-
Zeng, Q.; Yu, M.; Yu, W.; Xiong, J.; Shi, Y.; Jiang, M.: Faceted hierarchy : a new graph type to organize scientific concepts and a construction method (2019)
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- Abstract
- On a scientific concept hierarchy, a parent concept may have a few attributes, each of which has multiple values being a group of child concepts. We call these attributes facets: classification has a few facets such as application (e.g., face recognition), model (e.g., svm, knn), and metric (e.g., precision). In this work, we aim at building faceted concept hierarchies from scientific literature. Hierarchy construction methods heavily rely on hypernym detection, however, the faceted relations are parent-to-child links but the hypernym relation is a multi-hop, i.e., ancestor-to-descendent link with a specific facet "type-of". We use information extraction techniques to find synonyms, sibling concepts, and ancestor-descendent relations from a data science corpus. And we propose a hierarchy growth algorithm to infer the parent-child links from the three types of relationships. It resolves conflicts by maintaining the acyclic structure of a hierarchy.
- Content
- Vgl.: https%3A%2F%2Faclanthology.org%2FD19-5317.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0ZZFyq5wWTtNTvNkrvjlGA.
- Pages
- S.140-150
-
Xiong, C.: Knowledge based text representations for information retrieval (2016)
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- Abstract
- The successes of information retrieval (IR) in recent decades were built upon bag-of-words representations. Effective as it is, bag-of-words is only a shallow text understanding; there is a limited amount of information for document ranking in the word space. This dissertation goes beyond words and builds knowledge based text representations, which embed the external and carefully curated information from knowledge bases, and provide richer and structured evidence for more advanced information retrieval systems. This thesis research first builds query representations with entities associated with the query. Entities' descriptions are used by query expansion techniques that enrich the query with explanation terms. Then we present a general framework that represents a query with entities that appear in the query, are retrieved by the query, or frequently show up in the top retrieved documents. A latent space model is developed to jointly learn the connections from query to entities and the ranking of documents, modeling the external evidence from knowledge bases and internal ranking features cooperatively. To further improve the quality of relevant entities, a defining factor of our query representations, we introduce learning to rank to entity search and retrieve better entities from knowledge bases. In the document representation part, this thesis research also moves one step forward with a bag-of-entities model, in which documents are represented by their automatic entity annotations, and the ranking is performed in the entity space.
- Content
- Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Language and Information Technologies. Vgl.: https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cs.cmu.edu%2F~cx%2Fpapers%2Fknowledge_based_text_representation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0SaTSvhWLTh__Uz_HtOtl3.
- Pages
- iii, 82 S
-
Stojanovic, N.: Ontology-based Information Retrieval : methods and tools for cooperative query answering (2005)
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- Abstract
- By the explosion of possibilities for a ubiquitous content production, the information overload problem reaches the level of complexity which cannot be managed by traditional modelling approaches anymore. Due to their pure syntactical nature traditional information retrieval approaches did not succeed in treating content itself (i.e. its meaning, and not its representation). This leads to a very low usefulness of the results of a retrieval process for a user's task at hand. In the last ten years ontologies have been emerged from an interesting conceptualisation paradigm to a very promising (semantic) modelling technology, especially in the context of the Semantic Web. From the information retrieval point of view, ontologies enable a machine-understandable form of content description, such that the retrieval process can be driven by the meaning of the content. However, the very ambiguous nature of the retrieval process in which a user, due to the unfamiliarity with the underlying repository and/or query syntax, just approximates his information need in a query, implies a necessity to include the user in the retrieval process more actively in order to close the gap between the meaning of the content and the meaning of a user's query (i.e. his information need). This thesis lays foundation for such an ontology-based interactive retrieval process, in which the retrieval system interacts with a user in order to conceptually interpret the meaning of his query, whereas the underlying domain ontology drives the conceptualisation process. In that way the retrieval process evolves from a query evaluation process into a highly interactive cooperation between a user and the retrieval system, in which the system tries to anticipate the user's information need and to deliver the relevant content proactively. Moreover, the notion of content relevance for a user's query evolves from a content dependent artefact to the multidimensional context-dependent structure, strongly influenced by the user's preferences. This cooperation process is realized as the so-called Librarian Agent Query Refinement Process. In order to clarify the impact of an ontology on the retrieval process (regarding its complexity and quality), a set of methods and tools for different levels of content and query formalisation is developed, ranging from pure ontology-based inferencing to keyword-based querying in which semantics automatically emerges from the results. Our evaluation studies have shown that the possibilities to conceptualize a user's information need in the right manner and to interpret the retrieval results accordingly are key issues for realizing much more meaningful information retrieval systems.
- Content
- Vgl.: http%3A%2F%2Fdigbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de%2Fvolltexte%2Fdocuments%2F1627&ei=tAtYUYrBNoHKtQb3l4GYBw&usg=AFQjCNHeaxKkKU3-u54LWxMNYGXaaDLCGw&sig2=8WykXWQoDKjDSdGtAakH2Q&bvm=bv.44442042,d.Yms.
- Pages
- 249 S
-
Weller, K.: Anforderungen an die Wissensrepräsentation im Social Semantic Web (2010)
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- Abstract
- Dieser Artikel gibt einen Einblick in die aktuelle Verschmelzung von Web 2.0-und Semantic Web-Ansätzen, die als Social Semantic Web beschrieben werden kann. Die Grundidee des Social Semantic Web wird beschrieben und einzelne erste Anwendungsbeispiele vorgestellt. Ein wesentlicher Schwerpunkt dieser Entwicklung besteht in der Umsetzung neuer Methoden und Herangehensweisen im Bereich der Wissensrepräsentation. Dieser Artikel stellt vier Schwerpunkte vor, in denen sich die Wissensrepräsentationsmethoden im Social Semantic Web weiterentwickeln müssen und geht dabei jeweils auf den aktuellen Stand ein.
- Pages
- S.33-44
- Series
- Tagungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Informationswissenschaft und Informationspraxis ; Bd. 14) (DGI-Konferenz ; 1
- Source
- Semantic web & linked data: Elemente zukünftiger Informationsinfrastrukturen ; 1. DGI-Konferenz ; 62. Jahrestagung der DGI ; Frankfurt am Main, 7. - 9. Oktober 2010 ; Proceedings / Deutsche Gesellschaft für Informationswissenschaft und Informationspraxis. Hrsg.: M. Ockenfeld
-
Boteram, F.: Semantische Relationen in Dokumentationssprachen : vom Thesaurus zum semantischen Netz (2008)
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- Abstract
- Moderne Verfahren des Information Retrieval verlangen nach aussagekräftigen und detailliert relationierten Dokumentationssprachen. Der selektive Transfer einzelner Modellierungsstrategien aus dem Bereich semantischer Technologien für die Gestaltung und Relationierung bestehender Dokumentationssprachen wird diskutiert. Am Beispiel des Gegenstandsbereichs "Theater" der Schlagwortnormdatei wird ein hierarchisch strukturiertes Relationeninventar definiert, welches sowohl hinreichend allgemeine als auch zahlreiche spezifische Relationstypen enthält, welche eine detaillierte und damit funktionale Relationierung des Vokabulars ermöglichen. Die Relationierung des Gegenstandsbereichs wird als Ontologie im OWL-Format modelliert. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Ansätzen und Überlegungen zur Schaffung von Relationeninventaren entwickelt der vorgestellte Vorschlag das Relationeninventar aus der Begriffsmenge eines vorgegebenen Gegenstandsbereichs heraus. Das entwickelte Inventar wird als eine hierarchisch strukturierte Taxonomie gestaltet, was einen Zugewinn an Übersichtlichkeit und Funktionalität bringt.
- Footnote
- Diplomarbeit im Studiengang Bibliothekswesen
- Imprint
- Köln : Fachhochschule, Institut für Informationswissenschaft
- Pages
- V, 107 S. + CD
- Theme
- Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus
-
Boteram, F.: Semantische Relationen in Dokumentationssprachen : vom Thesaurus zum semantischen Netz (2008)
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- Abstract
- Moderne Verfahren des Information Retrieval verlangen nach aussagekräftigen und detailliert relationierten Dokumentationssprachen. Der selektive Transfer einzelner Modellierungsstrategien aus dem Bereich semantischer Technologien für die Gestaltung und Relationierung bestehender Dokumentationssprachen wird diskutiert. Am Beispiel des Gegenstandsbereichs "Theater" der Schlagwortnormdatei wird ein hierarchisch strukturiertes Relationeninventar definiert, welches sowohl hinreichend allgemeine als auch zahlreiche spezifische Relationstypen enthält, welche eine detaillierte und damit funktionale Relationierung des Vokabulars ermöglichen. Die Relationierung des Gegenstandsbereichs wird als Ontologie im OWL-Format modelliert. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Ansätzen und Überlegungen zur Schaffung von Relationeninventaren entwickelt der vorgestellte Vorschlag das Relationeninventar aus der Begriffsmenge eines vorgegebenen Gegenstandsbereichs heraus. Das entwickelte Inventar wird als eine hierarchisch strukturierte Taxonomie gestaltet, was einen Zugewinn an Übersichtlichkeit und Funktionalität bringt.
- Footnote
- Überarb. Version der Diplomarbeit im Studiengang Bibliothekswesen
- Imprint
- Köln : Fachhochschule, Fakultät für Informations- und Kommunikationswissenschaften, Institut für Informationswissenschaft
- Pages
- 94 S
- Series
- Kölner Arbeitspapiere zur Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft; Bd. 54
- Theme
- Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus
-
Dietiker, S.: Cognitive Map einer Bibliothek : eine Überprüfung der Methodentauglichkeit im Bereich Bibliothekswissenschaft - am Beispiel der Kantonsbibliothek Graubünden (2016)
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- Abstract
- Cognitive Maps sind mentale Karten, welche jeder Mensch besitzt. Es handelt sich dabei um eine Reflexion der jeweiligen Umwelt. Cognitive Mapping ist eine Methode, welche diese mentale Karte sichtbar macht. Aufgrund dieser Visualisierung können Erkenntnisse darüber gewonnen werden, was Menschen an einem Ort oder in einem Raum tun und wahrnehmen. Die Methode hat verschiede Anwendungstechniken, welche sich in sechs Kategorien teilen: Aufgabenlösung, Elemente orten, Sketch Map erstellen, Zonen und Gebiete einzeichnen, Weg- und Ortsbeschreibung sowie Kognitive Befragung. Anhand dieser lassen sich Untersuchungen beliebig kombinieren. Die Anwendung von Cognitive Mapping sowie eine einfache Befragung in der Kantonsbibliothek Graubünden hat ergeben, dass die Methode für Bibliotheken sinnvoll ist. Allerdings sollte bei zukünftigen Anwendungen die Punkte Gesamtaufwand, Untersuchungsaufbau, Teilnehmer-Zusammensetzung und Auswertungs-Aufwand angepasst werden.
- Content
- Diese Publikation entstand im Rahmen einer Thesis zum Bachelor of Science FHO in Information Science. Vgl. unter: http://www.htwchur.ch/uploads/media/CSI_78_Dietiker.pdf.
"Das Thema 'Cognitive Map einer Bibliothek' hat mich von Beginn an interessiert. Methoden anwenden, um den Bedürfnissen der Nutzer zu entsprechen, ist für Bibliotheken eine Möglichkeit sich auch in Zukunft als Wissensplatz zu positionieren. Das Spannende an dieser Arbeit war, sich zunächst in den vielen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der Methode zurechtzufinden, einige davon auszuprobieren und schlussendlich herauszufinden, ob die Methode als sinnvoll für Bibliotheken bezeichnet werden kann."
- Pages
- 108 S
- Series
- Churer Schriften zur Informationswissenschaft / Arbeitsbereich Informationswissenschaft; Schrift 78
-
Weiermann, S.L.: Semantische Netze und Begriffsdeskription in der Wissensrepräsentation (2000)
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- BK
- 18.00 Einzelne Sprachen und Literaturen allgemein
- Classification
- 18.00 Einzelne Sprachen und Literaturen allgemein
- Content
- Inhalt (in Kürze): Einleitung. Wissensrepräsentation. Semantische Netze. Wissensrepräsentationssysteme. Empirische Analyse und Systemerweiterungen.
- Pages
- III, 240 S
- Theme
- Semantisches Umfeld in Indexierung u. Retrieval
-
Becker, H.-G.: MODS2FRBRoo : Ein Tool zur Anbindung von bibliografischen Daten an eine Ontologie für Begriffe und Informationen (2010)
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- Abstract
- Es wird ein Verfahren vorgestellt, mit dem bereits existierende bibliografische Daten in die CIDOC CRM/FRBRoo-Umgebung übertragen werden können. Es handelt sich dabei um einen mehrstufigen XSLT-Prozess, der im MODS-Format vorliegende bibliografische Daten in ein FRBRoo-konformes RDF umwandelt. Dazu werden die unterschiedlichen Publikationstypen in FRBRoo identifiziert und modelliert. Für die Abbildung der einzelnen bibliografischen Kategorien aus dem verwendeten Austauschformat auf die FRBRoo-Klassen wird auf Konzepte von RDA zurückgegriffen.
- Pages
- S.77-86
- Series
- Tagungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Informationswissenschaft und Informationspraxis ; Bd. 14) (DGI-Konferenz ; 1
- Source
- Semantic web & linked data: Elemente zukünftiger Informationsinfrastrukturen ; 1. DGI-Konferenz ; 62. Jahrestagung der DGI ; Frankfurt am Main, 7. - 9. Oktober 2010 ; Proceedings / Deutsche Gesellschaft für Informationswissenschaft und Informationspraxis. Hrsg.: M. Ockenfeld
-
Müller, T.: Wissensrepräsentation mit semantischen Netzen im Bereich Luftfahrt (2006)
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- Abstract
- Es ist ein semantisches Netz für den Gegenstandsbereich Luftfahrt modelliert worden, welches Unternehmensinformationen, Organisationen, Fluglinien, Flughäfen, etc. enthält, Diese sind 10 Hauptkategorien zugeordnet worden, die untergliedert nach Facetten sind. Die Begriffe des Gegenstandsbereiches sind mit 23 unterschiedlichen Relationen verknüpft worden (Z. B.: 'hat Standort in', bietet an, 'ist Homebase von', etc). Der Schwerpunkt der Betrachtung liegt auf dem Unterschied zwischen den drei klassischen Standardrelationen und den zusätzlich eingerichteten Relationen, bezüglich ihrem Nutzen für ein effizientes Retrieval. Die angelegten Kategorien und Relationen sind sowohl für eine kognitive als auch für eine maschinelle Verarbeitung geeignet.
Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, ein Modell für ein Informationssystems zu erstellen und die Voraussetzungen und Aspekte zu betrachten, die notwendig sind, um Einsichten in die begrifflichen Zusammenhänge des Gegenstandsbereiches Luftfahrt zu erlangen. Der Ansatz, der hier erläutert wird, plädiert für die Konstruktion einer begrifflichen Wissensstruktur in Form eines semantischen Netzes. Ausgangspunkt dieser Überlegungen ist die Auffassung, daß zwar das kontrollierte Vokabular eines Thesaurus mit seiner Verweisstruktur vielfältiges Wissen enthält, das aber aufgrund der drei klassischen Standardrelationen nur unzureichend repräsentiert und damit auch nur beschränkt zugänglich ist. Es wird erläutert, welche Vorteile eine Erweiterung der drei Thesaurusrelationen erbringen kann und in welcher Funktion die Relationen bei der Formulierung der Suchanfrage unterstützend sein können. Gezeigt wird, wie die Begriffstrukturen eines semantischen Netzes deutlicher hervortreten, wenn bei der Erstellung einer Wissensstruktur eines Gegenstandsbereiches Kategorien zugrunde gelegt werden und welche Gestaltungsprinzipien den Suchprozeß unterstützen können. Dazu werden die Voraussetzungen erörtert, die garantieren, daß komplexe Suchanfragen (erfolgreich) geleistet werden können und zu präzisen Treffermengen führen.
- Date
- 26. 9.2006 21:00:22
- Footnote
- Diplomarbeit im Studiengang Bibliothekswesen
- Imprint
- Köln : Fachhochschule, Institut für Informationswissenschaft
- Pages
- 73 S. + CD
- Theme
- Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus
-
Sigel, A.: Organisation verteilten Wissens mit semantischen Wissensnetzen und der Aggregation semantischer Wissensdienste am Beispiel Digitale Bibliotheken/Kulturelles Erbe (2006)
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- Abstract
- Der Beitrag berichtet über Grundideen in der Explorationsphase des Projektes kPeer (Knowledge Peers). Gegenstand ist die dezentrale Organisation, Integration und Aggregation von Wissen mit semantischen Wissenstechnologien in verteilten, heterogenen Umgebungen Dabei sollen Wissensarbeiter, die dezentral und voneinander unabhängig Wissen gemäß lokaler Schemata ausdrücken und organisieren, emergent zusammenwirken, so dass sich eine nützliche gemeinsame Wissensorganisation ergibt. Zudem sollen Aussagen zum selben Aussagegegenstand, die digitalisiert vorliegen, virtuell zusammengeführt werden, um so neue wissensintensive Produkte und Dienstleistungen zu ermöglichen. Als Inspirationsquelle für beabsichtigte Anwendungen im verteilten Wissensmanagement (DKM) und e-business werden Beispiele der Wissensintegration aus dem Bereich Digitale Bibliotheken und Kulturelles Erbe herangezogen.
- Pages
- S.276-292
- Series
- Fortschritte in der Wissensorganisation; Bd.9
- Source
- Wissensorganisation und Verantwortung: Gesellschaftliche, ökonomische und technische Aspekte. Proceedings der 9. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation Duisburg, 5.-7. November 2004. Hrsg. von H.P. Ohly u.a
-
Stock, W.G.: Wissensrepräsentation (2014)
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- Abstract
- Wissensrepräsentation thematisiert die Erstellung von Stellvertretern (Repräsentanten bzw. Surrogaten), die die Aboutness eines Dokuments abbilden. Man unterscheidet bei der Wissensrepräsentation zwischen Informationsfiltern (z.B. Wissensordnungen) und Methoden der Informationsverdichtung (z.B. Extracts oder Abstracts).
- Content
- Vgl.: http://www.phil-fak.uni-duesseldorf.de/fileadmin/Redaktion/Institute/Informationswissenschaft/heck/Lehre/Stock-Lexika-Eintrag_Wiss-Rep-01102014_.pdf.
- Imprint
- Stuttgart : Hiersemann
- Pages
- S.973-974
- Source
- Lexikon der Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft, Band 2, Lieferung 7
-
Öttl, S.; Streiff, D.; Stettler, N.; Studer, M.: Aufbau einer Testumgebung zur Ermittlung signifikanter Parameter bei der Ontologieabfrage (2010)
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- Abstract
- Der Einsatz von semantischen Technologien ist mittlerweile ein etabliertes Mittel zur Optimierung von Information-Retrieval-Systemen. Obwohl der Einsatz von Ontologien für verschiedene Anwendungsbereiche wie beispielsweise zur Query-Expansion (Bhogal et al. 2007), zur Strukturierung von Benutzeroberflächen bzw. zur Dialoggestaltung (z. B. Garcia & Sicilia 2003; Liu et al. 2005; Lopez et al. 2006; Paulheim 2009; Paulheim & Probst 2010), in Recommendersystemen (z. B. Taehee et al. 2006; Cantador et al. 2008; Middleton et al. 2001; Middleton et al. 2009) usw. rege erforscht wird, gibt es noch kaum Bestrebungen, die einzelnen Abfragemethodiken für Ontologien systematisch zu untersuchen. Bei der Abfrage von Ontologien geht es in erster Linie darum, Zusammenhänge zwischen Begriffen zu ermitteln, indem hierarchische (Classes und Individuals), semantische (Object Properties) und ergänzende (Datatype Properties) Beziehungen abgefragt oder logische Verknüpfungen abgeleitet werden. Hierbei werden sogenannte Reasoner für die Ableitungen und als Abfragesprache SPARQL (seltener auch XPath) eingesetzt. Ein weiterer, weniger oft eingesetzter, vielversprechender Ansatz findet sich bei Hoser et al. (2006) und Weng & Chang (2008), die Techniken der Sozialen Netzwerkanalyse zur Auswertung von Ontologien miteinsetzen (Semantic Network Analysis). Um die Abfrage von Ontologien sowie Kombinationen der unterschiedlichen Abfragemöglichkeiten systematisch untersuchen zu können, wurde am SII eine entsprechende Testumgebung entwickelt, die in diesem Beitrag genauer vorgestellt werden soll.
- Pages
- S.21-32
- Series
- Tagungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Informationswissenschaft und Informationspraxis ; Bd. 14) (DGI-Konferenz ; 1
- Source
- Semantic web & linked data: Elemente zukünftiger Informationsinfrastrukturen ; 1. DGI-Konferenz ; 62. Jahrestagung der DGI ; Frankfurt am Main, 7. - 9. Oktober 2010 ; Proceedings / Deutsche Gesellschaft für Informationswissenschaft und Informationspraxis. Hrsg.: M. Ockenfeld
-
Semantic knowledge and semantic representations (1995)
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- BK
- 18.00 Einzelne Sprachen und Literaturen allgemein
- Classification
- 18.00 Einzelne Sprachen und Literaturen allgemein
- Content
- G. Gainotti, M.C. Silveri, A. Daniele, L. Giustolisi, Neuroanatomical Correlates of Category-specific Semantic Disorders: A Critical Survey. J. S. Snowden, H. L. Griffiths, D. Neary, Autobiographical Experience and Word Meaning. L. Cipolotti, E.K. Warrington, Towards a Unitary Account of Access Dysphasia: A Single Case Study. E. Forde, G.W. Humphreys, Refractory Semantics in Global Aphasia: On Semantic Organisation and the Access-Storage Distinction in Neuropsychology. A. E. Hillis, A. Caramazza, The Compositionality of Lexical Semantic Representations: Clues from Semantic Errors in Object Naming. H.E. Moss, L.K. Tyler, Investigating Semantic Memory Impairments: The Contribution of Semantic Priming. K.R. Laws, S.A. Humber, D.J.C. Ramsey, R.A. McCarthy, Probing Sensory and Associative Semantics for Animals and Objects in Normal Subjects. K.R. Laws, J.J. Evans, J. R. Hodges, R.A. McCarthy, Naming without Knowing and Appearance without Associations: Evidence for Constructive Processes in Semantic Memory? J. Powell, J. Davidoff, Selective Impairments of Object-knowledge in a Case of Acquired Cortical Blindness. J.R. Hodges, N. Graham, K. Patterson, Charting the Progression in Semantic Dementia: Implications for the Organisation of Semantic Memory. E. Funnell, Objects and Properties: A Study of the Breakdown of Semantic Memory. L.J. Tippett, S. McAuliffe, M. J. Farrar, Preservation of Categorical Knowledge in Alzheimer's Disease: A Computational Account. G. W. Humphreys, C. Lamote, T.J. Lloyd-Jones, An Interactive Activation Approach to Object Processing: Effects of Structural Similarity, Name Frequency, and Task in Normality and Pathology.
- Pages
- IV S., S. 226-596
- Type
- s
-
Beßler, S.: Wissensrepräsentation musealer Bestände mittels semantischer Netze : Analyse und Annotation eines Teilbestands des Haus der Geschichte der BRD in Bonn (2010)
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- Abstract
- Semantische Netze unterstützen den Suchvorgang im Information Retrieval. Über ihre vielfältigen Relationen und Inferenzen unterstützen sie den Anwender und helfen Daten im Kontext zu präsentieren und zu erfassen. Die Relationen ermöglichen Suchanfragen die große Treffermengen produzieren zu verfeinern und so Treffermengen zu erreichen die möglichst genau das enthalten was gesucht wurde. Es wird, anhand eines Ausschnitts des Datenbestands des Haus der Geschichte der Bundesrepublik Deutschland in Bonn, aufgezeigt wie bestehende Datenbestände in semantische Netze überführt werden können und wie diese anschließend für das Retrieval eingesetzt werden können. Für die Modellierung des semantischen Netz wird die Open Source Software Protégé in den Versionen 3.4.4. und 4.1_beta eingesetzt, die Möglichkeiten des Retrieval werden anhand der Abfragesprachen DL Query und SPARQL sowie anhand der Software Ontology Browser und OntoGraf erläutert.
- Content
- Diplomarbeit im Studiengang Bibliothekswesen
- Imprint
- Köln : Fachhochschule / Fakultät für Informations- und Kommunikationswissenschaften
- Pages
- X, 54 S
-
Panyr, J.: Thesauri, Semantische Netze, Frames, Topic Maps, Taxonomien, Ontologien - begriffliche Verwirrung oder konzeptionelle Vielfalt? (2006)
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- Abstract
- Mit der Verbreitung des Internets und insbesondere mit der Einführung des Begriffes Semantic Web wurde eine Reihe von neuen Begriffen (Termini) für nicht immer neue Entwicklungen eingeführt, ohne dass die bisherige Begriffsbildung bzw. die schon angewandten Lösungen in benachbarten Fachgebieten hinreichend berücksichtigt wurden. Dabei wird manchmal der Eindruck erweckt, dass die populären Anwendungszweige der Informatik (oder auch der Informationswissenschaft) hauptsächlich durch wirksame Schlagworte gesteuert werden. Im deutschsprachigen Raum kommt auch noch die oftmals (vermeintlich) werbewirksame Verwendung der nicht übersetzten englischen Ausdrücke im Original oder als eingedeutschter Termini. Letzteres führt dabei nicht selten zur semantischen Verschiebungen der Bedeutung der ursprünglichen Begriffe. So z.B. wird das englische Wort concept (entspricht dem deutschen Wort Begriff) mit allen seinen Ableitungen (wie z.B. conceptualization - Verbegrifflichung, conceptual - begrifflich) in der eingedeutschten unübersetzten Form fälschlich verwendet, ohne dass diese Wortschöpfungen dabei näher erläutert werden. Es wird dadurch der Eindruck erweckt, dass etwas inhaltlich Neues eingeführt wird. Häufig werden diese Begriffe auch nebeneinander verwendet, wie z.B. in der Definition von Ontologie in der Internet-Enzyklopädie Wikipedia " ... System von Begriffen und/oder Konzepten und Relationen zwischen diesen Begriffen". In den zahlreichen Studien über die Ontologie wird auf die Möglichkeit ähnlicher Verwendung von Thesauri nicht eingegangen, sie existieren im Kontext der Veröffentlichung überhaupt nicht (vgl. z.B. die Studie von Smith (2003), die jedoch mit Bezug zu Philosophie gerade zu überfrachtet wird). In der folgenden Arbeit werden verwandte Repräsentationsarten, wie z.B. Thesaurus, semantisches Netz, Frames, Themenkarten (Topic Maps) und Ontologie definiert. Die Gemeinsamkeiten dieser Repräsentationsformen werden dabei im Vordergrund stehen. Die in der Literatur häufig betonten Unterschiede sind manchmal aus der Unkenntnis der theoretischen Basis dieser Ansätze abzuleiten. Eine Koexistenz jeweiliger Repräsentation ist vonnöten. Im Vordergrund des Aufsatzes steht die mögliche Wechselwirkung zwischen Ontologien und Thesauri.
- Pages
- S.139-151
- Source
- Information und Sprache: Beiträge zu Informationswissenschaft, Computerlinguistik, Bibliothekswesen und verwandten Fächern. Festschrift für Harald H. Zimmermann. Herausgegeben von Ilse Harms, Heinz-Dirk Luckhardt und Hans W. Giessen
-
Brumm, A.: Modellierung eines Informationssystems zum Bühnentanz als semantisches Wiki (2010)
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- Abstract
- Es wurde ein Informationssystem zum Bühnentanz modelliert, das der Informierung über konkrete Individuen des Gegenstandsbereichs (insbesondere choreographische Werke und Personen) dienen soll. Dabei wurde auch insbesondere das Ziel verfolgt, Beziehungen zwischen Werken, Personen, Organisationen etc. aufzuzeigen und abfragbar zu machen. Konzipiert wurde das Informationssystem als semantisches Wiki. Neben der Entwicklung eines Inventars an Kategorien und Attributen wurde anhand konkreter Beispiele gezeigt, wie Informationen in einem semantischen Wiki sowohl maschinenverständlich erfasst, als auch dem Benutzer anschaulich präsentiert werden können. Denkbar wäre ein Einsatzbereich des im Grunde eigenständigen Informationssystems auch im Bereich der Erschließung von Tanzsammlungen.
- Content
- Bachelorarbeit im Studiengang Bibliothekswesen
- Imprint
- Köln : Fachhochschule / Fakultät für Informations- und Kommunikationswissenschaften
- Pages
- 75 S
-
Becker, H.-G.; Förster, F.: Vernetztes Wissen : Ereignisse in der bibliografischen Dokumentation (2010)
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- Abstract
- Innerhalb der Gedächtnisinstitutionen Bibliothek, Museum und Archiv gibt es je eigene Beschreibungsmodelle der beherbergten Objekte und Materialien. Für eine genauere bibliografische Erschließung wurde im Bibliotheksbereich das von Benutzerbedürfnissen ausgehende, statische Modell "Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records" (FRBR) geschaffen, dessen ungenauer »Werk«-Begriff ebenso thematisiert wird wie die schwer zu realisierende Übertragbarkeit des Modells auf Nicht-Buchmaterialien. Die Museumswelt orientiert die Darstellung ihrer Bestände am CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (CRM), das sich hinsichtlich der Beschreibung heterogener Museumsobjekte, also Artefakten künstlerischer und intellektueller Gestaltung, als hilfreich erwiesen hat. In gegenseitigem Austausch zwischen IFLA und ICOM wurde FRBR mit CRM harmonisiert. Das Ergebnis, FRBRoo (objektorientiertes FRBR), zeigt seine Vorzüge zum einen in einer strengeren Interpretation der Entitäten der Gruppe 1 des FRBR-Modells und zum anderen in einer genaueren Abbildung von Prozessen bzw. Ereignissen. Beispiele zum Anwendungsbezug von FRBRoo zeigen dessen Zugewinn für die wissenschaftliche Erschließung hand-, druck- und online-schriftlicher Quellen, Werken der Darstellenden Kunst, Landkarten und Musikalien innerhalb einer CRM-basierten Datenbank.
- Source
- Zeitschrift für Bibliothekswesen und Bibliographie. 57(2010) H.1, S.15-25
-
Ghosh, S.; Panigrahi, P.: Use of Ranganathan's analytico-synthetic approach in developing a domain ontology in library and information science (2015)
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- Abstract
- Classification is the basis of knowledge organization. Ontology, a comparatively new concept used as a tool for knowledge organization, establishes connections between terms and concepts enhancing the scope and usefulness of library classification. Ranganathan had invented the strong theory of the analytico-synthetic method in classification and devised Colon Classification. In this study a domain ontology on library and information science has been developed by implementing Raganathan's faceted approach of classification. The hierarchical relationships among terms have been established primarily keeping conformity with that of Ranganathan's Colon Classification (7th edition). But to accommodate new vocabularies, DDC 23rd edition and UDC Standard edition are consulted. The Protégé ontology editor has been used. The study carefully examines the steps in which the analytico-synthetic method have been followed. Ranganathan's Canon of Characteristics and its relevant Canons have been followed for defining the class-subclass hierarchy. It concludes by identifying the drawbacks as well as the merits faced while developing the ontology. This paper proves the relevance and importance of Ranganathan's philosophy in developing ontology based knowledge organization.
- Field
- Bibliothekswesen
Informationswissenschaft
- Footnote
- Beitrag in einem Themenheft zu Leben und Werk von S.R. Ranganathan.
- Source
- Annals of library and information studies. 62(2015) no.4, S.274-280
-
Stuckenschmidt, H.; Harmelen, F. van: Information sharing on the semantic web (2005)
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- Abstract
- Das wachsende Informationsvolumen im WWW führt paradoxerweise zu einer immer schwierigeren Nutzung, das Finden und Verknüpfen von Informationen in einem unstrukturierten Umfeld wird zur Sisyphosarbeit. Hier versprechen Semantic-Web-Ansätze Abhilfe. Die Autoren beschreiben Technologien, wie eine semantische Integration verteilter Daten durch verteilte Ontologien erreicht werden kann. Diese Techniken sind sowohl für Forscher als auch für Professionals interessant, die z.B. die Integration von Produktdaten aus verteilten Datenbanken im WWW oder von lose miteinander verbunden Anwendungen in verteilten Organisationen implementieren sollen.
- Classification
- ST 515 Informatik / Monographien / Einzelne Anwendungen der Datenverarbeitung / Wirtschaftsinformatik / Wissensmanagement, Information engineering
- Pages
- XIX, 276 S
- RVK
- ST 515 Informatik / Monographien / Einzelne Anwendungen der Datenverarbeitung / Wirtschaftsinformatik / Wissensmanagement, Information engineering
