems.
-
Talvensaari, T.; Juhola, M.; Laurikkala, J.; Järvelin, K.: Corpus-based cross-language information retrieval in retrieval of highly relevant documents (2007)
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- Abstract
- Information retrieval systems' ability to retrieve highly relevant documents has become more and more important in the age of extremely large collections, such as the World Wide Web (WWW). The authors' aim was to find out how corpus-based cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) manages in retrieving highly relevant documents. They created a Finnish-Swedish comparable corpus from two loosely related document collections and used it as a source of knowledge for query translation. Finnish test queries were translated into Swedish and run against a Swedish test collection. Graded relevance assessments were used in evaluating the results and three relevance criterion levels-liberal, regular, and stringent-were applied. The runs were also evaluated with generalized recall and precision, which weight the retrieved documents according to their relevance level. The performance of the Comparable Corpus Translation system (COCOT) was compared to that of a dictionarybased query translation program; the two translation methods were also combined. The results indicate that corpus-based CUR performs particularly well with highly relevant documents. In average precision, COCOT even matched the monolingual baseline on the highest relevance level. The performance of the different query translation methods was further analyzed by finding out reasons for poor rankings of highly relevant documents.
-
Mitchell, J.S.; Zeng, M.L.; Zumer, M.: Modeling classification systems in multicultural and multilingual contexts (2012)
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- Abstract
- This paper reports on the second part of an initiative of the authors on researching classification systems with the conceptual model defined by the Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data (FRSAD) final report. In an earlier study, the authors explored whether the FRSAD conceptual model could be extended beyond subject authority data to model classification data. The focus of the current study is to determine if classification data modeled using FRSAD can be used to solve real-world discovery problems in multicultural and multilingual contexts. The paper discusses the relationships between entities (same type or different types) in the context of classification systems that involve multiple translations and /or multicultural implementations. Results of two case studies are presented in detail: (a) two instances of the DDC (DDC 22 in English, and the Swedish-English mixed translation of DDC 22), and (b) Chinese Library Classification. The use cases of conceptual models in practice are also discussed.
- Source
- Beyond libraries - subject metadata in the digital environment and semantic web. IFLA Satellite Post-Conference, 17-18 August 2012, Tallinn
-
Mitchell, J.S.; Zeng, M.L.; Zumer, M.: Modeling classification systems in multicultural and multilingual contexts (2014)
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- Abstract
- This article reports on the second part of an initiative of the authors on researching classification systems with the conceptual model defined by the Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data (FRSAD) final report. In an earlier study, the authors explored whether the FRSAD conceptual model could be extended beyond subject authority data to model classification data. The focus of the current study is to determine if classification data modeled using FRSAD can be used to solve real-world discovery problems in multicultural and multilingual contexts. The article discusses the relationships between entities (same type or different types) in the context of classification systems that involve multiple translations and/or multicultural implementations. Results of two case studies are presented in detail: (a) two instances of the Dewey Decimal Classification [DDC] (DDC 22 in English, and the Swedish-English mixed translation of DDC 22), and (b) Chinese Library Classification. The use cases of conceptual models in practice are also discussed.
- Footnote
- Contribution in a special issue "Beyond libraries: Subject metadata in the digital environment and Semantic Web" - Enthält Beiträge der gleichnamigen IFLA Satellite Post-Conference, 17-18 August 2012, Tallinn.
-
Gee, Q.: Review of script displays of African languages by current software (2005)
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- Abstract
- All recorded African languages that have a writing system have orthographies which use the Roman or Arabic scripts, with a few exceptions. While Unicode successfully handles the encoding of both these scripts, current software, in particular Web browsers, take little account of users wishing to operate in a minority script. Their use for displaying African languages has been limited by the availability of facilities and the desire to communicate with the 'world' through major languages such as English and French. There is a need for more use of the indigenous languages to strengthen their language communities and the use of the local scripts in enhancing the learning, teaching, and general use of their own languages by their speaking communities.
- Content
- Beitrag in einem Themenheft "Minority languages, multimedia and the Web"
-
Huckstorf, A.; Petras, V.: Mind the lexical gap : EuroVoc Building Block of the Semantic Web (2011)
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- Abstract
- Ein Konferenzereignis der besonderen Art fand am 18. und 19. November 2010 in Luxemburg statt. Initiiert durch das Amt für Veröffentlichungen der Europäischen Union (http://publications.europa.eu) waren Bibliothekare und Information Professionals eingeladen, um über die Zukunft mehrsprachiger kontrollierter Vokabulare in Informationssystemen und insbesondere deren Beitrag zum Semantic Web zu diskutieren. Organisiert wurde die Konferenz durch das EuroVoc-Team, das den Thesaurus der Europäischen Union bearbeitet. Die letzte EuroVoc-Konferenz fand im Jahr 2006 statt. In der Zwischenzeit ist EuroVoc zu einem ontologie-basierten Thesaurusmanagementsystem übergegangen und hat systematisch begonnen, Semantic-Web-Technologien für die Bearbeitung und Repräsentation einzusetzen und sich mit anderen Vokabularen zu vernetzen. Ein produktiver Austausch fand mit den Produzenten anderer europäischer und internationaler Vokabulare (z.B. United Nations oder FAO) sowie Vertretern aus Projekten, die an Themen über automatische Indexierung (hier insbesondere parlamentarische und rechtliche Dokumente) sowie Interoperabilitiät zwischen Vokabularen arbeiten, statt.
- Date
- 29. 3.2013 17:46:08
-
Gey, F.C.; Kando, N.; Peters, C.: Cross-Language Information Retrieval : the way ahead (2005)
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- Abstract
- This introductory paper covers not only the research content of the articles in this special issue of IP&M but attempts to characterize the state-of-the-art in the Cross-Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) domain. We present our view of some major directions for CLIR research in the future. In particular, we find that insufficient attention has been given to the Web as a resource for multilingual research, and to languages which are spoken by hundreds of millions of people in the world but have been mainly neglected by the CLIR research community. In addition, we find that most CLIR evaluation has focussed narrowly on the news genre to the exclusion of other important genres such as scientific and technical literature. The paper concludes by describing an ambitious 5-year research plan proposed by James Mayfield and Paul McNamee.
-
Rettinger, A.; Schumilin, A.; Thoma, S.; Ell, B.: Learning a cross-lingual semantic representation of relations expressed in text (2015)
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- Series
- Information Systems and Applications, incl. Internet/Web, and HCI; Bd. 9088
- Source
- The Semantic Web: latest advances and new domains. 12th European Semantic Web Conference, ESWC 2015 Portoroz, Slovenia, May 31 -- June 4, 2015. Proceedings. Eds.: F. Gandon u.a
-
Peters, C.; Picchi, E.: Across languages, across cultures : issues in multilinguality and digital libraries (1997)
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- Abstract
- With the recent rapid diffusion over the international computer networks of world-wide distributed document bases, the question of multilingual access and multilingual information retrieval is becoming increasingly relevant. We briefly discuss just some of the issues that must be addressed in order to implement a multilingual interface for a Digital Library system and describe our own approach to this problem.
-
Cunliffe, D.; Herring, S.C.: Introduction to minority languages, multimedia and the Web (2005)
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- Content
- Einleitung in ein Themenheft "Minority languages, multimedia and the Web"
-
Bian, G.-W.; Chen, H.-H.: Cross-language information access to multilingual collections on the Internet (2000)
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- Abstract
- Language barrier is the major problem that people face in searching for, retrieving, and understanding multilingual collections on the Internet. This paper deals with query translation and document translation in a Chinese-English information retrieval system called MTIR. Bilingual dictionary and monolingual corpus-based approaches are adopted to select suitable tranlated query terms. A machine transliteration algorithm is introduced to resolve proper name searching. We consider several design issues for document translation, including which material is translated, what roles the HTML tags play in translation, what the tradeoff is between the speed performance and the translation performance, and what from the translated result is presented in. About 100.000 Web pages translated in the last 4 months of 1997 are used for quantitative study of online and real-time Web page translation
- Date
- 16. 2.2000 14:22:39
-
Cunliffe, D.; Jones, H.; Jarvis, M.; Egan, K.; Huws, R.; Munro, S,: Information architecture for bilingual Web sites (2002)
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- Abstract
- Creating an information architecture for a bilingual Web site presents particular challenges beyond those that exist for single and multilanguage sites. This article reports work in progress an the development of a contentbased bilingual Web site to facilitate the sharing of resources and information between Speech and Language Therapists. The development of the information architecture is based an a combination of two aspects: an abstract structural analysis of existing bilingual Web designs focusing an the presentation of bilingual material, and a bilingual card-sorting activity conducted with potential users. Issues for bilingual developments are discussed, and some observations are made regarding the use of card-sorting activities.
-
Effektive Information Retrieval Verfahren in Theorie und Praxis : ausgewählte und erweiterte Beiträge des Vierten Hildesheimer Evaluierungs- und Retrievalworkshop (HIER 2005), Hildesheim, 20.7.2005 (2006)
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- Content
- Inhalt: Jan-Hendrik Scheufen: RECOIN: Modell offener Schnittstellen für Information-Retrieval-Systeme und -Komponenten Markus Nick, Klaus-Dieter Althoff: Designing Maintainable Experience-based Information Systems Gesine Quint, Steffen Weichert: Die benutzerzentrierte Entwicklung des Produkt- Retrieval-Systems EIKON der Blaupunkt GmbH Claus-Peter Klas, Sascha Kriewel, André Schaefer, Gudrun Fischer: Das DAFFODIL System - Strategische Literaturrecherche in Digitalen Bibliotheken Matthias Meiert: Entwicklung eines Modells zur Integration digitaler Dokumente in die Universitätsbibliothek Hildesheim Daniel Harbig, René Schneider: Ontology Learning im Rahmen von MyShelf Michael Kluck, Marco Winter: Topic-Entwicklung und Relevanzbewertung bei GIRT: ein Werkstattbericht Thomas Mandl: Neue Entwicklungen bei den Evaluierungsinitiativen im Information Retrieval Joachim Pfister: Clustering von Patent-Dokumenten am Beispiel der Datenbanken des Fachinformationszentrums Karlsruhe Ralph Kölle, Glenn Langemeier, Wolfgang Semar: Programmieren lernen in kollaborativen Lernumgebungen Olga Tartakovski, Margaryta Shramko: Implementierung eines Werkzeugs zur Sprachidentifikation in mono- und multilingualen Texten Nina Kummer: Indexierungstechniken für das japanische Retrieval Suriya Na Nhongkai, Hans-Joachim Bentz: Bilinguale Suche mittels Konzeptnetzen Robert Strötgen, Thomas Mandl, René Schneider: Entwicklung und Evaluierung eines Question Answering Systems im Rahmen des Cross Language Evaluation Forum (CLEF) Niels Jensen: Evaluierung von mehrsprachigem Web-Retrieval: Experimente mit dem EuroGOV-Korpus im Rahmen des Cross Language Evaluation Forum (CLEF)
- Footnote
- Im ersten Kapitel "Retrieval-Systeme" werden verschiedene Information RetrievalSysteme präsentiert und Verfahren zu deren Gestaltung diskutiert. Jan-Hendrik Scheufen stellt das Meta-Framework RECOIN zur Information Retrieval Forschung vor, das sich durch eine flexible Handhabung unterschiedlichster Applikationen auszeichnet und dadurch eine zentrierte Protokollierung und Steuerung von Retrieval-Prozessen ermöglicht. Dieses Konzept eines offenen, komponentenbasierten Systems wurde in Form eines Plug-Ins für die javabasierte Open-Source-Plattform Eclipse realisiert. Markus Nick und Klaus-Dieter Althoff erläutern in ihrem Beitrag, der übrigens der einzige englischsprachige Text im Buch ist, das Verfahren DILLEBIS zur Erhaltung und Pflege (Maintenance) von erfahrungsbasierten Informationssystemen. Sie bezeichnen dieses Verfahren als Maintainable Experience-based Information System und plädieren für eine Ausrichtung von erfahrungsbasierten Systemen entsprechend diesem Modell. Gesine Quint und Steffen Weichert stellen dagegen in ihrem Beitrag die benutzerzentrierte Entwicklung des Produkt-Retrieval-Systems EIKON vor, das in Kooperation mit der Blaupunkt GmbH realisiert wurde. In einem iterativen Designzyklus erfolgte die Gestaltung von gruppenspezifischen Interaktionsmöglichkeiten für ein Car-Multimedia-Zubehör-System. Im zweiten Kapitel setzen sich mehrere Autoren dezidierter mit dem Anwendungsgebiet "Digitale Bibliothek" auseinander. Claus-Peter Klas, Sascha Kriewel, Andre Schaefer und Gudrun Fischer von der Universität Duisburg-Essen stellen das System DAFFODIL vor, das durch eine Vielzahl an Werkzeugen zur strategischen Unterstützung bei Literaturrecherchen in digitalen Bibliotheken dient. Zusätzlich ermöglicht die Protokollierung sämtlicher Ereignisse den Einsatz des Systems als Evaluationsplattform. Der Aufsatz von Matthias Meiert erläutert die Implementierung von elektronischen Publikationsprozessen an Hochschulen am Beispiel von Abschlussarbeiten des Studienganges Internationales Informationsmanagement der Universität Hildesheim. Neben Rahmenbedingungen werden sowohl der Ist-Zustand als auch der Soll-Zustand des wissenschaftlichen elektronischen Publizierens in Form von gruppenspezifischen Empfehlungen dargestellt. Daniel Harbig und Rene Schneider beschreiben in ihrem Aufsatz zwei Verfahrensweisen zum maschinellen Erlernen von Ontologien, angewandt am virtuellen Bibliotheksregal MyShelf. Nach der Evaluation dieser beiden Ansätze plädieren die Autoren für ein semi-automatisiertes Verfahren zur Erstellung von Ontologien.
"Evaluierung", das Thema des dritten Kapitels, ist in seiner Breite nicht auf das Information Retrieval beschränkt sondern beinhaltet ebenso einzelne Aspekte der Bereiche Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion sowie des E-Learning. Michael Muck und Marco Winter von der Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik sowie dem Informationszentrum Sozialwissenschaften thematisieren in ihrem Beitrag den Einfluss der Fragestellung (Topic) auf die Bewertung von Relevanz und zeigen Verfahrensweisen für die Topic-Erstellung auf, die beim Cross Language Evaluation Forum (CLEF) Anwendung finden. Im darauf folgenden Aufsatz stellt Thomas Mandl verschiedene Evaluierungsinitiativen im Information Retrieval und aktuelle Entwicklungen dar. Joachim Pfister erläutert in seinem Beitrag das automatisierte Gruppieren, das sogenannte Clustering, von Patent-Dokumenten in den Datenbanken des Fachinformationszentrums Karlsruhe und evaluiert unterschiedliche Clusterverfahren auf Basis von Nutzerbewertungen. Ralph Kölle, Glenn Langemeier und Wolfgang Semar widmen sich dem kollaborativen Lernen unter den speziellen Bedingungen des Programmierens. Dabei werden das System VitaminL zur synchronen Bearbeitung von Programmieraufgaben und das Kennzahlensystem K-3 für die Bewertung kollaborativer Zusammenarbeit in einer Lehrveranstaltung angewendet. Der aktuelle Forschungsschwerpunkt der Hildesheimer Informationswissenschaft zeichnet sich im vierten Kapitel unter dem Thema "Multilinguale Systeme" ab. Hier finden sich die meisten Beiträge des Tagungsbandes wieder. Olga Tartakovski und Margaryta Shramko beschreiben und prüfen das System Langldent, das die Sprache von mono- und multilingualen Texten identifiziert. Die Eigenheiten der japanischen Schriftzeichen stellt Nina Kummer dar und vergleicht experimentell die unterschiedlichen Techniken der Indexierung. Suriya Na Nhongkai und Hans-Joachim Bentz präsentieren und prüfen eine bilinguale Suche auf Basis von Konzeptnetzen, wobei die Konzeptstruktur das verbindende Elemente der beiden Textsammlungen darstellt. Das Entwickeln und Evaluieren eines mehrsprachigen Question-Answering-Systems im Rahmen des Cross Language Evaluation Forum (CLEF), das die alltagssprachliche Formulierung von konkreten Fragestellungen ermöglicht, wird im Beitrag von Robert Strötgen, Thomas Mandl und Rene Schneider thematisiert. Den Schluss bildet der Aufsatz von Niels Jensen, der ein mehrsprachiges Web-Retrieval-System ebenfalls im Zusammenhang mit dem CLEF anhand des multilingualen EuroGOVKorpus evaluiert.
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Dilevko, J.; Dali, K.: ¬The challenge of building multilingual collections in Canadian public libraries (2002)
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- Abstract
- A Web-based survey was conducted to determine the extent to which Canadian public libraries are collecting multilingual materials (foreign languages other than English and French), the methods that they use to select these materials, and whether public librarians are sufficiently prepared to provide their multilingual clientele with an adequate range of materials and services. There is room for improvement with regard to collection development of multilingual materials in Canadian public libraries, as well as in educating staff about keeping multilingual collections current, diverse, and of sufficient interest to potential users to keep such materials circulating. The main constraints preventing public libraries from developing better multilingual collections are addressed, and recommendations for improving the state of multilingual holdings are provided.
- Date
- 10. 9.2000 17:38:22
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Qin, J.; Zhou, Y.; Chau, M.; Chen, H.: Multilingual Web retrieval : an experiment in English-Chinese business intelligence (2006)
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- Abstract
- As increasing numbers of non-English resources have become available on the Web, the interesting and important issue of how Web users can retrieve documents in different languages has arisen. Cross-language information retrieval (CLIP), the study of retrieving information in one language by queries expressed in another language, is a promising approach to the problem. Cross-language information retrieval has attracted much attention in recent years. Most research systems have achieved satisfactory performance on standard Text REtrieval Conference (TREC) collections such as news articles, but CLIR techniques have not been widely studied and evaluated for applications such as Web portals. In this article, the authors present their research in developing and evaluating a multilingual English-Chinese Web portal that incorporates various CLIP techniques for use in the business domain. A dictionary-based approach was adopted and combines phrasal translation, co-occurrence analysis, and pre- and posttranslation query expansion. The portal was evaluated by domain experts, using a set of queries in both English and Chinese. The experimental results showed that co-occurrence-based phrasal translation achieved a 74.6% improvement in precision over simple word-byword translation. When used together, pre- and posttranslation query expansion improved the performance slightly, achieving a 78.0% improvement over the baseline word-by-word translation approach. In general, applying CLIR techniques in Web applications shows promise.
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Turner, J.M.: Cultural markers and localising the MIC site (2008)
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- Content
- Merely translating web sites is not sufficient for serving international clienteles. Web sites need to be "localised". This involves adapting various informational aspects to address the local population in such a way that users understand the content and its use in the context of their own culture. A cultural marker denotes a convention used on a web site to address a particular population. Research in the area of localisation has concentrated on commercial web sites and software. We found that localisation of cultural web sites increases the complexity of the information management issues. As a project of the Section on Audiovisual and Multimedia of IFLA, a kind for localising the The Moving Image Collections (MIC) site was developed, then tested by using it to localise a selection of pages from the web site in French, Spanish, and Arabic. The kit, in the form of a .pdf file, can be used to produce a version of the MIC site localised for any other language or ethnic community.
