-
Levie, F.: ¬L' Homme qui voulait classer le monde : Paul Otlet et le Mundaneum (2006)
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- BK
- 06.01 / Geschichte des Informations- und Dokumentationswesens
- Classification
- AN 93400 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Informationswissenschaft / Grundlagen, Theorie / Klassifikation
06.01 / Geschichte des Informations- und Dokumentationswesens
- Footnote
- Rez. in: KO 33(2006) no.2, S. 120-121 (S. Ducheyne): "To the readers of this journal the founding founder of bibliography and information science, the Belgian Paul Otlet (1868-1944), ground-layer of the Universal Decimal Classification, anticipator of multimedia, virtual libraries, and the Internet, and co-inventor of the microfilm or, as it was originally called, "le Bibliophote" (p. 107) (an achievement he shares together with Robert Goldschmidt), scarcely needs introduction. Françoise Levie's new biography of Otlet embodies the research she has started with the production of the documentary of the same name (Sofidoc, 2002, 60 min.). It is impossible to give a chapter-bychapter overview of this informatively dense and beautifully illustrated book, which consists of twenty chapters, a concluding piece by Benoît Peeters, a very useful list and description of the pivotal figures in Otlet's life, and a list containing the locations of the sources consulted (an index is, unfortunately, not provided). I will therefore restrict myself by pointing to Levie's innovative contributions to our knowledge of Otlet and to topics that are of genuine interest to the readers of this journal. Levie's book is the result of a fascinating, worldwide quest into the remains of Otlet's work and his international connections. Ever since W Boyd Rayward's monumental 1975 The Universe of Information: The Work of Paul Otlet for Documentation and International Organization (Moscow: VINITI), this book is the second systematic survey of the Collections of the Mundaneum (now, after various peregrinations, preserved at Bergen/Mons, Belgium) (cf. pp. 339-340), which contains Otlet's private documents, the "Otletaneum". Sixty-eight unopened banana boxes were the main source of inspirations for Levie's research. Of special interest in this respect is Levie's discovery of Otlet's 1916 diary "le Cahier Blue". As these boxes were, at the time Levie conducted her research, not classified and as they were thereafter re-divided and re-classified, precise references to this collection are not provided and the text is simply quoted during the course of the book (p. 339). While this is perfectly understandable, I would have welcomed exact references to Otlet's main works such as, for instance, Traité de documentation and Monde, Essai d'universalisme which are also quoted without supplying further details.
Levie's focus is not exclusively on Otlet's contributions to bibliography and information science per se, but aims at offering a very complete, chronological overview of the life and work of Paul Otlet. Levie succeeds very well at documenting Otlet's personal and familial life, and offers ample socio-historical and political contextualisation of Otlet's activities (e.g. the interaction between Otlet's internationalist endeavours and the expansionist politics of King Leopold II (p. 59), and Otlet's ardent pacifism during World War I are relevantly highlighted (pp. 161176)). Levie begins by exploring Otlet's childhood days and by bringing into perspective some of the traits which are relevant to understand his later work. She shows how his father Edouard, an internationally active railway contractor, awoke a mondial awareness in the young Otlet (pp. 20-21) and how his encyclopaedic spirit for the first time found expression in a systematic inventory of the small Mediterranean isle his father bought (L'île du Levant, 1882) (p. 31). From the age of 16 Otlet suffered from a disorder of his literal memory (Otlet's personal testimony in the Cahier Blue, on p. 47), which might perhaps explain his lifelong obsession with completeness and accuracy. Of special interest to the readers of this journal are chapter 4, in which Otlet's and Henri Lafontaine's adaptation of Melvil Dewey's Decimal Classification and the origin of the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) is discussed in extenso (pp. 5170; also see chapter 6, p. 98 for Otlet's attempt at a universal iconographical index) and chapter 17, in which Traité de documentation (1934) is presented
(pp. 267-277). In chapter 5 (pp. 75-89), Levie discusses Otlet's interest in urbanism (also see, p. 147 ff) and recounts how in Westende he built from scratch a complete coastal village, a kind of miniutopia, in close collaboration with the architects Octave Van Rysselberghe and Henry Van de Velde (unfortunately, it was destroyed in 1914). In close connection to their pacifist ideals, Otlet and his Nobelprize winning co-worker Lafontaine sought to realize a World City and in 1911 saw their ambitions shared by the joint work of the French architect Ernest Hébrard and the American-Norwegian sculptor Hendrik Anderson (pp. 128-141). Later, in the late 1920s, Otlet joined forces with Le Corbusier to establish such a world-centre (pp. 229-247, a 1930 letter of Le Corbusier to Otlet on this matter is reproduced on pages 234-235). In his later moments of desperation, Otlet called on virtually every major political leader, including Mussolini, Franco, and Hitler to achieve this goal (pp. 217-218, p. 294). In these chapters related to architecture, Levie draws extensively on previously unstudied correspondence and adds much detail to our knowledge of Otlet's explorations in this area. In several other chapters, Levie documents in great detail the less unknown rise and downfall of Otlet's "Mondial Palace" (which was inaugurated in 1919) (chapters 12-14 and 16). Looking back on Otlet's endeavours it is not difficult to realize that many of his "utopian" ideas were realized in the course of history. Levie's unique work represents a most welcome update of our knowledge of Otlet. It bears direct relevance for historians of information science and bibliography and historians of architecture, but will, no doubt, attract many scholars from other disciplines, as it places Otlet against the background of several important historical trends and as it is very accessibly written. I take it that publishers are already preparing an English edition of this work - or else, they should be. I wholeheartedly agree with Levie's conclusion that we haven't finished discovering Otlet's work (p. 318)."
- RVK
- AN 93400 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Informationswissenschaft / Grundlagen, Theorie / Klassifikation
-
Briot, D.; Creff, J.A.: Enfin une norme francaise de description des resources électroniques (Z44-082) (2000)
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- Date
- 29. 1.1996 16:50:24
- Footnote
- Übers. des Titels: At last a French standard for the description of electronic resources
- Source
- Bulletin d'informations de l'Association des Bibliothecaires Francais. 2000, no.186, S.20-22
-
Pfäffli, W.: ¬La qualité des résultats de recherche dans le cadre du projet MACS (Multilingual Access to Subjects) : vers un élargissement des ensembles de résultats de recherche (2009)
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- Abstract
- Cette étude aborde la problématique de la qualité des résultats de recherche obtenus par l'intermédiaire de liens établis dans le cadre du projet MACS (Multilingual Access to Subjects) en considérant plus particulièrement la perspective de l'usager. Elle cherche à démontrer que ces liens, dans leur définition actuelle, ne sont à eux seuls pas en mesure de garantir des résultats satisfaisants pour un usager et qu'ils doivent être complétés par d'autres mesures. Elle se compose de trois parties principales : - la première partie présente le contexte général : après un bref historique, les principes de base du projet MACS et les difficultés rencontrées lors de l'évaluation de résultats de recherche sont expliqués. La question des différentes perspectives de l'indexeur et de l'usager est plus particulièrement développée. - la seconde partie présente les tests sur les titres communs à plusieurs bibliothèques qui ont été effectués et énumère les différents facteurs qui affaiblissent la qualité des résultats et empêchent notamment l'usager de retrouver des titres pertinents. - la troisième partie contient quelques pistes susceptibles de remédier aux biais relevés dans la deuxième partie et s'interroge sur les caractéristiques d'une interface de recherche, qui permettraient d'améliorer une recherche thématique multilingue.
Conclusion Le tout premier point de départ de cette étude était le principe de validation des liens par la cohérence des résultats. Nous avons vu que ce principe jour un rôle très important dans la problématique générale de l'interopérabilité entre systèmes documentaires, bien qu'il ne soit pas sans soulever de nombreuses questions pratiques lors de sa mise en oeuvre concrète, questions auxquelles aucune étude n'a pour le moment offert de réponse détaillée qui puisse servir à élaborer un début de méthodologie. Mais nous avons surtout vu lors de l'étude d'exemples concrets que nous nous mouvons dans un contexte influencé par de nombreux facteurs, en grande partie, peu ou difficilement prévisibles : vouloir obtenir deux ensembles de titres pertinents clairement définis, en devant tenir compte du contexte culturel des fonds qui sont comparés, des différences de structure des langages documentaires, des politiques d'indexation, de la subjectivité des indexeurs et enfin des paramètres des moteurs de recherche, relève de la gageure !
L'examen des titres communs nous a montré qu'en tous les cas, une partie des titres pertinents échapperaient à une requête effectuée par l'intermédiaire du lien. Il nous semble donc plus important que les efforts se concentrent sur les moyens d'effectivement donner un accès à des documents potentiellement pertinents plutôt que de définir plus précisément la qualité des liens au vu des résultats. Une première voie est le recours aux relations hiérarchiques des langages documentaires, mais nous avons vu qu'elles ne sont pas en mesure d'apporter une solution dans tous les cas. Le recours à une classification, à une ontologie ou à des techniques de traitement automatique du langage sont d'autres voies à explorer, qui peuvent éviter de devoir multiplier les liens, et par là compliquer encore leur gestion. En chemin, nous avons rencontré , mais sans pouvoir les aborder, encore bien d'autres questions, qui sont toutes autant de défis supplémentaires à relever, comme le problème de l'accès aux titres non indexés ou le problème de l'évolution des langages documentaires et donc de la mise à jour des liens. Nous avons aussi laissé de côté les questions techniques de l'accès de l'interface aux différents catalogues et des possibilités de présentations des résultats de recherche proprement dits (par bibliothèque interrogée ou réunis en un ensemble, ranking). Il reste ainsi assez à faire jusqu'au jour où un usager pourra entrer un terme de recherche dans une interface conviviale, qui lui ouvrira un accès thématique simple mais complet aux ressources des bibliothèques d'Europe, puis du monde !
- Content
- Abschlussarbeit MAS Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaften 2007-2009
-
Bourdon, F.: ¬L'IFLA se penche sur les publication en série et les ISBD (2000)
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- Date
- 29. 1.1996 16:50:24
- Footnote
- Übers. des Titels: IFLA considerations on serial publications and ISBD
- Source
- Bulletin d'informations de l'Association des Bibliothecaires Francais. 2000, no.186, S.137-140
-
Les systèmes de recherche d'informations : modèles conceptuels (2004)
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- Content
- TABLE DES MATIERES Introduction 1* Le modèle booléen M. IHADJADENE, H. FONDIN 2*Technologies statistiques pour la recherche d'informations :les modèles vectoriels R. BESANÇON 3* Modèles probabilistes en recherche d'informations J.-Y. NIE, J. SAVOY 4* Connexionnisme et génétique pour la recherche d'informations M. BOUGHANEM, L. TAMINE 5* Modélisation logique pour la recherche d'informations J.-P. CHEVALLET 6* SRI et traitement du langage naturel C. DE LOUPY, E. CRESTAN 7* Modèles de langue pour la recherche d'informations M. BOUGHANEM, W. KRAAIJ, J.-Y. NIE 8* L'évaluation des systèmes de recherche d'informations S. CHAUDIRON Bibliographies/Index.
-
Garden, A.: ¬L'avenir des formats de données (2001)
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- Footnote
- Übers. des Titels: The future of data formats
- Source
- Bulletin des bibliothèques de France. 46(2001) no.5, S.114-116
-
Syren, A.P.: Cartographie des hommes illustres : vers une liste d'autorité des personalia (2000)
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- Footnote
- Übers. des Titels: A cartographyy of illustrious men: towards an authority list of personalia
- Source
- Bulletin des bibliothèques de France. 45(2000) no.2, S.87-91
-
Bourdon, F.: Modeliser les données d'autorité (2001)
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- Footnote
- Übers. des Titels: Modelling authority files
- Source
- Bulletin des bibliothèques de France. 46(2001) no.5, S.117-119
-
Jolibois, S.: ¬La gestion informatisée de corpus bibliographiques : adaption des normes et formats documentaires (2000)
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- Footnote
- Übers. des Titels: Adaptation of standards and formats to the computerized management of bibliographic records
- Source
- Bulletin des bibliothèques de France. 45(2000) no.1, S.98-101
-
Beguet, B.: Des corpus dans un plan de classement : l'experience de Bibliothèque Nationale de France (2000)
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- Footnote
- Übers. des Titels: The concept of a corpus in a classification scheme: experience at the Bibliothèque Nationale de France
- Source
- Bulletin des bibliothèques de France. 45(2000) no.3, S.90-96
-
Papy, F.; Chauvin, S.: Au-delà de la transfiguration du catalogue : Le Visual... Catalog : Mort et transfiguration des catalogues (2005)
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- Abstract
- Les étudiants méconnaissent le fonctionnement de leur bibliothèque universitaire et sont victimes de l'abondance documentaire. De plus, les catalogues informatisés, au regard des autres vecteurs d'information électronique, apparaissent désormais comme archaïques. Au service commun de la documentation de l'Université Paris VIII, un outil expérimental complète l'Opac depuis octobre 2004 : le Visual... Catalog. Cette interface introduit l'hypertextualité et transpose graphiquement les données du catalogue.
- Footnote
- Übers. des Titels: Beyond the transfiguration of the catalogue: the Visual... Catalog : Death and transfiguration of catalogues
- Source
- Bulletin des bibliothèques de France. 50(2005) no.4, S.5-12
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Maniez, J.: Actualité des langages documentaires : fondements théoriques de la recherche d'information (2002)
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Degez, D.; Masse, C.: ¬L'indexation à l'ère d'Internet (2000)
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- Date
- 1. 8.1996 22:01:00
-
Boutin, E.: ¬La recherche d'information sur Internet au prisme de la théorie des facettes (2008)
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- Content
- Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches, Discipline : Sciences de l'Information et de la Communication, Laboratoire I3M. - Présentée et soutenue publiquement le 9 Octobre 2008.
-
Menon, B.: Optimiser l'acces a l'information, une opportunite pour les langages documentaires? (2007)
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- Date
- 1. 8.1996 22:01:00
-
Classification décimale universelle (2004)
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- Date
- 7. 8.2005 15:34:29
-
Bélair, J.-A.; Bourdon, F.; Mingam, M.: ¬Le Répertoire de vedettes-matière et RAMEAU : deux langages d'indexation en français : un luxe nécessaire (2005)
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- Abstract
- Deux langages d'indexation (le RVM Laval et Rameau) pour une seule langue (le français) : n'y a-t-il pas là un paradoxe et, d'une certaine manière, un luxe inutile ? Nous allons nous efforcer de démontrer le contraire en présentant les deux types de raisons qui expliquent cette nécessité, raisons d'ordre linguistique et culturel, d'une part, et raisons d'ordre administratif et de gestion, d'autre part. Cette autonomie assumée des deux langages ne signifie pas cependant qu'ils s'ignorent, tout au contraire. L'esprit de collaboration qui anime les deux institutions est soutenu par une coopération officialisée ainsi que par une coopération de tous les jours.
