-
Buizza, P.: Bibliographic control and authority control from Paris principles to the present (2004)
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- Abstract
- Forty years ago the ICCP in Paris laid the foundations of international co-operation in descriptive cataloging without explicitly speaking of authority control. Some of the factors in the evolution of authority control are the development of catalogs (from card catalog to local automation, to today's OPAC on the Web) and services provided by libraries (from individual service to local users to system networks, to the World Wide Web), as well as international agreements on cataloging (from Paris Principles to the UBC programme, to the report on Mandatory data elements for internationally shared resource authority records). This evolution progressed from the principle of uniform heading to the definition of authority entries and records, and from the responsibility of national bibliographic agencies for the form of the names of their own authors to be shared internationally to the concept of authorized equivalent heading. Some issues of the present state are the persisting differences among national rules and the aim of respecting both local culture and language and international readability.
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Lambe, P.: From cataloguers to designers : Paul Otlet, social Impact and a more proactive role for knowledge organisation professionals (2015)
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- Abstract
- In the early 20th century, Paul Otlet carved out a role for bibliography and documentation as a force for positive social change. While his ideals appeared to be utopian to many of his contemporaries, his activism and vision foreshadowed the potential of the World Wide Web. This paper discusses the role that KO professionals could play in enhancing the positive social impact of the web of knowledge, and how our roles are shifting from the more passive role of descriptive cataloguers, to proactive designers of positive and productive knowledge environments.
-
Eversberg, B.: ADV und Zetteldruck : ein Widerspruch? (1975)
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- Abstract
- A method is outlined which would permit a large number of libraries of all types to use centralised cataloguing facilities without the need for their own automatic data processing equipment and outlay. The method is seen as an alternative to the OCLC on-line data bank, and permits the ordering of printed catalogue cards by machine-readable but hand-prepared data cards, such as the loan cards which readers at the Münster library are at present required to complete. The proposed sequence of ordering is set out in 11 stages
- Source
- Zeitschrift für Bibliothekswesen und Bibliographie. 22(1975) H.5, S.387-390
-
Laaff, M.: Googles genialer Urahn (2011)
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- Content
- Karteikästen, Telefone, Multimedia-Möbel 1934 entwickelte Otlet die Idee eines weltweiten Wissens-"Netzes". Er versuchte, kaum dass Radio und Fernsehen erfunden waren, Multimedia-Konzepte zu entwickeln, um die Kooperationsmöglichkeiten für Forscher zu verbessern. Otlet zerbrach sich den Kopf darüber, wie Wissen über große Distanzen zugänglich gemacht werden kann. Er entwickelte Multimedia-Arbeitsmöbel, die mit Karteikästen, Telefonen und anderen Features das versuchten, was heute an jedem Rechner möglich ist. Auch ohne die Hilfe elektronischer Datenverarbeitung entwickelte er Ideen, deren Umsetzung wir heute unter Begriffen wie Web 2.0 oder Wikipedia kennen. Trotzdem sind sein Name und seine Arbeit heute weitgehend in Vergessenheit geraten. Als Vordenker von Hypertext und Internet gelten die US-Amerikaner Vannevar Bush, Ted Nelson und Douglas Engelbart. Die Überbleibsel der Mundaneum-Sammlung vermoderten jahrzehntelang auf halb verfallenen Dachböden.
Der Traum vom dynamischen, ständig wachsenden Wissensnetz Auch, weil Otlet bereits darüber nachdachte, wie in seinem vernetzten Wissenskatalog Anmerkungen einfließen könnten, die Fehler korrigieren oder Widerspruch abbilden. Vor dieser Analogie warnt jedoch Charles van den Heuvel von der Königlichen Niederländischen Akademie der Künste und Wissenschaften: Seiner Interpretation zufolge schwebte Otlet ein System vor, in dem Wissen hierarchisch geordnet ist: Nur eine kleine Gruppe von Wissenschaftlern sollte an der Einordnung von Wissen arbeiten; Bearbeitungen und Anmerkungen sollten, anders etwa als bei der Wikipedia, nicht mit der Information verschmelzen, sondern sie lediglich ergänzen. Das Netz, das Otlet sich ausmalte, ging weit über das World Wide Web mit seiner Hypertext-Struktur hinaus. Otlet wollte nicht nur Informationen miteinander verbunden werden - die Links sollten noch zusätzlich mit Bedeutung aufgeladen werden. Viele Experten sind sich einig, dass diese Idee von Otlet viele Parallelen zu dem Konzept des "semantischen Netz" aufweist. Dessen Ziel ist es, die Bedeutung von Informationen für Rechner verwertbar zu machen - so dass Informationen von ihnen interpretiert werden und maschinell weiterverarbeitet werden können. Projekte, die sich an einer Verwirklichung des semantischen Netzes versuchen, könnten von einem Blick auf Otlets Konzepte profitieren, so van den Heuvel, von dessen Überlegungen zu Hierarchie und Zentralisierung in dieser Frage. Im Mundaneum in Mons arbeitet man derzeit daran, Otlets Arbeiten zu digitalisieren, um sie ins Netz zu stellen. Das dürfte zwar noch ziemlich lange dauern, warnt Archivar Gillen. Aber wenn es soweit ist, wird sich endlich Otlets Vision erfüllen: Seine Sammlung des Wissens wird der Welt zugänglich sein. Papierlos, für jeden abrufbar."
- Date
- 24.10.2008 14:19:22
- Footnote
- Vgl. unter: http://www.spiegel.de/netzwelt/web/0,1518,768312,00.html.
-
Dobreski, B.; Kwasnik, B.: Changing depictions of persons in library practice : spirits, pseudonyms, and human books (2017)
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- Abstract
- Among knowledge organizing institutions, libraries have a rich history of depicting persons as information. From personal authority records to descriptions of oral history interviews, libraries have amassed data on persons from a variety of perspectives. Within this set of traditions, however, subtle but significant shifts in practice and conception have occurred, particularly concerning how persons are interpreted and depicted and how such depictions are justified. To explore these issues, we looked to four specific library traditions: authority work, community information, oral history, and "human library" events. Within these traditions, we identified six standards guiding the representation of persons. We performed a content analysis of these standards, along with a semantic alignment and comparison of descriptive elements. From this analysis, we reconstructed an historical timeline and a set of narratives capturing changing definitions of people, a shifting focus from names to identities, and an increasing acceptance of varied sources of justification. Findings show not only a number of critical variations within library practices but also practical and ethical issues concerning the responsibility of libraries as well as the redistribution and reuse of library data on the web.
-
Panizzi, A.K.C.B.: Passages in my official life (1871)
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- Date
- 22. 7.2007 12:05:26
22. 7.2007 12:08:24
-
Spicher, K.M.: ¬The development of the MARC format (1996)
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- Abstract
- The use of computerized cataloguing data requires a commitment on the part of libraries to the standardization of data elements and record formats. Early computerized formats were initiated by several research libraries to serve the needs of particular university systems. In developing MARC, the LoC drew on the experiences of these libraries in establishing a standard acceptable to the research library community for the interchange of bibliographic data. Discusses early computerized formats influencing MARC, the origins of the MARC Pilot Project, and design factors influencing the evolution of the format through MARC2. Research was based on primary sources documenting the early history of MARC, including unpublished documents in the LoC archives
-
Gartner, R.: Metadata : shaping knowledge from antiquity to the semantic web (2016)
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- Abstract
- This book offers a comprehensive guide to the world of metadata, from its origins in the ancient cities of the Middle East, to the Semantic Web of today. The author takes us on a journey through the centuries-old history of metadata up to the modern world of crowdsourcing and Google, showing how metadata works and what it is made of. The author explores how it has been used ideologically and how it can never be objective. He argues how central it is to human cultures and the way they develop. Metadata: Shaping Knowledge from Antiquity to the Semantic Web is for all readers with an interest in how we humans organize our knowledge and why this is important. It is suitable for those new to the subject as well as those know its basics. It also makes an excellent introduction for students of information science and librarianship.
- Theme
- Semantic Web
-
Zerbst, H.-J.; Kaptein, O.: Gegenwärtiger Stand und Entwicklungstendenzen der Sacherschließung : Auswertung einer Umfrage an deutschen wissenschaftlichen und Öffentlichen Bibliotheken (1993)
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- Abstract
- Ergebnis einer Umfrage aus dem Frühjahr 1993. A. Wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken: Versandt wurde der Fragebogen an die Mitglieder der Sektion IV des DBV. Fragen: (1a) Um welchen Bestand handelt es sich, der sachlich erschlossen wird? (1b) Wie groß ist dieser Bestand? (1c) Wird dieser Bestand vollständig oder nur in Auswahl (einzelne Fächer, Lehrbücher, Dissertationen o.ä.) sachlich erschlossen? (1d) Seit wann bestehen die jetzigen Sachkataloge? (2) Auf welche Art wird der Bestand zur Zeit sachlich erschlossen? (3a) Welche Klassifikation wird angewendet? (3b) Gibt es alphabetisches SyK-Register bzw. einen Zugriff auf die Klassenbeschreibungen? (3c) Gibt es ergänzende Schlüssel für die Aspekte Ort, Zeit, Form? (4) Falls Sie einen SWK führen (a) nach welchem Regelwerk? (b) Gibt es ein genormtes Vokabular oder einen Thesaurus (ggf. nur für bestimmte Fächer)? (5) In welcher Form existieren die Sachkataloge? (6) Ist die Bibliothek an einer kooperativen Sacherschließung, z.B. in einem Verbund beteiligt? [Nein: 79%] (7) Nutzen Sie Fremdleistungen bei der Sacherschließung? [Ja: 46%] (8) Welche sachlichen Suchmöglichkeiten gibt es für Benutzer? (9) Sind zukünftige Veränderungen bei der Sacherschließung geplant? [Ja: 73%]. - B. Öffentliche Bibliotheken: Die Umfrage richtete sich an alle ÖBs der Sektionen I, II und III des DBV. Fragen: (1) Welche Sachkataloge führen Sie? (2) Welche Klassifikationen (Systematiken) liegen dem SyK zugrunde? [ASB: 242; KAB: 333; SfB: 4 (???); SSD: 11; Berliner: 18] (3) Führen Sie ein eigenes Schlagwort-Register zum SyK bzw. zur Klassifikation (Systematik)? (4) Führen Sie den SWK nach ...? [RSWK: 132 (= ca. 60%) anderen Regeln: 93] (5) Seit wann bestehen die jetzigen Sachkataloge? (6) In welcher Form existiern die Sachkataloge? (7) In welchem Umfang wird der Bestand erschlossen? (8) Welche Signaturen verwenden Sie? (9) Ist die Bibliothek an einer kooperativen Sacherschließung, z.B. einem Verbund, beteiligt? [Nein: 96%] (10) Nutzen Sie Fremdleistungen bei der Sacherschließung? [Ja: 70%] (11) Woher beziehen Sie diese Fremdleistungen? (12) Verfügen Sie über ein Online-Katalogsystem mit OPAC? [Ja: 78; Nein: 614] (13) Sind zukünftig Veränderungen bei der Sacherschließung geplant? [Nein: 458; Ja: 237]; RESÜMEE für ÖB: "(i) Einführung von EDV-Katalogen bleibt auch in den 90er Jahren ein Thema, (ii) Der Aufbau von SWK wird in vielen Bibliotheken in Angriff genommen, dabei spielt die Fremddatenübernahme eine entscheidende Rolle, (iii) RSWK werden zunehmend angewandt, Nutzung der SWD auch für andere Regeln wirkt normierend, (iv) Große Bewegung auf dem 'Systematik-Markt' ist in absehbarer Zeit nicht zu erwarten, (v) Für kleinere Bibliotheken wird der Zettelkatalog auf absehbare Zeit noch die herrschende Katalogform sein, (vi) Der erhebliche Nachholbedarf in den neuen Bundesländern wird nur in einem größeren Zeitraum zu leisten sein. ??? SPEZIALBIBIOTHEKEN ???
-
Creider, L.S.: ¬A comparison of the Paris Principles and the International Cataloguing Principles (2009)
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- Abstract
- After more than forty-five years of cataloging experience with the Paris Principles and their impact on the international sharing of bibliographic data, the process of replacing them with a wider and deeper set of International Cataloguing Principles is nearing completion. This paper compares the scope, technological context, process of decision-making, conceptual framework, and amount of change involved in the adoption of the two different statements.
-
Eversberg, B.: Zur Katalogpolitik der alten Hochschulbibliotheken : Regeln für die alphabetische Katalogisierung (1978)
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- Abstract
- After a long delay the final edition of RAK has been published. The old university libraries have suffered for years from using the Prussian Instructions which are obsolete and time-consuming; they have hesitated to give their old catalogues up but should do so as soon as possible. A new cataloguing policy is now needed, moving away from traditional practices that still govern even RAK towards simplified rules suitable for future developments such as use in centralised regional catalogues and in automated data processing. Simplified rules are proposed and discussed in relation to American and British minimal cataloguing, with suggestions for changes in basic terminology, general rules, main and subordinate entries, personal name and corporate body entries and subject headings
-
Miksa, S.D.: Cataloging principles and objectives : history and development (2021)
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- Abstract
- Cataloging principles and objectives guide the formation of cataloging rules governing the organization of information within the library catalog, as well as the function of the catalog itself. Changes in technologies wrought by the internet and the web have been the driving forces behind shifting cataloging practice and reconfigurations of cataloging rules. Modern cataloging principles and objectives started in 1841 with the creation of Panizzi's 91 Rules for the British Museum and gained momentum with Charles Cutter's Rules for Descriptive Cataloging (1904). The first Statement of International Cataloguing Principles (ICP) was adopted in 1961, holding their place through such codifications as AACR and AACR2 in the 1970s and 1980s. Revisions accelerated starting in 2003 with the three original FR models. The Library Reference Model (LRM) in 2017 acted as a catalyst for the evolution of principles and objectives culminating in the creation of Resource Description and Access (RDA) in 2013.
-
Blake, V.L.P.: Forging the Anglo-American Cataloging Alliance : descriptive cataloging, 1830-1908 (2003)
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- Pages
- S.3-22
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Steinhagen, E.N.: Historical perspective of a union catalog in Chile : authorities and periodicals (2003)
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- Date
- 29. 7.2006 20:06:22
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Krajewski, M.: Paper machines : about cards & catalogs, 1548-1929 (2011)
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- Abstract
- "Krajewski draws on recent German media theory and on a rich array of European and American sources in this thought-provoking account of the index card as a tool of information management. In investigating the road from the slips of paper of the 16th century to the data processing of the 20th, Krajewski highlights its twists and turns--failures and unintended consequences, reinventions, and surprising transfers."--Ann M. Blair, Henry Charles Lea Professor of History, Harvard University, and author of Too Much to Know: Managing Scholarly Information before the Modern Age -- Ann Blair "This is a fascinating, original, continuously surprising, and meticulously researched study of the long history of the emergence of card systems for organizing not only libraries but business activities in Europe and the United States. It is particularly important for English language readers due to its European perspective and the extraordinary range of German and other resources on which it draws." --W. Boyd Rayward, Professor Emeritus, Graduate School of Library and Information Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign -- W. Boyd Rayward "Markus Krajewski has done the history of cataloguing and the history of information management a considerable service: I recommend it highly." -- Professor Tom Wilson, Editor-in-Chief, Information Research
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Blake, V.L.P.: Forging the Anglo-American cataloging alliance : descriptive cataloging, 1830-1908 (2002)
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- Source
- Cataloging and classification quarterly. 35(2002) nos.1/2, S.3-22
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Understanding FRBR : what it is and how it will affect our retrieval tools (2007)
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- Content
- 1. An Introduction to Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) - Arlene G. Taylor (1-20) 2. An Introduction to Functional Requirements for Authority Data (FRAD) - Glenn E. Patton (21-28) 3. Understanding the Relationship between FRBR and FRAD - Glenn E. Patton (29-34) 4. FRBR and the History of Cataloging - William Denton (35-58) 5. The Impact of Research on the Development of FRBR - Edward T. O'Neill (59-72) 6. Bibliographic Families and Superworks - Richard P. Smiraglia (73-86) 7. FRBR and RDA (Resource Description and Access) - Barbara B. Tillett (87-96) 8. FRBR and Archival Materials - Alexander C. Thurman (97-102) 9. FRBR and Works of Art, Architecture, and Material Culture - Murtha Baca and Sherman Clarke (103-110) 10. FRBR and Cartographic Materials - Mary Lynette Larsgaard (111-116) 11. FRBR and Moving Image Materials - Martha M. Yee (117-130) 12. FRBR and Music - Sherry L. Vellucci (131-152) 13. FRBR and Serials - Steven C. Shadle (153-174)
- Footnote
- Resonanz: "Arlene Taylor and her compadres don't even try to teach you how to construct a hierarchical record. Instead, they direct their efforts toward showcasing what's possible when digital technology and traditional cataloging practice meet. This is the future of cataloging." - Library Media Connection "The emergence of this textbook is testimony to the breadth and depth of work done to date. It documents much of that work, and provides a good basic introduction to FRBR that is broadly understandable... The relational concepts within FRBR are complicated and can be challenging. This book does a good job of illuminating them in a straightforward manner. It also describes how the application of the FRBR concepts could improve our systems of bibliographic access in very specific ways... For those of us that really want or need to be able to predict the impact that FRBR will have on our work, this is an accessible explanation of the current state of the art. As such it is a real contribution to our understanding." - TechKNOW "Understanding FRBR... features chapters contributed by leading authorities in the cataloging field... It offers a basic introduction to FRBR, discussions about FRBR, FRAD (functional requirements for authority data), and RDA (resource description and access), and the issues involved in using FRBR in nontraditional library settings such as with cartographic materials and music. Both books are well illustrated and include numerous bibliographical resources.' [Reviewed in conjuntion with FRBR: A Guide for the Perplexed]." - Library Journal "Taylor and her contributors cover FRBR and introduce the reader to FRAD as well... All chapters conclude with current and useful references to further reading and more information." - Booklist "Understanding FRBR is clearly written, well illustrated (many of the concepts are clarified by very helpful diagrams), and well indexed; additionally, chapters feature extensive bibliographies, many of which provide URLs to the IFLA groups' documents. While it may seem that this book is of interest only to catalogers, the application of FRBR will change the structure of catalog and the systems used to store and display it; therefore, it is an important text for systems librarians, reference librarians, and anybody else interested in the future of the organization and display of bibliographic information." - College & Research Libraries "Understanding FRBR is a useful and timely book that brings together recent developments in FRBR and offers several assessments of it." - Technicalities "No cataloguer, bibliographic systems designer or library and information science lecturers and students should be without this book. It is a useful resource in acquiring an understanding of what FRBR is about and how it will change the way in which cataloguers will think about cataloguing in future." - The Electronic Library
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Dousa, T.M.: E. Wyndham Hulme's classification of the attributes of books : On an early model of a core bibliographical entity (2017)
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- Abstract
- Modelling bibliographical entities is a prominent activity within knowledge organization today. Current models of bibliographic entities, such as Functional Requirements for Bibliographical Records (FRBR) and the Bibliographic Framework (BIBFRAME), take inspiration from data - modelling methods developed by computer scientists from the mid - 1970s on. Thus, it would seem that the modelling of bibliographic entities is an activity of very recent vintage. However, it is possible to find examples of bibliographical models from earlier periods of knowledge organization. The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to one such model, outlined by the early 20th - century British classification theorist E. Wyndham Hulme in his essay on "Principles of Book Classification" (1911 - 1912). There, Hulme set forth a classification of various attributes by which books can conceivably be classified. These he first divided into accidental and inseparable attributes. Accidental attributes were subdivided into edition - level and copy - level attributes and inseparable attitudes, into physical and non - physical attributes. Comparison of Hulme's classification of attributes with those of FRBR and BIBFRAME 2.0 reveals that the different classes of attributes in Hulme's classification correspond to groups of attributes associated with different bibliographical entities in those models. These later models assume the existence of different bibliographic entities in an abstraction hierarchy among which attributes are distributed, whereas Hulme posited only a single entity - the book - , whose various aspects he clustered into different classes of attributes. Thus, Hulme's model offers an interesting alternative to current assumptions about how to conceptualize the relationship between attributes and entities in the bibliographical universe.
-
Dousa, T.M.: E. Wyndham Hulme's classification of the attributes of books : on an early model of a core bibliographical entity (2017)
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- Abstract
- Modelling bibliographical entities is a prominent activity within knowledge organization today. Current models of bibliographic entities, such as Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) and the Bibliographic Framework (BIBFRAME), take inspiration from data-modelling methods developed by computer scientists from the mid-1970s on. Thus, it would seem that the modelling of bibliographic entities is an activity of very recent vintage. However, it is possible to find examples of bibliographical models from earlier periods of knowledge organization. The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to one such model, outlined by the early twentiethcentury British classification theorist E. Wyndham Hulme in his essay on "Principles of Book Classification" (1911-1912). There, Hulme set forth a classification of various attributes by which books can be classified. These he first divided into "accidental" and "inseparable" attributes. Accidental attributes were subdivided into edition-level and copy-level attributes and inseparable attitudes, into "physical" and "non-physical" attributes. Comparison of Hulme's classification of attributes with those of FRBR and BIBFRAME 2.0 reveals that the different classes of attributes in Hulme's classification correspond to groups of attributes associated with different bibliographical entities in those models. These later models assume the existence of different bibliographic entities in an abstract hierarchy among which attributes are distributed, whereas Hulme posited only a single entity-the book-whose various aspects he clustered into different classes of attributes. Thus, Hulme's model offers an interesting alternative to current assumptions about how to conceptualize the relationship between attributes and entities in the bibliographical universe.
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Pettee, J.: ¬The subject approach to books and the development of the dictionary catalog (1985)
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- Footnote
- Original in: Pettee, J.: The history and theory of the alphabetical subject approach to books. New York: Wilson 1946. S.22-25.
