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  • × theme_ss:"Internet"
  • × theme_ss:"Hypertext"
  1. Intelligent hypertext : Advanced techniques for the World Wide Web (1997) 0.06 
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    Abstract
    This book constitutes a coherent anthology consisting of invited chapter-length papers on intelligent hypertext techniques with special emphasis on how to apply these techniques to the WWW. The book provides an introductory preface, chapters on information comprehension through hypertext, efficient techniques for adaptive hypermedia, annotated 3D environments on the Web, user models for customized hypertext, conceptual analysis of hypertext, two-level models of hypertext, the TELLTALE dynamic hypertext environment, hypertext for collaborative authoring, information retrieval and information agents
    LCSH
    World Wide Web (Information retrieval system)
    RSWK
    World wide web / Hypertext / Aufsatzsammlung (213)
    Subject
    World Wide Web (Information retrieval system)
    World wide web / Hypertext / Aufsatzsammlung (213)
  2. Lennon, J.A.: Hypermedia systems and applications : World Wide Web and beyond (1997) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    This is the first comprehensive book on hypermedia nd the WWW that icludes features of the 2nd generation systems. Definitions, history, current technology and problems, leading-edge initiatives, future applications, all these are seen as an unfolding of a millenial communication medium that is not serving but involving even the non-technical person in a very technical world. Much of the promise of hypermedia lies in its applications to education, and this receives prominence in the book. The new hypermedia system 'HyperWave' is described in detail. The book's vision, organization, and easy-to-read style make it suitable as a source for information for the practitioner and the general reader. It may also serve both as a reference book for researchers and as a textbook
    LCSH
    World Wide Web (Information retrieval system)
    RSWK
    World wide web
    Subject
    World wide web
    World Wide Web (Information retrieval system)
  3. Wätjen, H.-J.: Hypertextbasierte OPACs im World-wide Web (1996) 0.04 
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    Source
    Weiter auf dem Weg zur virtuellen Bibliothek! Bibliotheken nutzen das Internet. Erste INETBIB-Tagung in der Universitätsbibliothek Dortmund vom 11.-13. März 1996. 2., erw. Aufl
  4. Spertus, E.: ParaSite : mining structural information on the Web (1997) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    Discusses the varieties of link information on the WWW, how the Web differs from conventional hypertext, and how the links can be exploited to build useful applications. Specific applications presented as part of the ParaSite system find individuals' homepages, new locations of moved pages and unindexed information
    Date
    1. 8.1996 22:08:06
    Footnote
    Contribution to a special issue of papers from the 6th International World Wide Web conference, held 7-11 Apr 1997, Santa Clara, California
  5. Hammwöhner, R.: Komplexe Hypertextmodelle im World Wide Web durch dynamische Dokumente (1997) 0.03 
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    Source
    Hypertext - Information Retrieval - Multimedia '97: Theorien, Modelle und Implementierungen integrierter elektronischer Informationssysteme. Proceedings HIM '97. Hrsg.: N. Fuhr u.a
  6. Tredinnick, L.: Post-structuralism, hypertext, and the World Wide Web (2007) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore the application of post-structuralist theory to understanding hypertext and the World Wide Web, and the challenge posed by digital information technology to the practices of the information profession. Design/methodology/approach - The method adopted is that of a critical study. Findings - The paper argues for the importance of post-structuralism for an understanding of the implications of digital information for the information management profession. Originality/value - Focuses on an epistemological gap between the traditional practices of the information profession, and the structure of the World Wide Web.
  7. Machovec, G.S.: World Wide Web : accessing the Internet (1993) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    The World Wide Web (WWW) is one of the newest tools available to assist in the navigation of the Internet. As with other client/server network tools such as Gopher and WAIS, developments with the Web are in a dynamic state of change. Basically, WWW is an effort to organize information on the Internet plus local information into a set of hypertext documents; a person navigates the network by moving from one document to another via a set of hypertext links
  8. Milosavljevic, M.; Oberlander, J.: Dynamic catalogues on the WWW (1998) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Natural language generation techniques can be used to dynamically produce hypertext dynamic catalogues on the Web, resulting in DYNAMIC HYPERTEXT. A dynamic hypertext document can be tailored more precisely to a particular user's needs and background, thus helping the user to search more effectively. Describes the automatic generation of WWW documents and illustrates with 2 implemented systems
    Date
    1. 8.1996 22:08:06
    Footnote
    Contribution to a special issue devoted to the Proceedings of the 7th International World Wide Web Conference, held 14-18 April 1998, Brisbane, Australia
  9. Heffron, J.K.; Dillon, A.; Mostafa, J.: Landmarks in the World Wide Web : a preliminary study (1996) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Outlines the results of a pilot study designed to consider what constitutes a landmark in hypertext. Tests users' memories for locations visited on the WWW. Reports the results, and outlines a refined methodology for a new study. By understanding more about users' navigation through hypertext information space, the issue of recognition of informative materials on the WWW may be addressed
    Imprint
    Medford, NJ : Learned Information
    Source
    Global complexity: information, chaos and control. Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Information Science, ASIS'96, Baltimore, Maryland, 21-24 Oct 1996. Ed.: S. Hardin
  10. Heo, M.; Hirtle, S.C.: ¬An empirical comparison of visualization tools to assist information retrieval on the Web (2001) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    The reader of a hypertext document in a web environment, if maximum use of the document is to be obtained, must visualize the overall structure of the paths through the document as well as the document space. Graphic visualization displays of this space, produced to assist in navigation, are classified into four groups, and Heo and Hirtle compare three of these classes as to their effectiveness. Distortion displays expand regions of interest while relatively diminishing the detail of the remaining regions. This technique will show both local detail and global structure. Zoom techniques use a series of increasingly focused displays of smaller and smaller areas, and can reduce cogitative overload, but do not provide an easy movement to other parts of the total space. Expanding outline displays use a tree structure to allow movement through a hierarchy of documents, but if the organization has a wide horizontal structure, or is not particularly hierarchical in nature such display can break down. Three dimensional layouts, which are not evaluated here, place objects by location in three space, providing more information and freedom. However, the space must be represented in two dimensions resulting in difficulty in visually judging depth, size and positioning. Ten students were assigned to each of eight groups composed of viewers of the three techniques and an unassisted control group using either a large (583 selected pages) or a small (50 selected pages) web space. Sets of 10 questions, which were designed to elicit the use of a visualization tool, were provided for each space. Accuracy and time spent were extracted from a log file. Users views were also surveyed after completion. ANOVA shows significant differences in accuracy and time based upon the visualization tool in use. A Tukey test shows zoom accuracy to be significantly less than expanding outline and zoom time to be significantly greater than both the outline and control groups. Size significantly affected accuracy and time, but had no interaction with tool type. While the expanding tool class out performed zoom and distortion, its performance was not significantly different from the control group.
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 52(2001) no.8, S.666-675
  11. Bieber, M.: Fourth generation hypermedia : some missing links for the World Wide Web (1997) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Presents a set of high-level hypermedia features: typed nodes and links, link attributes, structure-based query, transclusion, warm and hot links, private and public linkds, external link databases, link update mechanisms, overview, trails guided tours, backtracking and history-based navigation. Illustrates each feature from existing implementations and a running scenario. Gives suggestions for implementing these on the WWW and in other information systems
  12. Felker, K.: Ariadne's thread : hypertext, writing, and the World Wide Web (2002) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Examines the concept of hypertext and how it relates to the World Wide Web, along with a discussion of why this is important to librarians. Includes examples of library Web pages and products that take advantage of the medium and some that do not, along with a specific discussion of crafting text, structure and linking for the Web.
  13. Falquet, G.; Guyot, J.; Nerima, L.: Languages and tools to specify hypertext views on databases (1999) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    We present a declarative language for the construction of hypertext views on databases. The language is based on an object-oriented data model and a simple hypertext model with reference and inclusion links. A hypertext view specification consists in a collection of parameterized node schemes which specify how to construct node and links instances from the database contents. We show how this language can express different issues in hypertext view design. These include: the direct mapping of objects to nodes; the construction of complex nodes based on sets of objects; the representation of polymorphic sets of objects; and the representation of tree and graph structures. We have defined sublanguages corresponding to particular database models (relational, semantic, object-oriented) and implemented tools to generate Web views for these database models
    Date
    21.10.2000 15:01:22
    Source
    The World Wide Web and Databases: International Workshop WebDB'98, Valencia, Spain, March 27-28, 1998, Selected papers. Eds.: P. Atzeni et al
  14. Yang, C.C.; Liu, N.: Web site topic-hierarchy generation based on link structure (2009) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Navigating through hyperlinks within a Web site to look for information from one of its Web pages without the support of a site map can be inefficient and ineffective. Although the content of a Web site is usually organized with an inherent structure like a topic hierarchy, which is a directed tree rooted at a Web site's homepage whose vertices and edges correspond to Web pages and hyperlinks, such a topic hierarchy is not always available to the user. In this work, we studied the problem of automatic generation of Web sites' topic hierarchies. We modeled a Web site's link structure as a weighted directed graph and proposed methods for estimating edge weights based on eight types of features and three learning algorithms, namely decision trees, naïve Bayes classifiers, and logistic regression. Three graph algorithms, namely breadth-first search, shortest-path search, and directed minimum-spanning tree, were adapted to generate the topic hierarchy based on the graph model. We have tested the model and algorithms on real Web sites. It is found that the directed minimum-spanning tree algorithm with the decision tree as the weight learning algorithm achieves the highest performance with an average accuracy of 91.9%.
    Date
    22. 3.2009 12:51:47
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 60(2009) no.3, S.495-508
  15. Nickerson, G.: World Wide Web : Hypertext from CERN (1992) 0.01 
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  16. Lehner, C.: Hypertext und World Wide Web als Hilfen für einen Programmierkurs in Prolog (1998) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt auf, wie sich Neue Medien zur Verbesserung der Qualität der universitären Lehre einsetzen lassen. Exemplarische Vertreter der Neuen Medien sind in diesem Zusammenhang vor allem Hypertext und das auf Hypertext basierende World Wide Web, das dem Internet seit Beginn der Neunziger Jahre zu dem enormen Popularitätsschub verholfen hat. Das WWW bringt nicht nur die vielbeschworene 'Informationsflut' mit sich, sondern es liegt durch das WWW auch ein Werkzeug vor, um Informationen und Wissen optimal zu organisieren und aufzubereiten. Exemplarisch wird an einem Online-Programmierkurs verdeutlicht, wie sich Informations- und Wissensressourcen mit Hilfe der Neuen Medien besser strukturieren und produktiver einsetzen lassen
  17. Sindoni, G.: Incremental maintenance of hypertext views (1999) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    A materialized hypertext view is a hypertext containing data coming from a database and whose pages are stored in files. A Web site presenting data coming from a database is an example of such a view, where the hypertext pages are HTML files. Even if the most popular approach to the generation of such sites is the virtual one, there is also a rationale for a materialized apporach. This paper deals with the maintenance issues required by these derived hypertext to enforce consistency between page content and database state
    Source
    The World Wide Web and Databases: International Workshop WebDB'98, Valencia, Spain, March 27-28, 1998, Selected papers. Eds.: P. Atzeni et al
  18. Pfaff, S.: ¬Die Entwicklung eines Hypertextdokumentes als Informationsdienstleistung der Bibliothek und Dokumentation des Deutschen Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY im Internet (1994) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Das Internet und insbesondere das Internet Werkzeug WWW haben wachsenden Einfluß im wissenschaftlichen Bereich. Auch Bibliotheken haben begonnen, ihre Dieste in dieses Computernetz auszudehnen. Für Bibliothek und Dokumentation des DESY wurde eine Hypertext-Informationsdokument angefertigt und über das WWW bereitgestellt
    Footnote
    [Abschlußarbeit im Lehrbegiet Information Management des Instituts für Information und Dokumentation an der FH Potsdam]
  19. Jünger, G.: ¬Ein neues Universum (2003) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Autorenrechte statt Geschäften der Medienkonzerne: Das Wolrd Wide Web von heute bleibt weit hinter den Möglichkeiten zurück, die das System 'Xanadu' schon vor 40 Jahren entworfen hatte
    Content
    Eine stetige Erfahrung der Techniksoziologie und -geschichte besagt, dass sich wirklich neue Konzepte, die ihrer Zeit vorauseilen, am Ende nicht durchsetzen können. Erfolg haben stattdessen mittelmäßige Nachbildungen der ersten Idee, die dann, um periphere Funktionen und Dekorationen erweitert, als große Innovationen auftreten. Beispiele für zweitbeste Lösungen, von denen jeder weiß, dass sie nur Krücken sind, liefert gerade die Informatik in großer Zahl. Das Gespann der Programmiersprachen Smalltalk und C++ gehört dazu, aber auch das World Wide Web, das wir heute kennen, bleibt weit hinter Konzepten eines universalen, globalen Informationssystems zurück, die lange vor der Definition des Hypertext-Protokolls durch Tim Berners-Lee entwickelt worden sind. Die Frage nach der technischen Vorgeschichte und ihren verpassten Chancen ist keineswegs nur von akademischem Interesse. Das "Xanadu" genannte System, das zum ersten Mal das weltweit vorhandene Wissen in digitaler Form radikal demokratisieren wollte, kann sehr gut als Folie dienen für die Diskussion über die zukünftige Entwicklung des WWW. Zweifellos ist der Wunsch, möglichst viel Wissen anzuhäufen, uralt. Er hat die Errichter der Bibliothek von Alexandria angetrieben, die kopierenden und kommentierenden Mönche des Mittelalters oder die Enzyklopädisten des 18. Jahrhunderts in Frankreich. Spätestens seit dem 20. Jahrhundert war die pure Menge des nun Wissbaren so nicht mehr zu bewältigen. Über die materielle Ablage der Dokumente hinaus mussten neue Organisationsprinzipien gefunden werden, um den Berg zu erschließen und seine Bestandteile untereinander in nutzbarer Weise zu verbinden. Nur dann konnte eine Wissenschaftlerin oder ein Wissenschaftler jetzt noch in vertretbarer Zeit zum aktuellen Wissensstand auf einem Gebiet aufschließen. Im Epochenjahr 1945 entwarf Vannevar Bush, ein wissenschaftlicher Berater von Roosevelt während des Zweiten Weltkriegs, eine erste Antwort auf die Frage nach einem solchen Organisationsprinzip. Er nannte sein System "Memex" (Memory Extender), also "Gedächtniserweiterer". Wissen sollte in der Form von Mikrofilmen archiviert und die dabei erzeugten Einzelbestandteile sollten so mit einander verknüpft werden, dass das sofortige Aufsuchen von Verweisen möglich würde. Technisch misslang das System, mit Hilfe von Mikrofilmen ließ es sich wohl kaum realisieren. Aber der Gedanke war formuliert, dass große Wissensbestände nicht unbedingt in separaten Dokumenten und überwiegend linear (Seite 2 folgt auf Seite 1) angeordnet zu werden brauchten. Sie können durch interne Verknüpfungen zwischen Einzelseiten zu etwas Neuem zusammengefügt werden. Der Flugzeugingenieur Douglas Engelbart las schon in den Vierzigerjahren von Bushs Idee. Ihm gebührt das Verdienst, sie auf die neue Technik der digitalen Computer übertragen zu haben. Eine Sitzung der "Fall Joint Computer Conference" im Jahr 1968 demonstrierte seine "NLS" (oN Line System) genannte Verwirklichung des Memex-Konzepts in der Praxis und war für viele Teilnehmer die Initialzündung zu eigenen Versuchen auf diesem Gebiet. NLS war ein riesiges Journal von einzelnen Memos und Berichten eines Vorgängerprojekts, das es den beteiligten Wissenschaftlern erlaubte, über adressierte Verweise unmittelbar zu einem benachbarten Dokument zu springen - ein Netz aus Knoten und `Kanten, dem nur noch ein geeigneter Name für seine neue Eigenschaft fehlte:
    - Hypertext - Nicht nur den Namen "Hypertext" für ein solches Netz, sondern auch entscheidende Impulse zu einer konkreten Ausgestaltung eines durch Links verknüpften Netzes steuerte ab 1965 Ted Nelson bei. Sein mit dem Namen "Xanadu" verbundenes Wissenschaftsnetz gibt noch heute die Messlatte ab, an der sich das WWW behaupten muss. Nelson versuchte, sein Konzept auch kommerziell zum Erfolg zu bringen. Zeitweise konnte er auf ein starkes finanzielles Engagement der CAD-Firma Autodesk rechnen, die sich jedoch nach ausbleibenden Erfolgen aus diesem Engagement zurückzog. Heute ist der Quellcode der Software frei zugänglich, und die Website xanadu.net informiert über die Aktivitäten der kleinen Xanadu-Gemeinde von heute. Nelson selbst stellt sein Projekt als ein geschlossenes System von Dokumenten dar, dessen Zugang man ähnlich erwirbt wie den zu einem Provider oder zum Zahlfernsehen. Dokumente werden in diesem aus vernetzten Computern bestehenden System binär gespeichert, unabhängig davon, ob im einzelnen Dokument Bilder, Müsik, Text oder sonst etwas vorliegen. Sie zerfallen in winzige, aber identifizierbare Bestandteile, so dass jeder Dokumententeil mit einer eindeutigen ID versehen ist und einem bestimmten Autor zugeordnet werden kann. Liest ein Leser ein Dokumententeil in Xanadu, wird dadurch automatisch eine Gutschrift für das Konto des Urhebers des Dokuments erzeugt. Wie im existierenden Web sind einzelne Wörter, Bilder oder andere Medieninhalte Anker zu Verweisen auf andere Dokumentenbestandteile, die sich per Mausklick aufrufen lassen. Im Unterschied zum Web aber führt der Weg nicht nur in eine Richtung. Stichwort A verweist nicht nur auf X, sondern X macht auch alle Dokumente kenntlich, von denen aus auf X gezeigt wird. Es ist also jederzeit nachvollziehbar, wo überall von einem Dokument Gebrauch gemacht wird. Dadurch lässt sich überprüfen, ob ein als Beleg verwendeter Verweis zu Recht oder zu Unrecht angegeben wird.
    - Forschungsdebatten - Die Vorteile dieses Systems vor dem Web liegen auf der Hand: Alle Urheberrechte sind grundsätzlich und zugunsten der tatsächlichen Autoren geregelt, auch im Falle der Belletristik, die in der Regel nur konsumiert wird. Darüber hinaus profitierte die wissenschaftliche Arbeit von der Möglichkeit, Texte zu kommentieren oder vorhandene Argumentationen zitierend in die eigene Darstellung aufzunehmen. Forschungsdebatten sind jederzeit an jeder Stelle möglich - und zugänglich werden sie durch die Funktion, Änderungsanzeigen für bestimmte Knoten abonnieren, zu können. Damit wird es einem Autor möglich, auf eine Entgegnung zügig zu antworten. So können nicht nur einzelne Knoten, sondern ganze Knotennetze bearbeitet werden. Man kann also eine vorhandene Darstellung zustimmend übernehmen, aber die zwei, drei Zusatzpunkte hinzufügen, in denen die eigene Meinung vom Knotenstandard abweicht. Schließlich schafft ein System wie Xanadu mit Versionskontrolle und garantiertem Speicherplatz ein Dauerproblem des vorhandenen Webs mit seinen toten Links aus der Welt und erzeugt mit dem eingebauten Dokumentenvergleich ein Maximum an Übersicht.
    - Technische Hürden - Bleibt die Frage, weshalb Xanadu mit seiner Vision, das Weltwissen one mouse-click away erreichbar zu machen - Nelson spricht gar von einem docuverse -, bislang so erfolglos blieb. Ernst zu nehmen sind zunächst die technischen Anforderungen, die Xanadu stellt. Sie beginnen bei einer Editorensoftware, die die Autorenkennungen- vorhandener und zitierter Dokumentknoten bewahrt. Dass diese Software am Ende weniger techniklastig ist als die heutigen HTML-Editoren, wie Nelson annimmt, darf bezweifelt werden. Hinzu kommen Anforderungen an Rechnersysteme und Verwaltungsaufgaben: Da Xanadu ein konsistentes Dokumentmanagement garantieren und Dokumente für den Notfall auch redundant auf mehreren Rechnern gleichzeitig vorhalten muss, wären die technischen und Managementherausforderungen für ein aus zig Milliarden Dokumenten bestehendes System beachtlich. Andere Gründe sind prinzipieller Art: Die Bereitschaft, für Inhalte auch nur mit kleinen Beiträgen zu zahlen, ist bei den meisten. Internetnutzern als recht gering anzusetzen. Anders ließe sich das Scheitern vieler Anbieter für Bezahlinhalte im bestehenden Web kaum interpretieren. Möglicherweise gibt es auch einen latenten Widerwillen, einer zentralen und weltweit auftretenden Organisation- und trete sie mit noch so ehrenhaften Zielen an - die Aufgabe anzuvertrauen, das Weltwissen abzulegen. Hier hat offenbar - Ironie der Geschichte - das Computernetz des Militärs die Nase vorn, das aus Gründen eines auch in der Katastrophe funktionierenden Systems auf stets austauschbare Rechner setzt und das Chaos ins Kalkül aufgenommen hat. Es ist daher absehbar, dass sich Xanadu in der skizzierten Form nicht mehr durchsetzen wird. Damit ist wahrscheinlich auch eine Chance für eine neue Internetarchitektur vertan. Was als Wunsch aber für die Weiterentwicklung des bestehenden Webs nicht laut genug vorgebracht werden kann, ist, dass die Visionen und konkreten Möglichkeiten von Xanadu stärker berücksichtigt werden sollten. Vielleicht sind die Aversionen gegen zentral geregelte Systeme aber immerhin dazu gut, dass das ".Net"; das Lieblingsprojekt des Softwaregiganten Microsoft, zu einem offenen System umgewandelt wird.
  20. Amitay, E.: Trends, fashions, patterns, norms, conventions and hypertext too (2001) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    At a finer level, Amitay speculates about the use of language on the Web. The Web may be one large corpus of text, but she suggests that communities will express themselves by the conventions used for writing hypertext. It may be that new information technologies will spawn new communities.
    Footnote
    Beitrag eines Themenheftes: Still the Frontier: Information Science at the Millenium
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 52(2001) no.1, S.36-43

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