Search (538 results, page 1 of 27)

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Abstract

Vorgestellt wird die Konstruktion eines thematisch geordneten Thesaurus auf Basis der Sachschlagwörter der Gemeinsamen Normdatei (GND) unter Nutzung der darin enthaltenen DDC-Notationen. Oberste Ordnungsebene dieses Thesaurus werden die DDC-Sachgruppen der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek. Die Konstruktion des Thesaurus erfolgt regelbasiert unter der Nutzung von Linked Data Prinzipien in einem SPARQL Prozessor. Der Thesaurus dient der automatisierten Gewinnung von Metadaten aus wissenschaftlichen Publikationen mittels eines computerlinguistischen Extraktors. Hierzu werden digitale Volltexte verarbeitet. Dieser ermittelt die gefundenen Schlagwörter über Vergleich der Zeichenfolgen Benennungen im Thesaurus, ordnet die Treffer nach Relevanz im Text und gibt die zugeordne-ten Sachgruppen rangordnend zurück. Die grundlegende Annahme dabei ist, dass die gesuchte Sachgruppe unter den oberen Rängen zurückgegeben wird. In einem dreistufigen Verfahren wird die Leistungsfähigkeit des Verfahrens validiert. Hierzu wird zunächst anhand von Metadaten und Erkenntnissen einer Kurzautopsie ein Goldstandard aus Dokumenten erstellt, die im Online-Katalog der DNB abrufbar sind. Die Dokumente vertei-len sich über 14 der Sachgruppen mit einer Losgröße von jeweils 50 Dokumenten. Sämtliche Dokumente werden mit dem Extraktor erschlossen und die Ergebnisse der Kategorisierung do-kumentiert. Schließlich wird die sich daraus ergebende Retrievalleistung sowohl für eine harte (binäre) Kategorisierung als auch eine rangordnende Rückgabe der Sachgruppen beurteilt.

Content

Master thesis Master of Science (Library and Information Studies) (MSc), Universität Wien. Advisor: Christoph Steiner. Vgl.: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371680244_Vergabe_von_DDC-Sachgruppen_mittels_eines_Schlagwort-Thesaurus. DOI: 10.25365/thesis.70030. Vgl. dazu die Präsentation unter: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=0CAIQw7AJahcKEwjwoZzzytz_AhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQAg&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.dnb.de%2Fdownload%2Fattachments%2F252121510%2FDA3%2520Workshop-Gabler.pdf%3Fversion%3D1%26modificationDate%3D1671093170000%26api%3Dv2&psig=AOvVaw0szwENK1or3HevgvIDOfjx&ust=1687719410889597&opi=89978449.

Theme

Beziehungen verbale / systematische Erschließung

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Abstract

Vierzig Jahre lang hat der Philosoph Robert Brandom an seiner lang erwarteten und bahnbrechenden Neuinterpretation von Hegels Phänomenologie des Geistes gearbeitet. Indem er analytische, kontinentale und historische Traditionen verbindet, zeigt er, welche Herausforderung Hegels philosophisches Denken selbst heute noch darstellt. Im Geiste des Vertrauens handelt von der massiven historischen Veränderung im Leben der Menschheit, welche die Moderne darstellt. In der Antike wurden Urteile darüber, was sein sollte, als objektive Tatsachen angesehen, während die moderne Welt sie als durch subjektive Einstellungen bestimmt betrachtet. Hegel vertritt eine Sichtweise, die beides miteinander verbindet, Brandom bezeichnet sie als »objektiven Idealismus«: Es gibt eine objektive Realität, aber wir können ihr keinen Sinn abgewinnen, ohne zuerst zu verstehen, wie wir über sie denken. Wir werden erst dann zu Akteuren, wenn wir von anderen Akteuren als solche wahrgenommen werden. Das bedeutet, dass Verpflichtung, Verantwortung und Autorität durch soziale Praktiken der gegenseitigen Anerkennung erzeugt werden. Wenn unsere selbstbewussten anerkennenden Haltungen die radikale Form von Großmut und Vertrauen annehmen, so Brandom, dann können wir die Moderne überwinden und in ein neues Zeitalter des Geistes eintreten.

BK

08.24 Neue westliche Philosophie

Classification

CK 3680: Primärliteratur / Philosophie / Geschichte der Philosophie
CG 4077: Abhandlungen, Studien / Philosophie / Geschichte der Philosophie
CD 4045: Textsammlungen / Philosophie / Geschichte der Philosophie
08.24 Neue westliche Philosophie

Field

Philosophie

RVK

CK 3680: Primärliteratur / Philosophie / Geschichte der Philosophie
CG 4077: Abhandlungen, Studien / Philosophie / Geschichte der Philosophie
CD 4045: Textsammlungen / Philosophie / Geschichte der Philosophie

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Source

https%3A%2F%2Farxiv.org%2Fabs%2F2212.06721&usg=AOvVaw3i_9pZm9y_dQWoHi6uv0EN

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Abstract

Neben den theoretischen und allgemeinen Grundlagen von Informationsethik und Bibliotheksethik wird das Spektrum ethischer Konflikte und Dilemmata an Beispielen aus der Praxis des Berufsfelds Bibliothek und Information konkret erläutert. Dabei wird deutlich, dass wissenschaftlich fundierte Aussagen der Informationsethik und der Bibliotheksethik grundlegend für die wertbezogene Standardisierung bibliothekarischer Arbeit und äußerst hilfreich für ethisch abgesicherte Entscheidungen im Berufsalltag sind.

Classification

AN 65100: Begriff, Wesen der Bibliothek / Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft
CC 7270: Ethik der Künstlichen Intelligenz, Maschinenethik, Roboterethik / Philosophie / Systematische Philosophie

RVK

AN 65100: Begriff, Wesen der Bibliothek / Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft
CC 7270: Ethik der Künstlichen Intelligenz, Maschinenethik, Roboterethik / Philosophie / Systematische Philosophie

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Abstract

John R. Searle wird traditionell, wie etwa auch Austin oder Wittgenstein, mit einem sozial-interaktiven und handlungsorientierten Sprachbegriff in Verbindung gebracht. In einer instruktiven Studie kommt Sybille Krämer hingegen zu dem Ergebnis, dass Searle als Vertreter eines sprachlichen >Zwei-Welten-Modells< einen >autonomen< Sprachbegriff im Sinne der strukturalistischen Sprachtheorien de Saussures und Chomskys vertritt. Robert Niemann schlägt in diesem Essay eine Lesart vor, die Searle in einem neuen sprachtheoretischen Licht erscheinen lässt: Searles Sprachverständnis wird unter systematischer Berücksichtigung seiner geistphilosophischen und gesellschaftstheoretischen Überlegungen behandelt. Insbesondere werden Searles naturwissenschaftlicher Zugriff auf Geistphänomene sowie die daraus folgenden Konsequenzen für das Sprach- und Gesellschaftsverständnis kritisch erörtert. Schließlich wird ein Sprachbegriff herausgearbeitet, der vor dem Hintergrund eines >Weltenpluralismus< bzw. einer pluralen >Weltenkette< zu denken ist. Searles Sprachbegriff wäre demnach nicht als >autonom< und >entkörpert< (Krämer) zu betrachten, sondern vielmehr als heteronom und repräsentational sowie grundlegend körperorientiert.

BK

17.03 Theorie und Methoden der Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft

Classification

CI 6721: Sekundärliteratur / Philosophie / Geschichte der Philosophie
17.03 Theorie und Methoden der Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft

RVK

CI 6721: Sekundärliteratur / Philosophie / Geschichte der Philosophie

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Abstract

Die Frage, was Leben ist, hat Humberto Maturana beantwortet. Die Frage, was Erkennen ist, ließ ihn nie los. Nun ist der Forscher an den Schnittstellen von Neurobiologie und Philosophie in Santiago de Chile gestorben.

Date

7. 5.2021 22:10:24

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Abstract

Thomas Nagels ebenso kurze wie genaue und umfassende Einführung in die Philosophie findet in verständlicher Form Antworten auf die großen Fragen des Lebens: Woher wissen wir etwas? Wie hängen Körper und Geist zusammen? Was bedeuten Wörter? Gibt es Willensfreiheit wirklich? Was ist Recht und was ist Unrecht? Was ist der Tod? Und worin könnte der Sinn des Lebens bestehen?

Field

Philosophie

RSWK

Philosophie / Einführung

Subject

Philosophie / Einführung

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Abstract

Um Theorien zu überprüfen, sind Experimente unerlässlich. Doch wie zuverlässig ist eigentlich die empirische Basis der Wissenschaft?

Content

Teil 3 einer Serie 'Grundbegriffe der Wissenschaft'.

Field

Wissenschaftstheorie

Source

Spektrum der Wissenschaft. 2020, H.4, S.85-87

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Abstract

Schon vor 150 Jahren postulierte Emil du Bois-Reymond Grenzen der Naturerkenntnis - prinzipielle und praktische. Seine Zweifel haben Bestand bis heute.

Field

Wissenschaftstheorie

Source

Bild der Wissenschaft. 2020, H.2, S.24-31

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Field

Wissenschaftstheorie

Source

Bild der Wissenschaft. 2020, H.2, S.32-37

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Abstract

Wie die Corona-Krise einen alten Konflikt der offenen Gesellschaft zuspitzt. Argumentation basierend auf Popper.

Field

Wissenschaftstheorie

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Abstract

Die Diskussion um Menschenwürde und Lebensschutz prosperiert in der Corona-Krise. Die Feuilletons renommierter Zeitschriften sind der Austragungsort, Koryphäen aus Juristerei, Philosophie und Politik die Protagonisten der Debatte.

Field

Philosophie

Source

https://www.heise.de/tp/features/Die-Sache-mit-der-Menschenwuerde-und-dem-Wert-des-Lebens-4720866.html?seite=all

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Abstract

Der bekannteste lebende Vertreter der Kritischen Theorie ist eine der einflussreichsten intellektuellen Stimmen der Gegenwart. Im Interview erinnert sich Jürgen Habermas an Theodor W. Adorno - und spricht über die großen Themen unserer Zeit: Coronakrise, Rechtsruck, Identitätspolitik und die Zukunft Europas.

Field

Philosophie

Source

Philosophie-Magazin [https://www.philomag.de/artikel/juergen-habermas-es-gibt-keine-unbeweglichen-identitaeten]

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Abstract

Die fundamentalen Regeln der Physik gelten nur unter idealisierten Bedingungen exakt - die es praktisch nie gibt. Ist trotzdem ein befriedigendes Verständnis der Vorgänge möglich?

Content

Teil 1 einer Serie 'Grundbegriffe der Wissenschaft'.

Field

Wissenschaftstheorie

Source

Spektrum der Wissenschaft. 2020, H.2, S.82-85

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Field

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Source

Spektrum der Wissenschaft. 2020, H.10, S.37-43

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Content

Teil 2 einer Serie 'Grundbegriffe der Wissenschaft'.

Field

Wissenschaftstheorie

Source

Spektrum der Wissenschaft. 2020, H.3, S.84-87

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Abstract

Im Zeitgeist herrscht eine Verwirrung ontologischen Ausmaßes: Wirklichkeit und Fiktion scheinen heute ununterscheidbar. Davon ist nicht nur die mediale Öffentlichkeit, sondern auch das Selbstverständnis der Geisteswissenschaften betroffen. Um dieser Sackgasse zu entrinnen, entwickelt Markus Gabriel in seinem neuen Buch eine realistische Philosophie der Fiktionalität, die zugleich die Fundamente einer Theorie der Objektivität der Geisteswissenschaften legt. Ein philosophisches Grundlagenwerk. In seinem Zentrum steht die »Selbstbildfähigkeit« des Menschen, die fundamental sozial reproduziert wird, ohne deswegen sozial konstruiert zu sein. Fiktionen - paradigmatische dramatis personae unserer ästhetischen Vorstellungswelten wie Anna Karenina, Macbeth, Mephistopheles oder Jed Martin, der Protagonist von Michel Houellebecqs Karte und Gebiet - sind wirksame Prozesse der Selbstdarstellung der geistigen Lebensform des Menschen. Um dies anzuerkennen, muss der anthropologischen Zentralstellung der Einbildungskraft zu ihrem Recht verholfen werden. Auf diese Weise überwindet der Neue Realismus Gabriels den falschen Gegensatz von Sein und Schein, um unseren bedrohten Sinn für das Wirkliche zu rekalibrieren.

RSWK

Politische Philosophie

Subject

Politische Philosophie

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Abstract

Teil 2 der Serie über Bewusstsein, Philosophie, Religion und Naturwissenschaft.

Field

Philosophie

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Abstract

Biografischer Artikel mit Vorstellung der Schriften: 'Der Spiegel der Natur', 'Kontingenz, Ironie und Solidarität' und 'Pragmatismus als Antiautoritarismus' (1996 bei Suhrkamp).

Field

Philosophie

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Abstract

KI und Robotik werfen neue Fragen epistemologischer Art auf, die im Kontext einer Philosophie des Geistes wie der Ethik diskutiert werden müssen. Im Hinblick auf eine erste Skizze epistemologischer Art zu möglichen Formen von Intelligenz und Bewusstsein bei KI und Robotern wird aufgezeigt, dass von ihrer Genese und ihrer Struktur, also ihrer Phänomenologie, drei Arten von Intelligenz unterschieden werden müssen, nämlich evolutionär generierte, kulturell-sprachlich eingebettete und technologische, die nicht miteinander identifiziert werden können. Um Intelligenz und Bewusstsein von KI und Robotik im Unterschied zu biologischer und menschlicher Intelligenz verstehen zu können, muss die algorithmische Struktur von KI unter Berücksichtigung der Philosophie des Geistes und des wissenschaftlich-technologischen Forschens im Bereich der Evolution kognitiven und kommunikativen Verhaltens, der Neurowissenschaften und Psychologie und der Menschheitsgeschichte wie der Kulturanthropologie bestimmt werden.

BK

08.25 (Zeitgenössische westliche Philosophie)

Classification

08.25 (Zeitgenössische westliche Philosophie)

Footnote

Rez. in: Spektrum der Wissenschaft. 2020, H.11, S.90-92 (Stefan Höltgen).