-
Chan, L.M.; Hodges, T.: Entering the millennium : a new century for LCSH (2000)
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- Abstract
- Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH), a system originally designed as a tool for subject access to the Library's own collection in the late nineteenth century, has become, in the course of the last century, the main subject retrieval tool in library catalogs throughout the United States and in many other countries. It is one of the largest non-specialized controlled vocabularies in the world. As LCSH enters a new century, it faces an information environment that has undergone vast changes from what had prevailed when LCSH began, or, indeed, from its state in the early days of the online age. In order to continue its mission and to be useful in spheres outside library catalogs as well, LCSH must adapt to the multifarious environment. One possible approach is to adopt a series of scalable and flexible syntax and application rules to meet the needs of different user communities
- Date
- 27. 5.2001 16:22:21
- Series
- Cataloging and classification quarterly; vol.29, nos.1/2
- Theme
- Verbale Doksprachen im Online-Retrieval
-
Web 2.0-Pionier ortet kollektive Intelligenz im Internet : Technologieschübe kommen über mobile Endgeräte und Spracherkennung (2007)
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- Content
- "Die Vision von der künstlichen Intelligenz wird Wirklichkeit, sagt Computerbuchverleger und Web 2.0-Pionier Tim O'Reilly. Das Leben mit dem Internet sei viel weiter als manche ahnungslose Nutzer meinten. Und es gebe keinen Weg zurück. O'Reilly ist sich allerdings nicht sicher, ob der nächste große Technologie-Schub mit dem WorldWideWeb verbunden ist. " Wenn wir über unseren Umgang mit Computern reden, verbinden wir das immer noch damit, vor einem Bildschirm zu sitzen und auf einer Tastatur zu tippen. Aber Computer werden immer mehr in den Hintergrund gedrängt. Die offensichtliche Veränderung ist zunächst - was ja viele Menschen auch schon beschrieben haben-, dass auch mobile Endgeräte oder Mobiltelefone als Plattform dienen. Damit ist auch verbunden, dass Spracherkennung immer besser wird. Oder dass Fotoapparate mittlerweile mit GPS ausgestattet sind. Wenn Sie damit ein Foto machen, ist der Ort automatisch Teil des Fotos und damit Teil der Information, die Sie zum Beispiel auf eine Web-2.0-Anwendung wie flickr stellen. Und plötzlich lernt das globale Gehirn etwas, was Sie gar nicht beabsichtigt haben", betont O'Reilly. Microsoft habe eine Software vorgestellt, die Photosynth heißt. Mit ihr könnten aus aneinander gereihten Digitalfotos 3-D Modelle entworfen werden. Man müsse die Fotos nur mit "Tags" versehen, also markieren, und jemand anderes nutzt das und führt alles zu einem 3-D Modell zusammen. "Wir bewegen uns also in Richtung künstlicher Intelligenz. Allerdings ist immer noch ein Mensch dahinter, der dem Programm sagt, was es tun soll. Aber das Beispiel zeigt, was mit der Nutzung kollektiver Intelligenz gemeint ist. Wir geben immer mehr Daten in das globale Netzwerk ein, und Menschen schreiben Programme, die neue Verbindungen erstellen. Es ist, als würden die Synapsen des kollektiven Gehirns wachsen. Ich glaube, wir dürfen Überraschungen erwarten", meint O'Reilly.
- Date
- 29. 1.1997 18:49:05
- Source
- Wechselwirkung. 29(2007) Nr.141, S.11-12
-
Albrecht, C.: Begrabt die Bibliotheken! : Unser Kulturauftrag ist die Digitalisierung (2002)
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- Content
- Es gibt das öffentliche Gut "Informationsinfrastruktur" und das private Gut "Information". Für bestimmte Teile des Informationsmarktes werden Intermediäre wie Buchhändler und Bibliotheken überflüssig. Dies gilt vor allem für den Bereich naturwissenschaftlicher, medizinischer und technischer Literatur. Dieser Bereich ist teuer und ineffizient, weil zwei Funktionen miteinander vermischt sind. Zum einen geht es um die Versorgung mit Informationen darüber, was die Wissenschaft bereits geleistet hat und was nicht ein zweites Mal erarbeitet werden muß. Zum anderen geht es darum zu wissen: Wer hat was geleistet, wer wird auf seinem Fachgebiet künftig Herausragendes leisten. Es geht um Vergangenheit und um karriererelevantes Prestige. Gemessen wird das daran, wie oft jemand in Zeitschriften mit hoher Reputation veröffentlicht und wie häufig er zitiert wird. Diese doppelte Nachfrage treibt die Preise für wis-' senschaftliche Zeitschriften. In diesem System gegenseitiger, Begünstigung dienen die Bibliotheken nur noch als Parkplätze, auf denen Geldkoffer den Besitzer wechseln - wobei uns die Parkplatzwächterweismachen wollen, die Koffer seien zu klein. Ein Teil der Lösung wird im Direktbezug einzelner Aufsätze oder Informationen liegen, unter mehr oder weniger großer finanzieller Selbstbeteiligung der Wissenschaftler. Die Bibliothekare werden überflüssig wie Versicherungsmakler, sobald die Kun den ihre Versicherungen per Internet di rekt abschließen. Die strukturell bedingte Korruption je doch wird erst beendet sein, wenn das System der Informationsversorgung vom System der Prestigemessung getrennt sein wird. Die Herausgeber und Gutachter der wissenschaftlichen Zeitschriften, außerdem die übrigen Fachgelehrten und lesenden Wissensarbeiter sollten ihre Bewertungen von prestigeheischenden Beiträgen deshalb direkt in eine zentrale nationale oder besser internationale Datenbank eingeben, deren Inhalt öffentlich einsehbar ist und Auswertungen gestattet, beispielsweise wenn Stellen zu besetzen sind. Der Internetbuchhändler Amazon liefert mit seinen Leserbewertungen ein primitives Modell, das man beliebig verfeinern könnte. Und die Geisteswissenschaften? Bleiben sie nicht auf der Strecke, ebenso wie die Bibliotheken und ihr sogenannter "Kulturauftrag"? Am Beispiel der Bibliotheken zeigt sich vielmehr, daß wir die Digitalisierung der Gesellschaft, ihre Differenzierung nach funktionalen Gesichtspunkten selbst als unseren Kulturauftrag betrachten müssen. Einer künftigen Differenzierung in stark verschulte Lehramts- und "Bachelor"-Studiengänge einerseits und wissenschaftliche Master- und Promotionsstudiengänge andererseits entspräche eine Einteilung in möglichst virtualisierte Lehrstoffsammlungen und spezialisierte, um Archive oder Themenschwerpunkteherum organisierte Präsenzbibliotheken. Ihren tiefer als bisher verstandenen Kulturauftrag- den Bibliotheken - pathetisch gesprochen - als Friedhöfe des Geistes, als Mausoleen identitätstiftender Kulturdenkmäler, mit der Wissenschaft als begleitendem Totenamt. Wer liegt nicht lieber auf dem Père-Lachaise als auf dem Stadtfriedhof von Vechta? Das Internet könnte also bei der nationalen Reorganisation und Konzentration der geisteswissenschaftlichen Forschungsbibliotheken als Börse dienen, in der Dauerleihgaben getauscht und zu .zeitlich begrenzten Sammlungen zusammengeführt werden können. Die Bibliothekare müßten jedoch auch hier ihre Fixierung auf stets wachsende Bestände lösen und die Differenz von unveräußerlichem Eigentum und befristetem Besitz - der "Nutzung" - lernen. In der Bibel steht nicht, was mit der Mutter und ihrem Kind weiter geschah. Sicher ist nur, daß sie nicht heimgingen, um gemeinsam eine "hybride Bibliothek", oder andere Ungeheuer auszubrüten, an die sogar der weise Wissenschaftsrat glaubt."
- Date
- 26. 4.2002 11:22:22
-
Blum, M.: Wie die Maschinen zu einem Bewusstsein kommen : Interview von futurezone mit Manuel Blum (2018)
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- Abstract
- Der Informatiker und Turing-Preisträger Manuel Blum erklärt im Interview, wie er Maschinen mit Bewusstsein ausstatten will. Der US-amerikanische Informatiker Manuel Blum von der Carnegie Mellon University arbeitet derzeit mit seiner Frau Lenore, die ebenfalls Informatikerin ist, daran, ein Modell des Bewusstseins zu entwickeln, das sich auch in Computern umsetzen ließe. Derzeit sind sie dabei, die theoretischen Grundlagen so weit auszuarbeiten, dass das Modell zur Überprüfung von Hypothesen herangezogen werden kann. Erst danach ließe sich die Architektur in Hardware umsetzen. Blum ist aber optimistisch, dass ihm das gelingen kann. Vor kurzem war der Informatiker, der für seine Beiträge in den Bereichen Komplexitätstheorie und Kryptografie 1995 mit dem Turing-Preis, der höchsten Ehrung für Informatiker, ausgezeichnet wurde, auf Einladung der Technischen Universität in Wien, um die diesjährige Gödel-Lecture zu halten. Die futurezone hat Blum aus diesem Anlass interviewt, um ihn nach den Fortschritten, die er bisher bei der Arbeit mit seiner Frau gemacht hat, zu fragen.
-
Digital libraries: current issues : Digital Libraries Workshop DL 94, Newark, NJ, May 19-20, 1994. Selected papers (1995)
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- Abstract
- This volume is the first book coherently summarizing the current issues in digital libraries research, design and management. It presents, in a homogeneous way, thoroughly revised versions of 15 papers accepted for the First International Workshop on Digital Libraries, DL '94, held at Rutgers University in May 1994; in addition there are two introductory chapters provided by the volume editors, as well as a comprehensive bibliography listing 262 entries. Besides introductory aspects, the topics addressed are administration and management, information retrieval and hypertext, classification and indexing, and prototypes and applications. The volume is intended for researchers and design professionals in the field, as well as for experts from libraries administration and scientific publishing.
- Date
- 22. 1.1996 18:26:45
-
Scammell, A.: Visions of the information future (2000)
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- Abstract
- A synthesis of some of the themes and ideas developed in a recently published book about the future of information: i in the sky: visions of the information future. Common themes included: problems in defining information and defining future time-scales, the ubiquity of information, accessibility, privacy censorship and control, customisation ofinformation products, the development of the World Wide Web, artificial intelligence and cybernetics, changes in working roles and structures of organisations, information literacy, information overload and the organisation and retrieval of information.
-
Garfield, E.: ¬A retrospective and prospective view of information retrieval and artificial intelligence in the 21st century (2001)
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- Abstract
- Information tends to define community. Garfield reminisces about the reprint-sharing culture of science in the 1950s, and anticipates the digital full-text documents of the future.
- Footnote
- Beitrag eines Themenheftes: Still the Frontier: Information Science at the Millenium
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 52(2001) no.1, S.18-21
-
Barker, P.: Electronic libraries of the future (1997)
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- Source
- Encyclopedia of library and information science. Vol.59, [=Suppl.22]
-
Heath, F.: Libraries, information technology, and the future (1995)
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- Abstract
- Reviews the contemporary information revolution and explores its impact upon libraries
- Date
- 29. 3.1996 18:37:48
- Source
- Resource sharing and information networks. 10(1995) nos.1/2, S.1-20
-
Ford, N.: Information retrieval and creativity : towards support for the original thinker (1999)
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- Abstract
- This is a speculative paper in which the requirements of IR systems to support relatively creative, as well as more convergent thinking are discussed. The nature of creative thinking is explored, as is the extent to which a range of current information systems is able to support key intellectual processes associated with it. The development of IR systems capable of providing more direct support for creative thinking will depend on the greater integration of high order knowledge representations and flexible, fuzzy pattern-matching techniques. Such developments may enhance the ability of information seekers to place before themselves a range of information sufficiently - but not excessively - rich in diversity to facilitate the development of relatively divergent - as well as more convergent - ideas.
-
Mendelsohn, S.: ¬The future of librarians (1994)
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- Abstract
- Presents the views of 9 Europena information specialists on whether there will still be librarians in the year 2024 and, if so, what they will be doing
- Source
- Information world review. 1994, no.95, September, S.28-29
-
Stubbs, L.: Public libraries and national information superstructures (1995)
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- Abstract
- Mankind has seen 4 major information revolutions: speech, writing, printing and information technologiy (IT). Outlines the characteristics of the IT revolution and presents 2 conceptual models, the connectivity network model, and the information superstructure model. Discusses the impact of the IT information revolution of the public library of the future. The focus of the library as warehouse will change to one where the information, not the source of the information, will form one hub of the information superstructure, and the individual customer, not a class or group of customers, will form the other. Describes the operation of the BT Information Resource Centre which acts as an information gateway serving individual user information needs. If UK public libraries do not move towards this new model they face the danger of increasing marginalization
- Date
- 29. 3.1996 21:20:15
-
Cawkell, T.: ¬The information age : for better or for worse (1998)
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- Abstract
- Although the 'information poor' are already present, the arrival of a much greater gap between the 'information poor' and 'information rich' is forecast in the book: Sovereign individual, by J.D. Davidson and W. Rees-Mogg. Concludes that, if the events forecast in the book come about, there will not be an information society but an unacceptable society
- Date
- 3. 1.1999 14:40:22
- Source
- Journal of information science. 24(1998) no.1, S.56-58
- Theme
- Information
-
Poulter, A.; Morris, A.; Dow, J.: LIS professionals as knowledge engineers (1994)
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- Abstract
- State of the art review of the trend towards library and information science professionals becoming deeply involved in the process of knowledge engineering: knowledge engineers being those who build expert systems, or knowledge based systems that emulate the performance of human experts in particular tasks or domains. Shows how library and information science professionals have fared as knowledge engineers and how their involvement relates to the perception of library and information science professionals as knowledge engineers. Discusses the tools and techniques of knowledge engineering as they have been applied to the library and information science domain, and looks at the involvement of library and information science professionals in knowledge engineering outside library and information science
- Imprint
- Medford, NJ : Learned Information Inc.
- Source
- Annual review of information science and technology. 29(1994), S.305-350
-
Information for a new age : redefining the librarian (1995)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: Journal of academic librarianship 22(1996) no.2, S.147 (A. Schultis)
-
Lancaster, F.W.: Trends in subject indexing from 1957 to 2000 (1980)
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- Abstract
- Computer have been used in 2 areas of printed index production: to sort entries and fromat printed indexes, and to derive a series of index entries from a minimum intellectual input. Computer indexing enables more indexing terms to be used as well as weighted terms, links and roles. Interest in automatic indexing peaked in the mid-1960s and has since declined. Interest in machine-aided indexing concentrates on using the computer for on-line display or for indexing by extraction. Computers have also made possible the implementation of retrieval systems without indexing-free text systems. Considers future prospects and needs
- Source
- New trends in documentation and information: proceedings of the 39th FID Congress, University of Edinburgh, 25-28 Sept 1978. Ed.: P.J. Taylor
-
Keys, M.: Beyond Gutenberg and gigabytes : librarians and the emerging digital revolution (1995)
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- Abstract
- Discusses the likely future influence on the library environment of the growing dominance in society of digitized information delivered over electronic networks
- Date
- 29. 3.1996 18:37:48
- Source
- Resource sharing and information networks. 10(1995) nos.1/2, S.21-32
-
Matson, L.D.; Bonski, D.J.: Do digital libraries need librarians? (1997)
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- Abstract
- Defines digital libraries and discusses the effects of new technology on librarians. Examines the different viewpoints of librarians and information technologists on digital libraries. Describes the development of a digital library at the National Drug Intelligence Center, USA, which was carried out in collaboration with information technology experts. The system is based on Web enabled search technology to find information, data visualization and data mining to visualize it and use of SGML as an information standard to store it
- Date
- 22.11.1998 18:57:22
-
MacDonald, A.H.: ¬The survival of libraries in the electronic age (1994)
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- Abstract
- Discusses the likely future for libraries in an environment of increasing availability of information in electronic form via networks, particularly the Internet. The concept of the library will survive and thrive, but that the library as a place is an endangered species, and that librarians are facing the greatest challenge in a century
- Source
- Feliciter. 40(1994) no.1, S.18-22
-
Liew, C.L.; Foo, S.; Chennupati, K.R.: ¬A proposed integrated environment for enhanced user interaction and value-adding of electronic documents : an empirical evaluation (2001)
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- Footnote
- Beitrag eines Themenheftes: Still the Frontier: Information Science at the Millenium
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 52(2001) no.1, S.22-35
