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  • × theme_ss:"Rechtsfragen"
  1. Nagenborg, M..: Privacy im Social Semantic Web (2009) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    Der Schwerpunkt dieses Beitrages liegt auf dem Design von Infrastrukturen, welche es ermöglichen sollen, private Daten kontrolliert preiszugeben und auszutauschen. Zunächst wird daran erinnert, dass rechtliche und technische Maßnahmen zum Datenschutz stets auch dazu dienen, den Austausch von Daten zu ermöglichen. Die grundlegende Herausforderung besteht darin, der sozialen und politischen Bedeutung des Privaten Rechnung zu tragen. Privatheit wird aus der Perspektive der Informationsethik dabei als ein normatives, handlungsleitendes Konzept verstanden. Als Maßstab für die Gestaltung der entsprechenden Infrastrukturen wird auf Helen Nissenbaums Konzept der "privacy as contextual integrity" zurückgegriffen, um u. a. die Ansätze der "end-to-end information accountability" und des "Privacy Identity Management for Europe"- Projektes zu diskutieren.
    Object
    Web 2.0
    Source
    Social Semantic Web: Web 2.0, was nun? Hrsg.: A. Blumauer u. T. Pellegrini
    Theme
    Semantic Web
  2. Whitwell, S.C.A.: Internet public library : same metaphors, new service (1997) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Describes the Internet Public Library (IPL), a Web service provided by staff at the University of Michigan School of Information which makes available a wide range of full text files arranged according to the DDC and which tries to replicate many of the features of a public library in a Web environemnt. Reports the views of the group behind the project on a range of issues to do with the IPL, the Web, copyright and other legal aspects of electronic information, and the future of libraries
  3. Ramsden, A.: Electronic information for students : the ELINOR project (1996) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Describes ELINOR (Electronic Library Information Online Retrieval), the electronic library project of De Montfort University, based at Milton Keynes, UK. The project uses document image processing to build a document database containing the full contents of undergradutae texts, including copyright material and University documents. Against the background of the strategic aims of the multi campus university, describes the hardware and software used, the inputting of documents, searching and browsing, the use of a WWW interface, major issues in dealing with publishers, and the pricing model used. Briefly notes the results of a study of user satisfaction, and how use of the system is monitored
  4. Juraschko, B.: Digital Rights Management und Zwangslizenz (2006) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    In den letzten Jahrzehnten ließ sich eine zunehmende Verbesserung der Kopiertechnik beobachten. Während analoge Kopien noch Qualitätsunterschiede zum Original aufwiesen, sind digitale Kopien und digitales Original ununterscheidbar geworden. Mitte der 1990er Jahre wurde diese Entwicklung erstmals zu einem ernsten Problem für die Musikindustrie. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt wurden die CDBrenner für Endverbraucher erschwinglich. Ende der 1990er Jahre erfuhren außerdem die so genannten Internet Tauschbörsen immer stärkeren Zulauf, da Internet-Benutzer dort kostenlos Dateien von der Festplatte anderer Benutzer kopieren können. Meist handelt es sich dabei um urheberrechtlich geschützte Musik, Filme oder Software. Dies führte zu einem immensen Anstieg privater Vervielfältigungen. Gleichzeitig geht der Bedarf an gewerblich hergestellten Kopien stärker zurück. Damit verlagert sich insgesamt der Schwerpunkt des Vervielfältigungsvorgangs aus dem gewerblichen in den dezentralen privaten Sektor.
  5. Hoeren, T.: Bibliotheken am Rande des Nervenzusammenbruchs : das Recht und die wissenschaftliche Information (2006) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Längst hat die Informationsgesellschaft auch in die Bibliotheken von Fachhochschulen und Universitäten Einzug gehalten. Wissenschaftler und Studierende nutzen neben herkömmlichen Werken auf Papier zunehmend die Vorzüge elektronischer Medien. Ganze Studiengänge sind online organisiert. Lehr- und Lernmaterialien werden digital aufbereitet, multimedial kombiniert und im World Wide Web und Intranets bereitgestellt und abgerufen. Digitale Nutzungen reichen von der lokalen Bereitstellung elektronischer Medien an Bibliotheksarbeitsplätzen bis hin zur länderübergreifenden Verknüpfung von Abrufmöglichkeiten von Bibliotheken. Über Hochschulnetze und das Internet erfolgen Zugriffe auf Volltextdatenbanken. Archive auf Papier werden ergänzt und teilweise ersetzt durch andere Möglichkeiten der Speicherung wie etwa auf CDROMs. Manchmal treten E-Books und elektronische Zeitschriften an die Stelle herkömmlicher Publikationen, häufig existieren beide Formen nebeneinander. Bibliotheken sehen sich seit Jahren mit der Herausforderung konfrontiert, sich den Möglichkeiten der Informationsgesellschaft anzupassen und deren Nutzung zu fördern. Neben einer Vielzahl technischer, organisatorischer, wirtschaftlicher und didaktischer Fragen bringt dieser Strukturwandel unweigerlich eine Reihe rechtlicher Probleme mit sich. Einerseits fragt sich, wie sich die neuen technischen Nutzungsmöglichkeiten in den vorhandenen Rechtsrahmen einfügen, andererseits hat die Informationsgesellschaft Änderungen des Rechtsrahmens mit erheblicher Bedeutung auch für Bibliotheken mit sich gebracht. Beide Problemkreise haben ihren Ausgangspunkt in neuen technischen Möglichkeiten.
  6. Stubley, P.: Future developments and impacts of multimedia (1994) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Dealing with some of the effects of multimedia for those involved in the conventional publishing chain. Among the aspects dealt with are the rival formats for distribution and playback; how publishers are apporaching multimedia, and software companies approaching publishing; multimedia music; ownership copyright; and networking implications. Notes the role of SuperJANET in the UK in the area of multimedia networking, and the prospect of publishers beginning to use networks as a way of publishing and distributing their products
    Source
    Information management report. 1994, July, S.11-14
    Theme
    Elektronisches Publizieren
  7. Hunter, K.: Issues and experiments in electronic publishing and dissemination (1994) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Examines the USA national context of electronic publishing. Before the visions of electronic publishing become a reality the following issues must be dealt with: market readiness, availability of public and private funding, delivery standards, enabling software, intellectual property concerns, and new pricing and licensing models. Examines CD-ROM publishing, customized college publishing, and electronic only journals and discusses the electronic distribution of traditional print journals
    Source
    Information technology and libraries. 13(1994) no.2, S.127-132
    Theme
    Elektronisches Publizieren
  8. Oppenheim, C.: Electronic copyright and the law librarian (1994) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Covers issues concerned with copyright in machine readable records such as electronic databases and their usage. computer software and electrocopying. Considers the position regarding copyright in abstracts, and whether online databases can be considered literary works. Highlights some key court cases concerning database and compilation copyright in both the US and Europe. Notes the complex copyright implications of multimedia information delivery, and particular concerns over the copying and piracy of computer software. A European directive on database copyright is in preparation
  9. Khalil, M.A.; Jayatilleke, R.: ¬The use of electronic journals in libraries (1996) 0.01 
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    Imprint
    Medford, NJ : Information Today
    Source
    Proceedings of the 17th National Online Meeting 1996, New York, 14-16 May 1996. Ed.: M.E. Williams
    Theme
    Elektronisches Publizieren
  10. Networking CD-ROMs : practical applications for today and solutions for the future (1991) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Issues concerning the networking of CD-ROM databases are discussed: wide area networking: telephone access with ASCII terminals, licensing CD-ROM databases for LANs
    Source
    Online libraries and microcomputers. 9(1991) no.1, S.1-4
  11. Schwartz, E.: Like a book on a wire (1993) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Discusses the publishing of books online on the Internet, in the USA. The issues is treated mainly in relation to trade publishers. Outlines various ways in which such publishers have so far used the Internet, for example in the publishing of the full text of works of fiction, for publishing catalogues, and for presenting authors to the public via bulletin boards or electronic conferences. Notes a number or problems which arise: copyright, payment for accessing items, advertising restrictions, and the ease with which the published unit can be tampered with when available on the Internet. Also discusses collaboration and conflicts between publishers and the technology industry
    Source
    Publishers weekly. 240(1993) no.47, 22 Nov., S.33-35,38
    Theme
    Elektronisches Publizieren
  12. Zhao, D.G.; Ramsden, A.: Report on the ELINOR electronic library project (1995) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    A pilot system was implemented in 1993. The pilot system is now being extended in terms of the subject coverage and network access. Covers the user aspect, the system architecture and copyright management of the ELINOR (Electronic Library INformation Online Retrieval) electronic library
    Source
    Information services and use. 15(1995) no.3, S.199-212
  13. Bauwens, M.: ¬The Internet for legal professionals (1997) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Discusses use of the Internet and WWW in searching for sources of information on the legal profession in the wider context of the searching techniques available. Reviews the Web sites available for monitoring legal developments, including: Legal Practice Newsletter; CyberNews; CyberSpace Law Center; CyberSpace Statutes; and online periodicals (Cornell's Journal of Online Law, CyberSpace Law Bibliography). Concludes with a review of sources of information on the legal aspects of electronic commerce, including copyright and intellectual property, and the legal impacts of the Internet
    Source
    Business information review. 14(1997) no.4, S.191-195
  14. cis: Nationalbibliothek will das deutsche Internet kopieren (2008) 0.01 
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    Content
    "Ab heute müsste kopiert und abgespeichert werden - eigentlich. Fast jede Webseite, samt Bildern, Texten und sogar Audiodateien soll die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek archivieren, im Auftrag der Bundesregierung. Das Kopieren und Abspeichern sollen die Bundes-Bibliothekare aber nicht übernehmen. Das sollen die Seitenbetreiber machen. Am Donnerstag wurde die Verordnung über die Pflichtablieferung von Medienwerken an die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek im Bundesgesetzblatt veröffentlicht - damit ist sie rechtskräftig. Auf den Seiten der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek ist auch nachzulesen, was da von nun an alles gesammelt werden soll: "Alle Darstellungen in Schrift, Bild und Ton, die in öffentlichen Netzen zugänglich gemacht werden." Mit anderen Worten: Die Nationalbibliothek möchte in regelmäßigen Abständen vollständige Kopien des deutschen Internets bekommen, einschließlich multimedialer Elemente. Ausgenommen sind lediglich "zeitlich begrenzte Vorabveröffentlichungen, reine Software- oder Anwendungstools und auch Fernseh- und Hörfunkproduktionen" Der Branchenverband Bitkom hatte schon im vergangenen Jahr gegen das Gesetz protestiert, der Widerstand verpuffte jedoch ohne Konsequenz. Deutsche Firmen werde die tatsächliche Umsetzung der Regelung 115 Millionen Euro jährlich kosten, schätzte der Verband damals. Was an Kosten auf den Steuerzahler zukommt, ist noch vollkommen unklar. Die Regelung ist das Ergebnis eines Gesetzes, das schon aus dem Jahr 2006 stammt: Dem Gesetz über die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek ( DNBG). Jetzt ist das Gesetz samt erklärender Verordnung da - aber wie das alles genau funktionieren soll, wer die riesigen Mengen Speicherplatz zur Verfügung stehen wird, das scheint noch niemand so recht zu wissen.
    Date
    24.10.2008 14:19:22
    Footnote
    Vgl. unter: http://www.spiegel.de/netzwelt/web/0,1518,586036,00.html.
    Source
    Spiegel online, vom 23.10.2008
  15. Yu, H.: Web accessibility and the law : recommendations for implementation (2002) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The proliferation of information in electronic format does not guarantee its accessibility. The fact that many Web sites are not accessible to large segments of the disabled community has created a "digital divide". The accessibility barriers are systemic. In recent years, there has been a growing body of significant laws and standards concerning Web accessibility that impact people with disabilities. Ways of breaking down these barriers to a fuller accessibility implementation do exist, including education to raise awareness of Web accessibility, nationwide policy and guidelines for accessibility, and Web-based applications and tools to facilitate Web accessibility, to name a few.
    Content
    Part of a Special Issue: Accessibility of web-based information resources for people with disabilities: part 2. Vgl. auch unter: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/10.1108/07378830210452613.
  16. Noble, S.: Web access and the law : a public policy framework (2002) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    This article details the public policy framework that establishes the legal foundation for requiring access to Web-based information resources for people with disabilities. Particular areas of focus include: the application of the fair use doctrine to an understanding of disability access to digital information; the application of the Americans with Disabilities Act and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act to Web-based services; and the application of Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act to Federal Web-based resources and the extent to which Section 508 may be applicable to states through linkage under the Assistive Technology Act.
    Content
    Part of a Special Issue: Accessibility of web-based information resources for people with disabilities: part 2. Vgl. auch unter: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/10.1108/07378830210452604.
  17. Lischka, K.: US-Richter misstrauen Internet-Filtern : Jugendschutz contra freie Meinungsäußerung: In Amerika entscheidet wieder mal die Justiz über staatliche Vorgaben (2002) 0.01 
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    Content
    "Was haben die finnische Botschaft in Rumänien, eine dänische Organisation gegen die Todesstrafe in den USA und die schottische Zeitung 'Aberdeen Independent" gemeinsam? Ihre Internet-Seiten gefährden jugendliche Nutzer mit pornografishen Inhalten. So sieht es zumindest das Filterprogramm "N2H2 Internet Filtering 2.0". Diese und 6.774 weitere zu Unrecht blockierte Seiten präsentiert die "American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)" als Beweis in einem Prozess um den sog. Children's Internet Protection Act (CIPA). Verhandelt wird dabei eine Frage von internationaler Bedeutung: Ab wann gefährdet Jugendschutz im Internet die freie Meinungsäußerung? In Deutschland rückt die Filter-Problematik ins öffentliche Bewusstsein, seit die Düsseldorfer Bezirksregierung von Zugangs-Providern eine Blockade bestimmter Internet-Seiten fordert (siehe Netzwerk-Seite vom 12. März) - und dagegen Protest laut wird, wie am Wochenende mit einer Demonstration in der nordrheinwestfälischen Landeshauptstadt. ln den Vereinigten Staaten befassen sich Bürgerrechtsgruppen und Gerichte bereits seit Mitte der neunziger Jahre mit Online-Filtern. Zwei Gesetze, die Minderjährige vor Pornografie im Netz schützen sollten, haben US-Gerichte bereits für verfassungswidrig erklärt beziehungsweise wegen Verfassungsbedenken vorerst gestoppt: 1996 den "Connmunications Decency Act" und 1998 den "Child Online Protection Ast". ln beiden Fällen war das wesentliche Argument gegen Zwangsfilterung die lneffektivität der Programme. Da auch Internetseiten über Empfängnisverhütung, Aids, die Diskriminierung Homosexueller oder gar die Cartoonfigur Snoopy gesperrt wurden, sahen die Gerichte die vom ersten Verfassungszusatz garantierte Meinungsfreiheit gefährdet. Es scheint wahrscheinlich, dass deshalb auch der jetzt verhandelte "Children's Internet Protestion Act" keinen Bestand haben wird. Das lassen die Äußerungen der Richter während der Verhandlung erwarten. Ihr Urteil werden sie Anfang Mai verkünden. Anders als die beiden früheren Gesetze gehört der CIPA nicht zum Strafrecht. Das Gesetz sieht vor, dass vom Jahr 2003 an Bibliotheken nur dann mit Bundesgeld unterstützt werden, wenn sie minderjährige Surfer von jugendgefährdenden Seiten fern halten. Ob das allerdings möglich ist, zweifelt Harvey Bartle, einer der drei Richter, an: "Ich denke, jedermann würde mir zustimmen, dass wir wahrscheinlich nicht hier sitzen würden, wenn es eine Technologie gäbe, die einfach Obszönitäten, Kinderpornografie und jugendgefährdende Inhalte ausschließen könnte." Solche Filter existieren nicht. Arbeiten die Programme mit von Menschen erstellten Listen, blockieren sie nicht einmal annähernd genügend Seiten. Allerdings kann man gute Entscheidungen erwarten. Denn Menschen verstehen anders als Computer, dass Aufklärungsangebote über Empfängnisverhütung durchaus für Minderjährige zugänglich sein sollten. Freilich sind schon solche Einsätzungen in den Vereinigten Staaten umstritten, wo es unterschiedliche Ansichten etwa über die Zulässigkeit von vorehelichem Sex gibt: Gerade deshalb ist das Schwelgen der meisten Hersteller von Filtersoftware übenden Inhalt ihrer Listen, deren Zustandekommen und die zu Grunde liegenden Wertvorstellungen beängstigend. Richter Bartle fragte einen als Zeugen geladenen Bibliothekar, der Filterprogramme einsetzt: "Sie delegieren die Verantwortung an ein außenstehendes Unternehmen? Wie kontrollieren sie, was der Hersteller der Filtersoftware tut?" Andere Filter arbeiten mit automatischer Texterkennnng. Die genaue Arbeitsweise halten die Produzenten geheim, allerdings dürfte die Suche nach Reizworten dabei eine bedeutende Rollenspielen. Damit ist wohl zu erklären, dass das Programm Cyberpatrol die Internet-Seite zum Buch "Peepshow: Media and Politics in an Age of Scandal" vier angesehener Publizisten blockiert hat. Der Sprachwissenschaftler Geoffrey Nunberg sagte vor Gerietet, eine präzise Analyse des Sinnzusammenhangs liege "weit jenseits der Möglichkeiten heutiger Technologie".
    Bei der Entscheidung des Gerichts dürfte es kaum bedeutend sein, wie hoch der Anteil zu Unrecht blockierter Seiten ist. Als der Anwalt des Justizministeriums vor Gericht argumentierte, der liege bei nur sechs Prozent, entgegnete der vorsit-zende Richter Edward Becker: "Und wie hoch ist der absolute Anteil geschützter freier Meinungsäußerung in diesen sechs Prozent? Wir reden hier über vielleicht Zehntausende von Seiten." Auf die Entscheidung des Gerichts - es ist im Gesetz als erste Instanz für juristische Auseinandersetzungen vorgesehen - wird in jedem Fall eine Berufung vor dem Obersten Gerichtshof folgen. Die haben sowohl die ACLU als auch das Justizministerium angekündigt. Ob das Gesetz für verfassungswidrig erklärt wird, ist weniger sicher wie bei den zwei Vorgängern, da es den Einsatz von Filterprogrammen nicht zwingend vorschreibt, sondern lediglich zur Voraussetzung für finanzielle Unterstützung macht. Auf das Geld sind allerdings viele der 40 000 US-Bibliotheken angewiesen. Die Entscheidung, ob der CIPA mit der US-Verfassung zu vereinbaren ist, wird jedoch die zentrale Frage nicht beantworten: Wie kann Jugendschutz im Internet garantiert werden, ohne in Zensur umzuschlagen? Zahlreiche Lösungsvorschläge hat schon vor zwei Jahren die vom USKongress berufene COPA-Rommission gemacht. In ihrem Bericht sind Filterprogramme lediglich ein - keineswegs zentrales - Instrument. Die Information der Eltern sollte an erster, Stelle stehen, da keine Technologie perfekt ist. Wenn Eltern sich nicht mit den Interessen und Internet-Sitzungen ihrer Rinder beschäftigen, nützen Filterprogramme wenig. Die Kommission schlug auch zahlreiche technische Lösungen vor: Ein Selbstklassifizierungssystem für Anbieter von Internet-Inhalten beispielsweise, die Einfüh-rung neuer Top-Level-Domains wie .xxx und .kids, die Verbreitung von Verfahren zur Altersprüfung, die Schaffung von Kommissionen, die Inhalte empfehlen und damit so genannte Greenspaces für Kinder schaffen. Seit Jahren stehen diese Ideen im Raum. Statt sie zu diskutieren, wähnt . man sich - nicht nur in den Vereinigten Staaten - in der falschen Sicherheit der Filterprogramme."
  18. Grötschel, M.: Copyright und elektronisches Publizieren : Auf dem Weg zu vernüftigen Regelungen? (2001) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Das Committee on Electronic Information and Communication (CEIC) der International Mathematical Union (IMU) hat die Aufgabe, sich über die langfristige Informationsversorgung in der Mathematik Gedanken zu machen und Lösungsvorschläge hierfür zu erarbeiten. Das Kernthema ist natürlich "Elektronisches Publizieren". Dazu gehören auch Copyright-Regelungen. Mit diesem Artikel beginnt eine kleine Serie von Aufsätzen, in denen ich (in meiner Funktion als eines von elf CEIC-Mitgliedern) die Empfehlungen des CEIC erläutern werde
    Theme
    Elektronisches Publizieren
  19. Kavcic-Colic, A.: Archiving the Web : some legal aspects (2003) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Technological developments have changed the concepts of publication, reproduction and distribution. However, legislation, and in particular the Legal Deposit Law has not adjusted to these changes - it is very restrictive in the sense of protecting the rights of authors of electronic publications. National libraries and national archival institutions, being aware of their important role in preserving the written and spoken cultural heritage, try to find different legal ways to live up to these responsibilities. This paper presents some legal aspects of archiving Web pages, examines the harvesting of Web pages, provision of public access to pages, and their long-term preservation.
    Date
    10.12.2005 11:22:13
  20. Rees, J.: Information access versus document supply : the international visual arts information network project (1994) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Image content opens up exciting possibilities for stand-alone media, distributed networks, online networks, and on-site publishing from information systems for use by the general public, for research, collection management, education and distance learning. These developments coincide and overlap with widespread new questioning and thinking as to the role of museums in relation to their diverse publics and also may have many parallels in the library world. They raise difficult questions about intellectual propriety rights - copyright protection, fair renumeration and complex questions concerning moral rights. Clearly international cooperation, working partnerships and consortia are going to gain further importance and significance
    Source
    Interlending and document supply. 22(1994) no.1, S.20-24

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