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  • × theme_ss:"Geschichte der Klassifikationssysteme"
  1. Heuvel, C. van den: Multidimensional classifications : past and future conceptualizations and visualizations (2012) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    This paper maps the concepts "space" and "dimensionality" in classifications, in particular in visualizations hereof, from a historical perspective. After a historical excursion in the domain of classification theory of what in mathematics is known as dimensionality reduction in representations of a single universe of knowledge, its potentiality will be explored for information retrieval and navigation in the multiverse of the World Wide Web.
    Date
    22. 2.2013 11:31:25
  2. Dewey, M.: Decimal classification and relativ index : introduction (1985) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    To those outside the field of library science, the name Melvil Dewey (1851-1931) is virtually synonymous with library classification. To those in the field, Dewey has been recognized as the premier classification maker. His enormously successful system (i.e., successful in terms of the wide adoption of the system around the world for over one hundred years) has now undergone nineteen editions. The Dewey Decimal Classification has been translated into more than twenty languages and is the most widely adopted classification scheme in the world. Even in its earliest manifestations, the Dewey Decimal Classification contained features that anticipated modern classification theory. Among these are the use of mnemonics and the commonly applied standard subdivisions, later called "common isolates" by S. R. Ranganathan (q.v.), which are the mainstays of facet analysis and synthesis. The device of standard subdivisions is an indication of the recognition of common aspects that pervade all subjects. The use of mnemonics, whereby recurring concepts in the scheme are represented by the same notation, for example, geographic concepts and language concepts, eased the transition of the Dewey Decimal Classification from a largely enumerative system to an increasingly faceted one. Another significant feature of the Dewey Decimal Classification is the use of the hierarchical notation based an the arabic numeral system. To a large extent, this feature accounts for the wide use and success of the system in the world across language barriers. With the prospect of increasing online information retrieval, the hierarchical notation will have a significant impact an the effectiveness of the Dewey Decimal Classification as an online retrieval tool. Because the notation is hierarchical, for example, with increasing digits in a number representing narrower subjects and decreasing digits indicating broader subjects, the Dewey Decimal Classification is particularly useful in generic searches for broadening or narrowing search results. In the preface to the second edition of his Decimal Classification Dewey explained the features of his "new" system. The excerpt below presents his ideas and theory concerning the rational basis of his classification, the standard subdivisions, the hierarchical notation based an decimal numbers, the use of mnemonics, the relative index, and relative location. It also reflects Dewey's lifelong interest in simplified spelling.
  3. Classification research for knowledge representation and organization : Proc. of the 5th Int. Study Conf. on Classification Research, Toronto, Canada, 24.-28.6.1991 (1992) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    This volume deals with both theoretical and empirical research in classification and encompasses universal classification systems, special classification systems, thesauri and the place of classification in a broad spectrum of document and information systems. Papers fall into one or three major areas as follows: 1) general principles and policies 2) structure and logic in classification; and empirical investigation; classification in the design of various types of document/information systems. The papers originate from the ISCCR '91 conference and have been selected according to the following criteria: relevance to the conference theme; importance of the topic in the representation and organization of knowledge; quality; and originality in terms of potential contribution to research and new knowledge.
    Content
    Enthält die Beiträge: SVENONIUS, E.: Classification: prospects, problems, and possibilities; BEALL, J.: Editing the Dewey Decimal Classification online: the evolution of the DDC database; BEGHTOL, C.: Toward a theory of fiction analysis for information storage and retrieval; CRAVEN, T.C.: Concept relation structures and their graphic display; FUGMANN, R.: Illusory goals in information science research; GILCHRIST, A.: UDC: the 1990's and beyond; GREEN, R.: The expression of syntagmatic relationships in indexing: are frame-based index languages the answer?; HUMPHREY, S.M.: Use and management of classification systems for knowledge-based indexing; MIKSA, F.L.: The concept of the universe of knowledge and the purpose of LIS classification; SCOTT, M. u. A.F. FONSECA: Methodology for functional appraisal of records and creation of a functional thesaurus; ALBRECHTSEN, H.: PRESS: a thesaurus-based information system for software reuse; AMAESHI, B.: A preliminary AAT compatible African art thesaurus; CHATTERJEE, A.: Structures of Indian classification systems of the pre-Ranganathan era and their impact on the Colon Classification; COCHRANE, P.A.: Indexing and searching thesauri, the Janus or Proteus of information retrieval; CRAVEN, T.C.: A general versus a special algorithm in the graphic display of thesauri; DAHLBERG, I.: The basis of a new universal classification system seen from a philosophy of science point of view: DRABENSTOTT, K.M., RIESTER, L.C. u. B.A.DEDE: Shelflisting using expert systems; FIDEL, R.: Thesaurus requirements for an intermediary expert system; GREEN, R.: Insights into classification from the cognitive sciences: ramifications for index languages; GROLIER, E. de: Towards a syndetic information retrieval system; GUENTHER, R.: The USMARC format for classification data: development and implementation; HOWARTH, L.C.: Factors influencing policies for the adoption and integration of revisions to classification schedules; HUDON, M.: Term definitions in subject thesauri: the Canadian literacy thesaurus experience; HUSAIN, S.: Notational techniques for the accomodation of subjects in Colon Classification 7th edition: theoretical possibility vis-à-vis practical need; KWASNIK, B.H. u. C. JORGERSEN: The exploration by means of repertory grids of semantic differences among names of official documents; MICCO, M.: Suggestions for automating the Library of Congress Classification schedules; PERREAULT, J.M.: An essay on the prehistory of general categories (II): G.W. Leibniz, Conrad Gesner; REES-POTTER, L.K.: How well do thesauri serve the social sciences?; REVIE, C.W. u. G. SMART: The construction and the use of faceted classification schema in technical domains; ROCKMORE, M.: Structuring a flexible faceted thsaurus record for corporate information retrieval; ROULIN, C.: Sub-thesauri as part of a metathesaurus; SMITH, L.C.: UNISIST revisited: compatibility in the context of collaboratories; STILES, W.G.: Notes concerning the use chain indexing as a possible means of simulating the inductive leap within artificial intelligence; SVENONIUS, E., LIU, S. u. B. SUBRAHMANYAM: Automation in chain indexing; TURNER, J.: Structure in data in the Stockshot database at the National Film Board of Canada; VIZINE-GOETZ, D.: The Dewey Decimal Classification as an online classification tool; WILLIAMSON, N.J.: Restructuring UDC: problems and possibilies; WILSON, A.: The hierarchy of belief: ideological tendentiousness in universal classification; WILSON, B.F.: An evaluation of the systematic botany schedule of the Universal Decimal Classification (English full edition, 1979); ZENG, L.: Research and development of classification and thesauri in China; CONFERENCE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
    Theme
    Klassifikationssysteme im Online-Retrieval
  4. Coates, E.J.: Classification in information retrieval : the twenty years following Dorking (1978) 0.01 
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  5. Barat, A.H.: Hungarians in the history of the UDC (2014) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    I outline a major segment of the history of the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) in Hungary and all related important events and activities. Significant and committed specialists who played prominent role on a national and international level are also mentioned. It's not an overstatement, that the usage and publications of the UDC in Hungary are significant milestones in the international history of UDC. The usage of UDC has been very widespread and it is found in different types of libraries. People who were responsible for the developing of information retrieval systems and quality of these methods were very engaged and participated in international activities. There were several huge libraries such as special, academic, municipal and national library where UDC has been employed since quite early on and the leaders of these pioneer libraries travelled widely and were active in international researches and practices.
    Source
    Knowledge organization in the 21st century: between historical patterns and future prospects. Proceedings of the Thirteenth International ISKO Conference 19-22 May 2014, Kraków, Poland. Ed.: Wieslaw Babik
  6. Kleineberg, M.: ¬Die elementaren Formen der Klassifikation : ein strukturgenetischer Beitrag zur Informationsgeschichte (2012) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Die Kontextabhängigkeit von Klassifikationssystemen wird in kognitive, soziale, kulturelle und historische Aspekte differenziert und ein anthropologisches Grundverständnis innerhalb der Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft nahegelegt. Die Ausgangsfrage von Emile Durkheim und Marcel Mauss nach einem entwicklungslogischen Zusammenhang historischer Ordnungsformen wird wieder aufgenommen und in Auseinandersetzung mit kulturrelativistischen Standpunkten ein nachklassischer Ansatz zur Strukturgenese des klassifikatorischen Denkens vorgestellt. Als methodologischer Beitrag zur Informationsgeschichte wird aufgezeigt, von welchem Bezugspunkt kulturvergleichende Forschungen zur Wissensorganisation ausgehen können.
  7. Miksa, S.D.: ¬The relationship between classification research and information retrieval research : 1952 to 1970 (2017) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the initial relationship between the Classification Research Group (CRG) and the Center for Documentation and Communication Research (CDCR) and how this relationship changed between 1952 and 1970. The theory of normative behavior and its concepts of worldviews, social norms, social types, and information behavior are used to characterize the relationship between the small worlds of the two groups with the intent of understanding the gap between early classification research and information retrieval (IR) research. Design/methodology/approach This is a mixed method analysis of two groups as evidenced in published artifacts by and about their work. A thorough review of historical literature about the groups as well as their own published works was employed and an author co-citation analysis was used to characterize the conceptual similarities and differences of the two groups of researchers. Findings The CRG focused on fundamental principles to aid classification and retrieval of information. The CDCR were more inclined to develop practical methods of retrieval without benefit of good theoretical foundations. The CRG began it work under the contention that the general classification schemes at the time were inadequate for the developing IR mechanisms. The CDCR rejected the classification schemes of the times and focused on developing punch card mechanisms and processes that were generously funded by both government and corporate funding. Originality/value This paper provides a unique historical analysis of two groups of influential researchers in the field of library and information science.
  8. Coates, E.J.: Classification in information retrieval : the twenty years following Dorking (1997) 0.00 
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    Imprint
    The Hague : International Federation for Information and Documentation (FID)
  9. Svenonius, E.: Facet definition: a case study (1978) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Historical account of the sophisticated method of indexing developed by J.O. Kaiser (1896/97), a librarian at the Philadelphia Commercial Museum who established his index on cards (a novelty then) and distinguished his items according to the categories 'concrete', 'process', and 'country'. He also introduced "statement indexing" and rules to this end in order to permit the supply of "complete information" on a subject in a document. In summarizing these findings, the author stresses the necessitiy of establishing well-defined categories if an organization of terms is to serve e.g. information retrieval.
  10. Favier, L.; Mustafa El Hadi, W.: From text to image : the concept of universality in the knowledge organization system designed by Paul Otlet and the International Institute of Bibliography (2012) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    This paper will examine the documentary universalism defended by Paul Otlet, as an aspect of his universalist philosophy. We will particularly be focusing on two elements of his knowledge organization theory: text and image documents. Then we will compare Otlet's universalist approach with the challenges of the "universal search" at the internet age. In order to discuss Paul Otlet's legacy, related to universal search and UDC role, we are currently analyzing the UIR archives, and more broadly, the Mundaneum's archives. The most important part of our research carried in the Mundaneum's archives will concern the Universal Iconographic Repertory (UIR) and what it reveals about the nature of the UDC and its's role in the universal search. This term covers both search engines and online libraries' catalogs tailored for searching on the Web.
  11. Rayward, W.B.: ¬The origins of information science and the International Institute of Bibliography / International Federation for Information and Documentation (FID) (1997) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Describes the history and origins of the International Institute of Bibliography, founded in 1895 and which later became the FID. Outlines the work of Paul Otlet and his colleagues in developing the idea of universal bibliographic control through the Répertoire Bibliographique Universel and the emergence of the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) as the means of its classifies arrangement. Stresses the key role played by this work in developing the main concepts of information science and documentation
    Source
    International forum on information and documentation. 22(1997) no.2, S.3-15
  12. Tennis, J.T.: Never facets alone : the evolving thought and persistent problems in Ranganathan's theories of classification (2017) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Shiyali Ramamrita Ranganathan's theory of classification spans a number of works over a number of decades. And while he was devoted to solving many problems in the practice of librarianship, and is known as the father of library science in India (Garfield, 1984), his work in classification revolves around one central concern. His classification research addressed the problems that arose from introducing new ideas into a scheme for classification, while maintaining a meaningful hierarchical and systematically arranged order of classes. This is because hierarchical and systematically arranged classes are the defining characteristic of useful classification. To lose this order is to through the addition of new classes is to introduce confusion, if not chaos, and to move toward a useless classification - or at least one that requires complete revision. In the following chapter, I outline the stages, and the elements of those stages, in Ranganathan's thought on classification from 1926-1972, as well as posthumous work that continues his agenda. And while facets figure prominently in all of these stages; but for Ranganathan to achieve his goal, he must continually add to this central feature of his theory of classification. I will close this chapter with an outline of persistent problems that represent research fronts for the field. Chief among these are what to do about scheme change and the open question about the rigor of information modeling in light of semantic web developments.
  13. Broughton, V.: Henry Evelyn Bliss : the other immortal or a prophet without honour? (2008) 0.00 
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    Date
    9. 2.1997 18:44:22
    Source
    Journal of librarianship and information science. 40(2008) no.1, S.45-58
  14. Sukiasyan, E.: Classification systems in their historical development : problems of typology and terminology (1998) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    The history of structural development of classification systems (CS) is typologically divided into three main stages. Enumerative CS developed from ordinal towards hierarchical. In combinational CS, combinatory techniques evolved from division by analogy towards a fully-fledged system of typical subdivisions of general and special use. Syntactic designations were employed to combine notational symbols within wide limits. The invention of categorial analysis facilitated the development of faceted or analytical-synthetic CS. The system types under consideration are functioning simultaneously in the indexing practice. Clearly defined continuity can be observed. Each higher-ranking type comprises structural elements of its predecessor. Otherwise stated, each combinational classification contains elements of an enumerative one, while each faceted or analytical-synthetic CS includes elements of a combinational system
  15. Rötzer, A.: ¬Die Einteilung der Wissenschaften : Analyse und Typologisierung von Wissenschaftsklassifikationen (2003) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Durch die rasche Vermehrung und erhöhte Verschränkung der Wissenschaften stoßen die klassischen zweidimensionalen und hierarchischen Klassifikationen heute an eine Grenze. Die eindeutige Hierarchisierung kann hier nur auf Kosten der potentiell auszubildenden Beziehungen zwischen den zu klassifizierenden Wissenschaften gehen, denn, um die Logik der Hierarchie zu bewahren, muss häufig auf die Logik der inhaltlichen Zusammenhänge verzichten werden. Eine Lösung in Form von mehrdimensionalen Verbindungen und In-Bezug-Setzungen bieten die Darstellungsmöglichkeiten der neuen Medien. Einen Schritt in diese Richtung unternahm ARTUR P. SCHMIDT mit seinem 1999 auch als CD-Rom erschienen 'Wissensnavigator'. Unter Bezugnahme auf Deleuzes und Guattaris 'Rhizom' fordert er eine ungehinderte Vernetzung des Wissens in alle Richtungen. Er sieht sich damit im Einklang mit den Entwicklungen seiner Zeit. Interaktive Benutzung soll diese totale Vernetzung des Wissens generieren, indem der Benutzer der Enzyklopädie durch seine Anfragen bei ihrer Evolution mitwirkt. Die Darstellbarkeit dieser Vernetzung soll mit Hilfe eines sich in einem 4-dimensionalen Raum befindlichen "Hyperkubus" ermöglicht werden, der "in einer Matrix ein neuronales Netzwerk" enthalten soll. Neben diesem wohl noch als utopisch zu bezeichnenden Projekt gibt es derzeit eine Anzahl konservativerer Ansätze der Klassifizierung im Internet, die größte Differenzierungen erlauben, aber auf ungeregelte 'Hyperverlinkung' verzichten. Sollten jedoch Projekte wie die ARTUR P. SCHMIDTS realisiert werden können, so ist damit vielleicht auch Nietzsches Forderung zu erfüllen, die er noch in weiter Ferne vermutete.
  16. Foskett, D.J.: ¬'A rustic in the library' : The first Dr. Pafford Memorial Lecture (1997) 0.00 
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    Date
    9. 2.1997 18:44:22
    Source
    Journal of librarianship and information science. 29(1997) no.4, S.211-216
  17. LaBarre, K.: ¬The heritage of early FC in document reference retrieval systems : 1920-1969 (2007) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Revisits the heritage of faceted classification (FC) beginning with an examination of the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) in its early manifestations and the groundwork established by international documentalist groups. Early document retrieval experimentation with FC during the intensive period of system design, testing and evaluation in the 1950s and 1960s is discussed, as well as the rise of an international discourse community that sought to augment and extend the reach of FC through system implementations. A list of acronyms employed in the article is given in an appendix.
  18. Wellisch, H.H.: Organisatorische Neuordnung des DK-Systems (1971) 0.00 
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    Source
    Nachrichten für Dokumentation. 22(1971), S.55-63
  19. Hopwood, H.V.: Dewey expanded (1985) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Toward the end of the nineteenth century, Paul Otlet and Henri LaFontaine of Belgium initiated the compilation of an index to all recorded knowledge. Instead of an alphabetical file, they decided to adopt a classified arrangement. For the basis of such an arrangement, they turned to the Dewey Decimal Classification, a system which was gaining wide acceptance in American libraries. With permission secured from Melvil Dewey to expand the system to include details required for an indexing tool, Otlet and LaFontaine began developing what was to become the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC). Following the establishment of the Institut International de Bibliographie (IIB), later the Fédération Internationale de Documentation (FID), in 1895, work an the universal index and the classification scheme proceeded under its aegis. In 1905, the classification scheme was published as the Manuel du Répertoire bibliographique universel. While the initial, ambitious project of the universal index was abandoned, the classification scheme itself was widely adopted, particularly in special libraries in Europe. A second edition was published in 1927-1933 under the title Classification décimale universelle. The development and maintanance of the scheme continued with the support of the FID. In the course of its development, the UDC moved further and further away from its prototype, the Dewey Decimal Classification. One of the major differences between the two systems is the use of relators in UDC. The notation adopted by Melvil Dewey for his scheme is a hierarchical one; in other words, the notation reflects the hierarchical relationships among subjects. However, it does not display the relationships among the facets, or aspects, of a particular subject. Furthermore, the use of auxiliaries in the Dewey Decimal Classification, beginning with the form subdivisions and gradually expanding to include geographic subdivisions and finally other auxiliaries in the most recent editions, has been relatively restricted. As an indexing tool, Otlet and LaFontaine felt that their system needed commonly applicable auxiliaries which they called "determinatives."` To this end, a series of special symbols were introduced into the system for the purpose of combining related subjects and indicating different facets or aspects of the main subject. The use of these symbols, called relators, with the auxiliaries has rendered the Universal Decimal Classification a synthetic scheme. In this respect, the UDC has moved much more rapidly than the Dewey Decimal Classification toward becoming a faceted classification. In the following paper, Henry V. Hopwood, a Senior Assistant at the British Patent Office Library during the 1900s, explains the use and rationale of relators, or "marks," as he calls them, in the Universal Decimal Classification.
  20. Dewey, M.: Decimal classification beginnings (1990) 0.00 
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    Date
    25.12.1995 22:28:43

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