Search (33 results, page 1 of 2)

  • × author_ss:"Wolfram, D."
  1. Wolfram, D.; Xie, H.I.: Traditional IR for web users : a context for general audience digital libraries (2002) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    The emergence of general audience digital libraries (GADLs) defines a context that represents a hybrid of both "traditional" IR, using primarily bibliographic resources provided by database vendors, and "popular" IR, exemplified by public search systems available on the World Wide Web. Findings of a study investigating end-user searching and response to a GADL are reported. Data collected from a Web-based end-user survey and data logs of resource usage for a Web-based GADL were analyzed for user characteristics, patterns of access and use, and user feedback. Cross-tabulations using respondent demographics revealed several key differences in how the system was used and valued by users of different age groups. Older users valued the service more than younger users and engaged in different searching and viewing behaviors. The GADL more closely resembles traditional retrieval systems in terms of content and purpose of use, but is more similar to popular IR systems in terms of user behavior and accessibility. A model that defines the dual context of the GADL environment is derived from the data analysis and existing IR models in general and other specific contexts. The authors demonstrate the distinguishing characteristics of this IR context, and discuss implications for the development and evaluation of future GADLs to accommodate a variety of user needs and expectations.
    Footnote
    Beitrag in einem Themenheft: "Issues of context in information retrieval (IR)"
    Source
    Information processing and management. 38(2002) no.5, S.627-648
    Theme
    Semantisches Umfeld in Indexierung u. Retrieval
  2. Wolfram, D.: Search characteristics in different types of Web-based IR environments : are they the same? (2008) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Transaction logs from four different Web-based information retrieval environments (bibliographic databank, OPAC, search engine, specialized search system) were analyzed for empirical regularities in search characteristics to determine whether users engage in different behaviors in different Web-based search environments. Descriptive statistics and relative frequency distributions related to term usage, query formulation, and session duration were tabulated. The analysis revealed that there are differences in these characteristics. Users were more likely to engage in extensive searching using the OPAC and specialized search system. Surprisingly, the bibliographic databank search environment resulted in the most parsimonious searching, more similar to a general search engine. Although on the surface Web-based search facilities may appear similar, users do engage in different search behaviors.
    Source
    Information processing and management. 44(2008) no.3, S.1279-1292
  3. Dimitroff, A.; Wolfram, D.: Searcher response in a hypertext-based bibliographic information retrieval system (1995) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    This article examines searcher behavior and affective response to a hypertext-based bibliographic information retrieval system called HyperLynx for searchers with different search skills and backgrounds. Search times and number of nodes visited were recorded for five specified search queries, and views of the system were recorded for each searcher. No significant differences were found in search times or user satisfaction with the system, indicating that a hypertext-based approach to bibliographic retrieval could be appropriate for a variety of searcher experience levels
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 46(1995) no.1, S.22-29
  4. Wolfram, D.: Applied informetrics for information retrieval research (2003) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The author demonstrates how informetric analysis of information retrieval system content and use provides valuable insights that have applications for the modelling, design, and evaluation of information retrieval systems.
  5. Wolfram, D.: ¬The symbiotic relationship between information retrieval and informetrics (2015) 0.01 
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    Footnote
    Beitrag in einem Special Issue "Combining bibliometrics and information retrieval"
  6. Spink, A.; Wolfram, D.; Jansen, B.J.; Saracevic, T.: Searching the Web : the public and their queries (2001) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    In previous articles, we reported the state of Web searching in 1997 (Jansen, Spink, & Saracevic, 2000) and in 1999 (Spink, Wolfram, Jansen, & Saracevic, 2001). Such snapshot studies and statistics on Web use appear regularly (OCLC, 1999), but provide little information about Web searching trends. In this article, we compare and contrast results from our two previous studies of Excite queries' data sets, each containing over 1 million queries submitted by over 200,000 Excite users collected on 16 September 1997 and 20 December 1999. We examine how public Web searching changing during that 2-year time period. As Table 1 shows, the overall structure of Web queries in some areas did not change, while in others we see change from 1997 to 1999. Our comparison shows how Web searching changed incrementally and also dramatically. We see some moves toward greater simplicity, including shorter queries (i.e., fewer terms) and shorter sessions (i.e., fewer queries per user), with little modification (addition or deletion) of terms in subsequent queries. The trend toward shorter queries suggests that Web information content should target specific terms in order to reach Web users. Another trend was to view fewer pages of results per query. Most Excite users examined only one page of results per query, since an Excite results page contains ten ranked Web sites. Were users satisfied with the results and did not need to view more pages? It appears that the public continues to have a low tolerance of wading through retrieved sites. This decline in interactivity levels is a disturbing finding for the future of Web searching. Queries that included Boolean operators were in the minority, but the percentage increased between the two time periods. Most Boolean use involved the AND operator with many mistakes. The use of relevance feedback almost doubled from 1997 to 1999, but overall use was still small. An unusually large number of terms were used with low frequency, such as personal names, spelling errors, non-English words, and Web-specific terms, such as URLs. Web query vocabulary contains more words than found in large English texts in general. The public language of Web queries has its own and unique characteristics. How did Web searching topics change from 1997 to 1999? We classified a random sample of 2,414 queries from 1997 and 2,539 queries from 1999 into 11 categories (Table 2). From 1997 to 1999, Web searching shifted from entertainment, recreation and sex, and pornography, preferences to e-commerce-related topics under commerce, travel, employment, and economy. This shift coincided with changes in information distribution on the publicly indexed Web.
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 52(2001) no.3, S.226-234
  7. Wolfram, D.; Volz, A.; Dimitroff, A.: ¬The effect of linkage structure on retrieval performance in a hypertext-based bibliographic retrieval system (1996) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Investigates how linkage environments in a hypertext based bibliographic retrieval system affect retrieval performance for novice and experienced searchers, 2 systems, 1 with inter record linkages to authors and descriptors and 1 that also included title and abstract keywords, were tested. No significant differences in retrieval performance and system usage were found for most search tests. The enhanced system did provide better performance where title and abstract keywords provided the most direct access to relevant records. The findings have implications for the design of bilbiographic information retrieval systems using hypertext linkages
    Source
    Information processing and management. 32(1996) no.5, S.529-541
  8. Ajiferuke, I.; Wolfram, D.: Analysis of Web page image tag distribution characteristics (2005) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The authors investigate the frequency distribution of the use of image tags in Web pages. Using data sampled from top level Web pages across five top level domains and from sample pages within individual websites, the authors model observed patterns in the frequency of image tag usage by fitting collected data distributions to different theoretical models used in informetrics. Models tested include the modified power law (MPL), Mandelbrot (MDB), generalized waring (GW), generalized inverse Gaussian-Poisson (GIGP), and generalized negative binomial (GNB) distributions. The GIGP provided the best fit for data sets for top level pages across the top level domains tested. The poor fits of the models to the observed data distributions from specific websites were due to the multimodal nature of the observed data sets. Mixtures of the tested models for the data sets provided better fits. The ability to effectively model Web page attributes, such as the distribution of the number of image tags used per page, is needed for accurate simulation models of Web page content, and makes it possible to estimate the number of requests needed to display the complete content of Web pages.
    Source
    Information processing and management. 41(2005) no.4, S.987-1002
  9. Wolfram, D.; Spink, A.; Jansen, B.J.; Saracevic, T.: Vox populi : the public searching of the Web (2001) 0.01 
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    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 52(2001) no.12, S.1073-1074
  10. Minitroff, A.; Wolfram, D.: Design issues in a hypertext-based information system for bibliographic retrieval (1993) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Examnies several feasibility issues and initial design considerations for a hypertext system for structured bibliographic retrieval. HyperLynx was developed using Asymmetric Toolbox. By combining searchable term indexes and inter-record linkages between common authors and descriptors, a flexible search environment is established conductive to browsing
    Imprint
    Medford, NJ : Learned Information
    Source
    Integrating technologies - converging professions: proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Information Science, Columbus, OH, 24-28 October 1993. Ed.: S. Bonzi
  11. Wolfram, D.; Dimitroff, A.: Preliminary findings on searcher performance and perceptions of performance in a hypertext bibliographic retrieval system (1997) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Reports on research examining the relationship of searcher performance and perception of performance, particulary for hypertext-based onformation retrieval systems for bibliographic data. Employs a prototype hypertext bibliographic retrieval system called HyperLynx. Evaluates its use by 83 subjects at the School of Library and Information Science and the Golda Meir Library at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, USA. Measures of system usgae indicate that there is no significant relationship between confidence and the number of record pages visited, although confident searchers searched for shorter time periods. The reality check measures shows that both novice and experienced searchers were over confident in their performance
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 48(1997) no.12, S.1142-1145
  12. Wolfram, D.; Wang, P.; Zhang, J.: Identifying Web search session patterns using cluster analysis : a comparison of three search environments (2009) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Session characteristics taken from large transaction logs of three Web search environments (academic Web site, public search engine, consumer health information portal) were modeled using cluster analysis to determine if coherent session groups emerged for each environment and whether the types of session groups are similar across the three environments. The analysis revealed three distinct clusters of session behaviors common to each environment: hit and run sessions on focused topics, relatively brief sessions on popular topics, and sustained sessions using obscure terms with greater query modification. The findings also revealed shifts in session characteristics over time for one of the datasets, away from hit and run sessions toward more popular search topics. A better understanding of session characteristics can help system designers to develop more responsive systems to support search features that cater to identifiable groups of searchers based on their search behaviors. For example, the system may identify struggling searchers based on session behaviors that match those identified in the current study to provide context sensitive help.
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 60(2009) no.5, S.896-910
  13. Dimitroff, A.; Wolfram, D.; Volz, A.: Affective response and retrieval performance : analysis of contributing factors (1996) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Describes a study which investigated the affective response of 83 subjects to 2 versions of a hypertext-based bibliographic retrieval system. The objective of the study was to determine if subjects preferred searching a hypertext information retrieval (IR) system via traditional bibliographic links or via an enhanced set of linkages between structured records. The study also examined the utility of using factor analysis to explore subjects' affective responses to searching the 2 hypertext-based IR systems; explored the effect of experience on search outcome; and compared the effect of different types of linkages within the hypertext system. Findings reveal a complex relationship between system and user that is sometimes contradictory. Searchers found the systems to be usable or unusable in different ways indicating that further researchg is needed to isolate to specific features that searchers find frustrating or not in searching structured records via a hypertext-based IR system
    Source
    Library and information science research. 18(1996) no.2, S.121-132
  14. Xie, H.I.; Wolfram, D.: State digital library usability contributing organizational factors (2002) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    In this issue Xie and Wolfram study the Wisconsin state digital library BadgerLink to determine the organizational factors that lead to different use requirements and the degree to which these are met, as well as impact on physical libraries. To this end, usage data from EBSCOhost and ProQuest logs for BadgerLink were analyzed, 313 Wisconsin libraries of all types were surveyed (76% response rate), and analyzed along with 81 responses to a voluntary web survey of end users. Heaviest users were K-12 schools and institutions of higher education. Heaviest use sites were the two largest state universities and the state's largest public library. Small libraries were infrequent users. Web survey respondents were mature working professionals. Sixty percent searched for specific information, but 46% reported browsing in subject areas. Libraries with dedicated Internet access reported more frequent usage than those with dial-up connection. Those who accessed from libraries reported more frequent use than those at work or at home. Libraries that trained end users reported more use, but the majority of the web survey respondents reported themselves as self-taught. Logs confirm reported subject interests. Three surrogates were requested for every full text document but full text availability is reported as the reason for use by 30% of users. Availability has led to the cancellation of subscriptions in many libraries that are important promoters of the service. A model will need to include interactions based upon the influence of each involved participant on the others. It will also need to include the extension of the activities of one participant to other participant organizations and the communication among these organizations.
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 53(2002) no.13, S.1085-1097
  15. Wolfram, D.; Zhang, J.: ¬The influence of indexing practices and weighting algorithms on document spaces (2008) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Index modeling and computer simulation techniques are used to examine the influence of indexing frequency distributions, indexing exhaustivity distributions, and three weighting methods on hypothetical document spaces in a vector-based information retrieval (IR) system. The way documents are indexed plays an important role in retrieval. The authors demonstrate the influence of different indexing characteristics on document space density (DSD) changes and document space discriminative capacity for IR. Document environments that contain a relatively higher percentage of infrequently occurring terms provide lower density outcomes than do environments where a higher percentage of frequently occurring terms exists. Different indexing exhaustivity levels, however, have little influence on the document space densities. A weighting algorithm that favors higher weights for infrequently occurring terms results in the lowest overall document space densities, which allows documents to be more readily differentiated from one another. This in turn can positively influence IR. The authors also discuss the influence on outcomes using two methods of normalization of term weights (i.e., means and ranges) for the different weighting methods.
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 59(2008) no.1, S.3-11
  16. Wang, F.; Wolfram, D.: Assessment of journal similarity based on citing discipline analysis (2015) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    This study compares the range of disciplines of citing journal articles to determine how closely related journals assigned to the same Web of Science research area are. The frequency distribution of disciplines by citing articles provides a signature for a cited journal that permits it to be compared with other journals using similarity comparison techniques. As an initial exploration, citing discipline data for 40 high-impact-factor journals assigned to the "information science and library science" category of the Web of Science were compared across 5 time periods. Similarity relationships were determined using multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis to compare the outcomes produced by the proposed citing discipline and established cocitation methods. The maps and clustering outcomes reveal that a number of journals in allied areas of the information science and library science category may not be very closely related to each other or may not be appropriately situated in the category studied. The citing discipline similarity data resulted in similar outcomes with the cocitation data but with some notable differences. Because the citing discipline method relies on a citing perspective different from cocitations, it may provide a complementary way to compare journal similarity that is less labor intensive than cocitation analysis.
    Source
    Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 66(2015) no.6, S.1189-1198
  17. Lu, K.; Cai, X.; Ajiferuke, I.; Wolfram, D.: Vocabulary size and its effect on topic representation (2017) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    This study investigates how computational overhead for topic model training may be reduced by selectively removing terms from the vocabulary of text corpora being modeled. We compare the impact of removing singly occurring terms, the top 0.5%, 1% and 5% most frequently occurring terms and both top 0.5% most frequent and singly occurring terms, along with changes in the number of topics modeled (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100) using three datasets. Four outcome measures are compared. The removal of singly occurring terms has little impact on outcomes for all of the measures tested. Document discriminative capacity, as measured by the document space density, is reduced by the removal of frequently occurring terms, but increases with higher numbers of topics. Vocabulary size does not greatly influence entropy, but entropy is affected by the number of topics. Finally, topic similarity, as measured by pairwise topic similarity and Jensen-Shannon divergence, decreases with the removal of frequent terms. The findings have implications for information science research in information retrieval and informetrics that makes use of topic modeling.
    Source
    Information processing and management. 53(2017) no.3, S.653-665
  18. Wolfram, D.: Inter-record linkage structure in a hypertext bibliographic retrieval system (1996) 0.00 
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    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 47(1996) no.10, S.765-774
  19. Wolfram, D.: ¬The power to influence : an informetric analysis of the works of Hope Olson (2016) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    This paper examines the influence of the works of Hope A. Olson by conducting an ego-centric informetric analysis of her published works. Publication and citation data were collected from Google Scholar and the Thomson Reuters Web of Science. Classic informetrics techniques were applied to the datasets including co-authorship analysis, citer analysis, citation and co-citation analysis and text-based analysis. Co-citation and text-based data were analyzed and visualized using VOSviewer and CiteSpace, respectively. The analysis of her citation identity reveals how Dr. Olson situates her own research within the knowledge landscape while the analysis of her citation image reveals how others have situated her work in relation to the authors with whom she has been co-cited. This reflection of Dr. Olson's research contributions reveals the influence of her scholarship not only on knowledge organization but other areas of library and information science and allied disciplines.
  20. Wolfram, D.; Zhang, J.: ¬An investigation of the influence of indexing exhaustivity and term distributions on a document space (2002) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Wolfram and Zhang are interested in the effect of different indexing exhaustivity, by which they mean the number of terms chosen, and of different index term distributions and different term weighting methods on the resulting document cluster organization. The Distance Angle Retrieval Environment, DARE, which provides a two dimensional display of retrieved documents was used to represent the document clusters based upon a document's distance from the searcher's main interest, and on the angle formed by the document, a point representing a minor interest, and the point representing the main interest. If the centroid and the origin of the document space are assigned as major and minor points the average distance between documents and the centroid can be measured providing an indication of cluster organization. in the form of a size normalized similarity measure. Using 500 records from NTIS and nine models created by intersecting low, observed, and high exhaustivity levels (based upon a negative binomial distribution) with shallow, observed, and steep term distributions (based upon a Zipf distribution) simulation runs were preformed using inverse document frequency, inter-document term frequency, and inverse document frequency based upon both inter and intra-document frequencies. Low exhaustivity and shallow distributions result in a more dense document space and less effective retrieval. High exhaustivity and steeper distributions result in a more diffuse space.
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 53(2002) no.11, S.944-952

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