-
Janich, P.: ¬Die Grenzen der Naturwissenschaft : Erkennen als Handeln (1992)
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- Field
- Naturwissenschaften
-
Gabler, S.: Vergabe von DDC-Sachgruppen mittels eines Schlagwort-Thesaurus (2021)
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- Abstract
- Vorgestellt wird die Konstruktion eines thematisch geordneten Thesaurus auf Basis der Sachschlagwörter der Gemeinsamen Normdatei (GND) unter Nutzung der darin enthaltenen DDC-Notationen. Oberste Ordnungsebene dieses Thesaurus werden die DDC-Sachgruppen der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek. Die Konstruktion des Thesaurus erfolgt regelbasiert unter der Nutzung von Linked Data Prinzipien in einem SPARQL Prozessor. Der Thesaurus dient der automatisierten Gewinnung von Metadaten aus wissenschaftlichen Publikationen mittels eines computerlinguistischen Extraktors. Hierzu werden digitale Volltexte verarbeitet. Dieser ermittelt die gefundenen Schlagwörter über Vergleich der Zeichenfolgen Benennungen im Thesaurus, ordnet die Treffer nach Relevanz im Text und gibt die zugeordne-ten Sachgruppen rangordnend zurück. Die grundlegende Annahme dabei ist, dass die gesuchte Sachgruppe unter den oberen Rängen zurückgegeben wird. In einem dreistufigen Verfahren wird die Leistungsfähigkeit des Verfahrens validiert. Hierzu wird zunächst anhand von Metadaten und Erkenntnissen einer Kurzautopsie ein Goldstandard aus Dokumenten erstellt, die im Online-Katalog der DNB abrufbar sind. Die Dokumente vertei-len sich über 14 der Sachgruppen mit einer Losgröße von jeweils 50 Dokumenten. Sämtliche Dokumente werden mit dem Extraktor erschlossen und die Ergebnisse der Kategorisierung do-kumentiert. Schließlich wird die sich daraus ergebende Retrievalleistung sowohl für eine harte (binäre) Kategorisierung als auch eine rangordnende Rückgabe der Sachgruppen beurteilt.
- Content
- Master thesis Master of Science (Library and Information Studies) (MSc), Universität Wien. Advisor: Christoph Steiner. Vgl.: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371680244_Vergabe_von_DDC-Sachgruppen_mittels_eines_Schlagwort-Thesaurus. DOI: 10.25365/thesis.70030. Vgl. dazu die Präsentation unter: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=0CAIQw7AJahcKEwjwoZzzytz_AhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQAg&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.dnb.de%2Fdownload%2Fattachments%2F252121510%2FDA3%2520Workshop-Gabler.pdf%3Fversion%3D1%26modificationDate%3D1671093170000%26api%3Dv2&psig=AOvVaw0szwENK1or3HevgvIDOfjx&ust=1687719410889597&opi=89978449.
-
Shala, E.: ¬Die Autonomie des Menschen und der Maschine : gegenwärtige Definitionen von Autonomie zwischen philosophischem Hintergrund und technologischer Umsetzbarkeit (2014)
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- Abstract
- Werden Maschinen mit Begriffen beschrieben, die ursprünglich der Beschreibung des Menschen dienen, so liegt zunächst der Verdacht nahe, dass jene Maschinen spezifischmenschliche Fähigkeiten oder Eigenschaften besitzen. Für körperliche Fähigkeiten, die mechanisch nachgeahmt werden, hat sich in der Alltagssprache eine anthropomorphisierende Sprechweise bereits etabliert. So wird kaum in Frage gestellt, dass bestimmte Maschinen weben, backen, sich bewegen oder arbeiten können. Bei nichtkörperlichen Eigenschaften, etwa kognitiver, sozialer oder moralischer Art sieht dies jedoch anders aus. Dass mittlerweile intelligente und rechnende Maschinen im alltäglichen Sprachgebrauch Eingang gefunden haben, wäre jedoch undenkbar ohne den langjährigen Diskurs über Künstliche Intelligenz, welcher insbesondere die zweite Hälfte des vergangenen Jahrhunderts geprägt hat. In jüngster Zeit ist es der Autonomiebegriff, welcher zunehmend Verwendung zur Beschreibung neuer Technologien findet, wie etwa "autonome mobile Roboter" oder "autonome Systeme". Dem Begriff nach rekurriert die "Autonomie" jener Technologien auf eine bestimmte Art technologischen Fortschritts, die von der Fähigkeit zur Selbstgesetzgebung herrührt. Dies wirft aus philosophischer Sicht jedoch die Frage auf, wie die Selbstgesetzgebung in diesem Fall definiert ist, zumal sich der Autonomiebegriff in der Philosophie auf die politische oder moralische Selbstgesetzgebung von Menschen oder Menschengruppen beziehungsweise ihre Handlungen bezieht. Im Handbuch Robotik hingegen führt der Autor geradezu beiläufig die Bezeichnung "autonom" ein, indem er prognostiziert, dass "[.] autonome Roboter in Zukunft sogar einen Großteil der Altenbetreuung übernehmen werden."
- Content
- Redigierte Version der Magisterarbeit, Karlsruhe, KIT, Inst. für Philosophie, 2012.
- Footnote
- Vgl. unter: https://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwizweHljdbcAhVS16QKHXcFD9QQFjABegQICRAB&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F271200105_Die_Autonomie_des_Menschen_und_der_Maschine_-_gegenwartige_Definitionen_von_Autonomie_zwischen_philosophischem_Hintergrund_und_technologischer_Umsetzbarkeit_Redigierte_Version_der_Magisterarbeit_Karls&usg=AOvVaw06orrdJmFF2xbCCp_hL26q.
-
Herb, U.; Beucke, D.: ¬Die Zukunft der Impact-Messung : Social Media, Nutzung und Zitate im World Wide Web (2013)
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- Abstract
- Wissenschaftliche Karrieren und Publikationen benötigen Reputation und möglichst viel Beachtung. Literatur, die diese Aufmerksamkeit findet, wird - so die gängige Annahme - häufig zitiert. Ausgehend von dieser Überlegung wurden Verfahren der Zitationsmessung entwickelt, die Auskunft über die Relevanz oder (wie im- und explizit oft auch postuliert wird) gar die Qualität einer Publikation oder eines Wissenschaftlers geben sollen.
- Content
- Vgl. unter: https://www.leibniz-science20.de%2Fforschung%2Fprojekte%2Faltmetrics-in-verschiedenen-wissenschaftsdisziplinen%2F&ei=2jTgVaaXGcK4Udj1qdgB&usg=AFQjCNFOPdONj4RKBDf9YDJOLuz3lkGYlg&sig2=5YI3KWIGxBmk5_kv0P_8iQ.
-
Kanitscheider, B.; Springer, M.: ¬Ein Denker zwischen zwei Kulturen (2008)
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- Abstract
- Bernulf Kanitscheider ist ein Geisteswissenschaftler, dessen Interesse dem Weltbild der Naturwissenschaft gilt. Aus den Erkenntnissen der empirischen Forschung zieht er begriffliche Konsequenzen für naturphilosophische und wissenschaftstheoretische Probleme, aber auch für Ethik, Moral und individuelle Glückssuche.
- Series
- Mensch und Geist
- Source
- Spektrum der Wissenschaft. 2008, H.7, S.74-79
-
Gödert, W.; Lepsky, K.: Informationelle Kompetenz : ein humanistischer Entwurf (2019)
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- Abstract
- Diskussionen um Datennetze und Informationstechnik drehen sich häufig um kompetentes Handeln. In der Publikation werden Voraussetzungen eines autonomen informationellen Handelns gezeigt: Abstrahieren, Analogien bilden, Plausibilitäten beachten, Schlussfolgern und kreativ sein. Informationelle Kompetenz ist gelebte Informationelle Autonomie. Es lassen sich Konsequenzen für ein zukünftiges Menschenbild in informationstechnischen Umgebungen ziehen.
- Footnote
- Rez. in: Philosophisch-ethische Rezensionen vom 09.11.2019 (Jürgen Czogalla), Unter: https://philosophisch-ethische-rezensionen.de/rezension/Goedert1.html. In: B.I.T. online 23(2020) H.3, S.345-347 (W. Sühl-Strohmenger) [Unter: https%3A%2F%2Fwww.b-i-t-online.de%2Fheft%2F2020-03-rezensionen.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0iY3f_zNcvEjeZ6inHVnOK]. In: Open Password Nr. 805 vom 14.08.2020 (H.-C. Hobohm) [Unter: https://www.password-online.de/?mailpoet_router&endpoint=view_in_browser&action=view&data=WzE0MywiOGI3NjZkZmNkZjQ1IiwwLDAsMTMxLDFd].
-
Schreiber, K.: Biographische Informationsmittel : Typologie mit Beispielen. Rezensionen von 836 allgemeinen und fachlichen Sammelbiographien von Anfang der neunziger Jahre bis Ende 1998; samt einem Verzeichnis mit Schlagwortregister aller von 1974-1993 in der Rubrik Ausgewählte Bibliographien und andere Nachschlagewerke der Zeitschrift für Bibliothekswesen und Bibliographie sowie in IfB 1(1993) - 6(1998) besprochenen biographischen Informationsmittel (1999)
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- Abstract
- Der erste Teil von Beih.9 zu IfB bietet eine Typologie der biographische Informationsmittel (u.a.: Definition; Einteilung; Anlage; Register; Beigaben; Veröffentlichungsform und Erscheinungsweise; Bewertung; Bibliographien und Indizes; Auswahl und Angebot), die mit Exempla illustriert wird, die vorzugsweise aus dem zweiten Teil gewählt wurden. Dieser enthält Einzel- und Komplexrezensionen von 836 internationalen und regionalen, allgemeinen und fachlichen biographischen Informationsmitteln und werden durch ein Schlagwortregister erschlossen
-
Wallwitz, G. von: Meine Herren, dies ist keine Badeanstalt : wie ein Mathematiker das 20. Jahrhundert veränderte (2017)
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- Abstract
- Ordnung muss sein. Beim Baden bitteschön streng nach Geschlechtern getrennt, doch in der Wissenschaft zählt nur, was auf der Tafel steht. Jedenfalls für den Mathematiker David Hilbert, der seine brillante Kollegin Emmy Noether in Göttingen als Professorin durchsetzen wollte. Doch nicht nur damit war er seiner Zeit voraus (der Antrag wurde natürlich abgelehnt) - Hilbert hatte für die moderne Naturwissenschaft etwas denselben Stellenwert wie Pablo Picasso für die moderne Kunst. In Göttingen gaben sich bei diesem merkwürdigen Genie die bedeutendsten Köpfe die Klinke in die Hand: Einstein, Bohr, Heisenberg, Gödels Sätze über die Unvollständigkeit der Mathematik und Alan Turings Weg zur universellen Rechenmaschine - alles lässt sich hierher zurückverfolgen
- BK
- 31.01 Geschichte der Mathematik
- Classification
- 31.01 Geschichte der Mathematik
-
Brühl, B.: Thesauri und Klassifikationen : Naturwissenschaften - Technik - Wirtschaft (2005)
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- Abstract
- Das Buch gibt einen umfassenden Überblick über vorhandene Thesauri und Klassifikationen. Es liefert detaillierte Beschreibungen zu mehr als 150 Klassifikationen und Thesauri aus Naturwissenschaften, Technik, Wirtschaft und Patentwesen. Da gegenwärtig eine aktuelle Zusammenstellung international verfügbarer Thesauri und Klassifikationen fehlt, schließt das vorliegende Buch diese Lücke und kann somit dazu beitragen, Doppelarbeit bei der Erstellung von Thesauri und Klassifikationen zu verhindern und den intellektuellen wie kostenintensiven Aufwand zu minimieren. Zusätzlich bietet dieses Nachschlagewerk mit einem umfangreichen Index den Informationsspezialisten Unterstützung bei der Formulierung präziser Rechercheanfragen, indem es Informationen über Vorhandensein, Aufbau und Verfügbarkeit der Thesauri und Klassifikationen bereitstellt, die für die Recherche genutzt werden können. Das Buch wendet sich an alle Information Professionals, die Dokumentationssprachen aufbauen und nutzen.
- Field
- Naturwissenschaften
- Footnote
- Rez. in: Information: Wissenschaft & Praxis 56(2005) H.5/6, S.337 (W. Ratzek): "Bettina Brühl legt mit "Thesauri und Klassifikationen" ein Fleißarbeit vor. Das Buch mit seiner Auswahl von über 150 Klassifikationen und Thesauri aus Naturwissenschaft, Technik, Wirtschaft und Patenwesen macht es zu einem brauchbaren Nachschlagewerk, zumal auch ein umfassender Index nach Sachgebieten, nach Datenbanken und nach Klassifikationen und Thesauri angeboten wird. Nach einer 13-seitigen Einführung (Kapitel 1 und 2) folgt mit dem 3. Kapitel die "Darstellung von Klassifikationen und Thesauri", im wesentlichen aus den Beschreibungen der Hersteller zusammengestellt. Hier werden Dokumentationssprachen der Fachgebiete - Naturwissenschaften (3.1) und deren Spezialisierungen wie zum Beispiel "Biowissenschaften und Biotechnologie", "Chemie" oder "Umwelt und Ökonomie", aber auch "Mathematik und Informatik" (?) auf 189 Seiten vorgestellt, - Technik mit zum Beispiel "Fachordnung Technik", "Subject Categories (INIS/ ETDE) mit 17 Seiten verhältnismäßig knapp abgehandelt, - Wirtschaft mit "Branchen-Codes", "Product-Codes", "Länder-Codes"",Fachklas-sifikationen" und "Thesauri" ausführlich auf 57 Seiten präsentiert, - Patente und Normen mit zum Beispiel "Europäische Patentklassifikation" oder "International Patent Classification" auf 33 Seiten umrissen. Jedes Teilgebiet wird mit einer kurzen Beschreibung eingeleitet. Danach folgen die jeweiligen Beschreibungen mit den Merkmalen: "Anschrift des Erstellers", "Themen-gebiet(e)", "Sprache", "Verfügbarkeit", "An-wendung" und "Ouelle(n)". "Das Buch wendet sich an alle Information Professionals, die Dokumentationssprachen aufbauen und nutzen" heißt es in der Verlagsinformation. Zwar ist es nicht notwendig, die informationswissenschaftlichen Aspekte der Klassifikationen und Thesauri abzuhandeln, aber ein Hinweis auf die Bedeutung der Information und Dokumentation und/oder der Informationswissenschaft wäre schon angebracht, um in der Welt der Informations- und Wissenswirtschaft zu demonstrieren, welchen Beitrag unsere Profession leistet. Andernfalls bleibt das Blickfeld eingeschränkt und der Anschluss an neuere Entwicklungen ausgeblendet. Dieser Anknüpfungspunkt wäre beispielsweise durch einen Exkurs über Topic Map/Semantic Web gegeben. Der Verlag liefert mit der Herausgabe die ses Kompendiums einen nützlichen ersten Baustein zu einem umfassenden Verzeichnis von Thesauri und Klassifikationen."
- Series
- Materialien zur Information und Dokumentation; Bd.22
- Theme
- Grundlagen u. Einführungen: Allgemeine Literatur
Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus
-
Prigogine, I.: ¬Die Wiederentdeckung der Zeit : Naturwissenschaft in einer Welt begrenzter Vorhersagbarkeit (1989)
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- Field
- Naturwissenschaften
- Source
- Geist und Natur: über den Widerspruch zwischen naturwissenschaftlicher Erkenntnis und philosophischer Welterfahrung ; Kongress Geist und Natur, vom 21. bis 27. Mai 1988 in Hannover. Hrsg.: H.-P. Dürr u. W.C. Zimmerli
-
Geist und Natur : über den Widerspruch zwischen naturwissenschaftlicher Erkenntnis und philosophischer Welterfahrung ; Kongress Geist und Natur vom 21. bis 27. Mai 1988 in Hannover (1989)
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- Abstract
- Unser Bild von der Welt hat sich innerhalb weniger Jahrzehnte durch die Erkenntnisse der modernen Naturwissenschaft und die Fortschritte auf technologischem Gebiet schneller und radikaler verändert als je zuvor in der Geschichte. Unsere Wirklichkeitserfahrung ist eine andere geworden, die Basis unserer Welt-Sicht, das rationale, kausal-analytische Denken, ist in Frage gestellt, die als sakrosankt betrachtete kartesianische Trennung von Geist und Natur, Wissenschaft und Glauben überholt. In einem solchen Moment des geistigen Umbruchs sind Physiker und Biologen, Philosophen und Sozialwissenschaftler gleichermaßen gefordert, an der Grundlegung eines neuen Verständnisses von Mensch und Natur, Geist und Materie mitzuarbeiten. Denn eine Synthese unseres Wissens, die zu einer sinnstiftenden Einheit und Ganzheit unserer Erfahrungen führen soll, muß sich zunächst auf die Erkenntnisse der Einzelwissenschaften stützen, sollte auch andere Denktraditionen, wie etwa die der fernöstlichen Spiritualität und Weltweisheit, miteinbeziehen und die fundamentalen Einsichten der christlich-abendländischen Philosophie und Ethik nicht aus dem Auge verlieren.
Die auf dem Kongreß «Geist und Natur» in Hannover zusammengekommenen Wissenschaftler aller Disziplinen - darunter einige Nobelpreisträger - haben sich dieser Aufgabe gestellt und versucht, aus ihren unterschiedlichen Denkansätzen heraus neue, die Probleme unserer Zeit berücksichtigende Antworten auf die «letzten Fragen» zu finden wie: Was ist Geist? Was ist Natur, Materie? Was ist Bewußtsein? Was ist Zeit? Was ist Wirklichkeit? Aber nicht weniger intensiv wurden auch ganz konkrete Möglichkeiten zum Beispiel einer neuen ökologischen Ethik, einer Neuordnung der Weltwirtschaft und neuer Formen des Dialogs zwischen den Kulturen erwogen. Die Vorträge - oft von den bedeutendsten Vertretern ihres Fachgebiets gehalten - sind sowohl Bestandsaufnahme unserer gegenwärtigen geistigen und gesellschaftlichen Situation wie auch richtungweisend für die Zukunft. Dieser Band enthält die wichtigsten, interessantesten Beiträge zu dieser Diskussion, so daß sich dem Leser damit ein faszinierendes Kaleidoskop des heutigen Wissens und Denkens bietet.
- BK
- 30.00 Naturwissenschaften allgemein: Allgemeines
- Classification
- 30.00 Naturwissenschaften allgemein: Allgemeines
- Content
- Inhalt: Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker: Geist und Natur - Hans-Peter Dürr: Wissenschaft und Wirklichkeit. Über die Beziehung zwischen dem Weltbild der Physik und der eigentlichen Wirklichkeit - Iiya Prigogine: Die Wiederentdeckung der Zeit. Naturwissenschaft in einer Welt begrenzter Vorhersagbarkeit - Hans Jonas: Geist, Natur und Schöpfung. Kosmologischer Befund und kosmogonische Vermutung - John C. Eccles: Der Ursprung des Geistes, des Bewußtseins und des Selbst-Bewußtseins im Rahmen der zerebralen Evolution - Francesco J. Varela: Über die Natur und die Natur des Erkennens - Ernst Pöppel: Verfügbarkeit und Verführbarkeit des Mentalen. Neuropsychologische Thesen - Ingo Rentschler: Weltbilder der Kunst - Erscheinungsformen der Wirklichkeit - Carolyn Merchant: Entwurf einer ökologischen Ethik - Francesco Forte: Vom Wettbewerb zur Kooperation - ein neuer Ansatz für die Weltwirtschaft - Hazel Henderson: Die Entstehung postökonomischer Paradigmen und ihr Einfluß auf eine postindustrielle Welt - Agehananda Bharati: Holistische Ansätze im indischen Denken über Geist und Natur - Raimundo Panikkar: Mythos und Logos. Mythologische und rationale Weltsichten - Seyyed Hossein Nasr: Mystik und Rationalität im Islam - Rocque Lobo: Der Umgang mit der Verunsicherungssynthese der Zeiterfahrung. Zu einer lebensnahen Theorie der Samädhi-Erfahrung in Yoga und Zen - Michael von Brück: Zeitlichkeit und mystische Einheitserfahrung - Hugo M. Enomiya-Lassalle SJ: Zen - Erleuchtungsweg und christliche Mystik - David Steindl-Rast: Arbeit und Schweigen - Handeln und Kontemplation - Kardinal Franz König: Die Verantwortung des Christen für eine Welt von morgen - Hans Sebald: New-Age-Spiritualität. Religiöse Synthese in der westlichen Welt von heute - Christof Schorsch: Versöhnung von Geist und Natur? Eine Kritik - Erwin Chargaff: Erforschung der Natur und Denaturierung des Menschen - Roger Garaudy: Der Sinn des Lebens und der Dialog der Kulturen - Karl Popper: Gedankenskizzen über das, was wichtig ist - Walther Ch. Zimmerli: Technik als Natur des westlichen Geistes
- RSWK
- Naturwissenschaften / Philosophie / Religion
Erkenntnistheorie / Naturwissenschaften / Wissenschaftstheorie / Kongreß
- Subject
- Naturwissenschaften / Philosophie / Religion
Erkenntnistheorie / Naturwissenschaften / Wissenschaftstheorie / Kongreß
-
Ortlieb, P.; Ulrich, J.: Quantenquark : Claus Peter Ortlieb und Jörg Ulrich nehmen das "Potsdamer Manifest" auseinander: es sei getragen von biologistischer und völkischer Esoterik (2005)
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- Abstract
- Das Mitte Oktober erschienene "Potsdamer Manifest" will an das berühmte "Russell-Einstein-Manifest" von 1955 anknüpfen. Ein sehr anmaßender Versuch, sagen Claus Peter Ortlieb und Jörg Ulrich. Bezugnahme auf: Dürr, H.-P., J.D. Dahm u. R. zur Lippe: Wir müssen lernen, neu zu denken: Das materialistische Weltbild der klassischen Physik trägt nicht mehr. Auszüge aus dem Potsdamer Manifest. In: Frankfurter Rundschau. Nr.239 vom 14.10.2005, S.7.
- Content
- "... Die ökologische Krise, der Raubbau an nicht erneuerbaren Ressourcen im großen Stil und die absehbare Zerstörung der menschlichen Lebensgrundlagen sind notwendiger Bestandteil dieser Gesellschaftsform. Solange an ihr nicht gerüttelt wird, bleiben sie ein "hinzunehmendes Übel", und das ist keineswegs eine bloße Frage der Wahrnehmung, wie das Manifest es nahe legt. Eine ökologisch nachhaltige Marktwirtschaft kann es ebenso wenig geben wie einen Kapitalismus ohne Wachstum, hier bleibt nur ein entweder - oder. Damit freilich wird ein Tabu berührt und eine Grenze des Denkens erreicht, die auch das "neue Denken" nicht überschreiten will und kann, sodass es zwangsläufig in Verschwörungstheorien und Esoterik abdriften muss. (...) Die Naturwissenschaft bewährt sich (oderversagt) in technisch erst herzustellenden experimentellen Situationen und nur dort; auch ihre unbestreitbaren technischen Erfolge verdankt sie allein diesem Vorgehen. Über die Welt außerhalb von Experiment und Technik kann sie nur wenige, über die menschliche Gesellschaft überhaupt keine Aussagen machen, es sei denn, sie verlässt ihren eigenen Boden und wird ideologisch. Das "Orientierungswissen"; das vom Manifest eingeklagt wird, ist von der Naturwissenschaft nicht zu haben. (...) Äußern sich Naturwissenschaftler zu gesellschaftlichen Problemen öffentlich, so ist das durchaus legitim, doch tun sie es nie allein aus ihrer naturwissenschaftlichen Fachkompetenz heraus. Und das sollte um der intellektuellen Redlichkeit Willen dann auch deutlich gemacht werden. Auch Naturwissenschaftler lassen sich von gesellschaftlichen Trends beeinflussen, im Falle des hier in Rede stehenden Manifestes ist es jener, in dem heute viele mitschwimmen und hoffen, so der Krise der modernen Gesellschaft entkommen zu können: Die Flucht in die völkische und biologistische Esoterik. Es steht damit in der legitimen Nachfolge des österreichischen Physikers und Esoterikers Frithjof Capra, der sich mit seinen quantenphysikalisch motivierten Phantasmen Anfang der 1980er Jahren zum Guru der New-Age-Bewegung aufschwingen konnte. Auch die Scharlatanerie hat ihre Geschichte. Zu ihr gehört das "Potsdamer Manifest". Es in eine Linie mit dem "Russell-Ein-stein-Manifest" zu stellen, ist nur der missglückte Versuch einer Usurpation."
- Date
- 4.11.1995 20:04:13
-
Holenstein, E.: Symmetrie und Symmetriebruch in der Sprache (1988)
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- Abstract
- Symmetrieerscheinungen in den natürlichen Sprachen sind am offensichtlichsten in den ikonischen Beziehungen zwischen der Sprache und dem Besprochenen auszumachen.
- Source
- Symmetrie in Geistes- und Naturwissenschaft: Hauptvorträge und Diskussionen des Symmetrie Symposions an der Technischen Hochschule Darmstadt vom 13.-17.6.1986 im Rahmen des Symmetrieprojektes der Stadt Darmstadt. Hrsg. R. Wille
-
Bexte, P.; Künzel, W.: Allwissen und Absturz : der Ursprung des Computers (1993)
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- Abstract
- Kaum eine Wissenschaft der Neuzeit dürfte so geschichtslos angetreten sein wie die Computertheorie. Die simulierte Gleichzeitigkeit alles je Geschriebenen, die der Bildschirm erzeugt, scheint die Beschäftigung mit der Historie abzuschaffen. Das System schluckt die Geschichte und läßt so vergessen, daß es seinerseits eine solche hat. Uns aber hat sie nicht mehr losgelassen, seit wir vor Jahren an an die Schriften des mittelalterlichen Theologikers Raimundus Lullus gerieten. Seine logischen Modelle haben wir in die Computersprachen Cobol sowie Assembler übertragen und sie in einen Berliner Großrechner eingegeben. So entstand aus einer bloßen Übersetzung das ablauffähige Programm "Ars Magna. Author: Raimundus Lullus, um 1300". Dieser älteste Systementwurf war uns der Tigersprung in das Vergangene, der das Kontinuum der Geschichtslosigkeit aufsprengt. Im Kurzschluß von Jetztzeit und Vergangenheit glühen Verbindungen auf, die scheinbar Bekanntes in neuem Licht erscheinen lassen. Daß die Elektronenhirne einen solch direkten Draht zu mittelalterlichen Gottesbeweisen haben, verlangt nach einer Spurensicherung neuer Art, nach einer besonderen Archäologie des Immateriellen. Die Spur führt auf ein ungesichertes Terrain, auf verschüttete Pfade durch zerbrochene Buchstäblichkeiten, die keine Kabbala mehr zusammenhält. Vertraute Oppositionsbegriffe, die den Dingen eine neuzeitliche Ordnung geben würden, wie Wissenschaft/Kunst, Subjekt/Objekt, Religion/Technik, greifen hier nicht mehr. Hier bedarf es einer anderen Lektüre. Und in solcher Überschreitung zeigen uns die alten Texte plötzlich die Spuren des Neuen. Die von Raimundus Lullus ab 1275 entwickelte Logik ist Gestalt geworden Kosmologie. Sie verkörpert Offenbarungswissen, demonstriert die Logik des Universums. In ihrem kombinatorischen Verfahren sind Gottesbeweis und Maschinenbau identisch, sie fallen zusammen, bilden keine Gegensätze. Mit ihr wird ein Feld eröffnet, das sich nicht durch Widersprüche strukturiert, sondern durch hemmungslose Kommunikation von anderweitig Getrenntem. Alles folgt hier ein und derselben Logik, einer Ars Combinatoria, die durch alle Bereiche geht. Sie durchmißt die gesamte Stufenleiter des Seins, von den Steinen, Pflanzen, Tieren, über Menschen, Himmel, Engel bis hinauf zu Gott und wieder hinab. So verbindet diese Logik Himmel und Erde, Asien und Europa, medizinischen und juristischen Körper, Musik und die Quadratur des Kreises etc. Diese Kombinatorik leistet also, was der Mythos älteren Kulturen bot: die Verknüpfung von allem mit allem. So entstehen Netzwerke, als deren ältester Programmierer sich Raimundus Lullus erweist. Seine Ars Magna liefert uns die Basis-Algorithmen, seine Tafeln geben uns den Code des Universums. Hierin berührt er sich mit einer Theorie des Universums als "big computer", wie kein Geringerer als Konrad Zuse sie in unseren Tagen vorgekegt hat. Lullus war der erste Hacker in den himmlischen Datenbanken.
- BK
- 54.01 / Geschichte der Informatik
- Classification
- ER 640 Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen / Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft / Sprachphilosophie (Primärliteratur der Sprachphilosophie; Sekundärliteratur s.o. bei Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft) / Sonstiges
SR 800 Informatik / Nachschlagewerke. Didaktik / Allgemeines, Nachschlagewerke, Ausbildung / Geschichte der Datenverarbeitung
54.01 / Geschichte der Informatik
- Date
- 20.11.2007 19:20:39
- RSWK
- Kombinatorik / Geschichte 1270-1716 / Computer / Geschichte Anfänge
Computer-Geschichte (ÖVK)
- RVK
- ER 640 Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen / Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft / Sprachphilosophie (Primärliteratur der Sprachphilosophie; Sekundärliteratur s.o. bei Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft) / Sonstiges
SR 800 Informatik / Nachschlagewerke. Didaktik / Allgemeines, Nachschlagewerke, Ausbildung / Geschichte der Datenverarbeitung
- Subject
- Kombinatorik / Geschichte 1270-1716 / Computer / Geschichte Anfänge
Computer-Geschichte (ÖVK)
-
Heintz, B.: ¬Die Herrschaft der Regel : zur Grundlagengeschichte des Computers (1993)
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- BK
- 54.01 / Geschichte der Informatik
31.01 / Geschichte der Mathematik
- Classification
- SG 700 Mathematik / Biographien, Geschichte und Philosophie der Mathematik / Philosophie und Mathematik
ST 120 Informatik / Monographien / Grundlagen der Informatik / Grundlagen der Informatik
SR 800 Informatik / Nachschlagewerke. Didaktik / Allgemeines, Nachschlagewerke, Ausbildung / Geschichte der Datenverarbeitung
54.01 / Geschichte der Informatik
31.01 / Geschichte der Mathematik
- Date
- 22. 4.2007 12:26:52
- Footnote
- Rez. in: Spektrum der Wissenschaft. 1995, H.12, S.142-144 (I. Diener)
- RSWK
- Mathematik / Grundlage / Geschichte 1890-1940
Mathematik / Wissenssoziologie / Geschichte 1890-1940
Computer / Geschichte 1940-1960 / Formalismus <Mathematik> / Turing-Maschine / Rationalisierung / Geschichte 1890-1940
Datenverarbeitung / Soziologie / Geschichte (BVB)
Datenverarbeitung / Mathematik / Geschichte (BVB)
- RVK
- SG 700 Mathematik / Biographien, Geschichte und Philosophie der Mathematik / Philosophie und Mathematik
ST 120 Informatik / Monographien / Grundlagen der Informatik / Grundlagen der Informatik
SR 800 Informatik / Nachschlagewerke. Didaktik / Allgemeines, Nachschlagewerke, Ausbildung / Geschichte der Datenverarbeitung
- Subject
- Mathematik / Grundlage / Geschichte 1890-1940
Mathematik / Wissenssoziologie / Geschichte 1890-1940
Computer / Geschichte 1940-1960 / Formalismus <Mathematik> / Turing-Maschine / Rationalisierung / Geschichte 1890-1940
Datenverarbeitung / Soziologie / Geschichte (BVB)
Datenverarbeitung / Mathematik / Geschichte (BVB)
-
Genz, H.; Decker, R.: Symmetrie und Symmetriebrechung in der Physik (1991)
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- BK
- 33.50 Physik der Elementarteilchen und Felder: Allgemeines
- Classification
- UO 1500 Physik / Elementarteilchenphysik, Physik der Felder und Hochenergiephysik / Symmetrie-Eigenschaften und Erhaltungssätze im Bereich der Elementarteilchen und Felder / Allgemeines
SK 950 Mathematik / Monographien / Mathematische Methoden in den Naturwissenschaften
UB 5180 Physik / Allgemeine Nachschlagewerke, Bibliographien, Geschichte und Philosophie der Physik / Populäre Darstellungen / Elementarteilchenphysik, Hochenergiephysik
33.50 Physik der Elementarteilchen und Felder: Allgemeines
- Footnote
- Rez. in: Spektrum der Wissenschaft. 1993, H.8, S.108-109 (R. Meinel)
- RVK
- UO 1500 Physik / Elementarteilchenphysik, Physik der Felder und Hochenergiephysik / Symmetrie-Eigenschaften und Erhaltungssätze im Bereich der Elementarteilchen und Felder / Allgemeines
SK 950 Mathematik / Monographien / Mathematische Methoden in den Naturwissenschaften
UB 5180 Physik / Allgemeine Nachschlagewerke, Bibliographien, Geschichte und Philosophie der Physik / Populäre Darstellungen / Elementarteilchenphysik, Hochenergiephysik
-
Gombrich, E.H.: Symmetrie, Wahrnehmung und künstlerische Gestaltung (1988)
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- Source
- Symmetrie in Geistes- und Naturwissenschaft: Hauptvorträge und Diskussionen des Symmetrie Symposions an der Technischen Hochschule Darmstadt vom 13.-17.6.1986 im Rahmen des Symmetrieprojektes der Stadt Darmstadt. Hrsg. R. Wille
-
Steib, B.; Popp, R.: Albertus Magnus - der große Neugierige (2003)
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- Abstract
- In den Schriften des mittelalterlichen Naturforschers und Universalgelehrten lassen sich auf eindrucksvolle Weise die Anfänge einer erfahrungsorientierten Naturwissenschaft erkennen
- Source
- Spektrum der Wissenschaft. 2003, H.11, S.70-78
-
Breidbach, O.: Neue Wissensordnungen : wie aus Informationen und Nachrichten kulturelles Wissen entsteht (2008)
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- Abstract
- Anstelle von materiellen Dingen wird heute in unserer Gesellschaft vorwiegend Wissen produziert. Kultur als der Zusammenhang aller möglichen Interaktionen in einer menschlichen Gesellschaft fixiert und transformiert das historisch erwachsene Wissen, in dem sich diese Kultur etabliert. Wissen ist dabei auch nicht einfach die Summe der einzelnen Köpfe dieser Kultur, da diese ihr Wissen ja immer erst im Zusammenhang der Kultur, in der sie agieren, gewinnen und fixieren können. Was sind dann aber die Kriterien, an denen Wissen und Information zu bemessen sind, und inwieweit sind Wissen und Information dabei dann überhaupt voneinander abzugrenzen? Informationen sind zunächst einfach nur Mitteilungen oder Nachrichten. Solche Informationen sind, suche ich sie zu verwenden, dann aber auch zu bewerten, also auf den Gesamtkontext der schon verfügbaren Informationen zu beziehen. Diese Informationen werden demnach einander zugeordnet. Erst in dieser Ordnung entsteht Wissen. Schließlich werden in der Strukturierung der Informationen die Nachrichten zu den Teilen eines Ganzen, in dem sich ein Bild formiert, was mehr ist als die Summe seiner Teile. Der Autor untersucht die Bezugsrahmen, in denen Wissen entsteht. Dabei entdeckt er eine Art übergeordnete Instanz, die einzelne Daten zu bewerten erlaubt. Der Text berührt sowohl alte philosophische Traditionen wie auch - ausgehend von neurobiologischen Befunden - die mathematisch-technischen Funktionen einer modernen Wissenschaftskultur.
- BK
- 02.00 / Wissenschaft und Kultur allgemein: Allgemeines
- Classification
- CC 3200 Philosophie / Systematische Philosophie / Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie / Abhandlungen zur allgemeinen Wissenschaftstheorie
NU 1500 Geschichte / Geschichte der Wissenschaften und des Unterrichtswesens / Geschichte der Wissenschaften / Allgemeines
02.00 / Wissenschaft und Kultur allgemein: Allgemeines
- Date
- 22. 7.2009 13:43:50
- Footnote
- Rez. in: BuB 61(2009) H.4, S.281-282 (J. Eberhardt): "Die Bücher der im letzten Jahr gestarteten »Edition UnseId« sind dünn und preisgünstig, sie zielen damit auf ein größeres Publikum. Anspruchsvoll streben die ersten Bände der Edition danach, den Lesern die Welt zu erklären, oder kantischer noch, die Bedingungen einer solchen Welterklärung zu diskutieren. In diese Kategorie fällt auch der Band von Olaf Breidbach über die »Neuen Wissensordnungen«, der eben nicht bestimmtes Wissen vermitteln möchte, sondern das Wissen für sich als kulturelles und historisches Phänomen in den Blick nimmt. Das lässt eigentlich - für Bibliothekare als Arbeiter an oder in der Wissensordnung zumal - interessante Lektüre erwarten. Doch dürfte es auch außerhalb unseres Berufsstandes nicht allzu viele Leser geben, die Honig aus dem Büchlein saugen können, weil der Jenaer Professor für die Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften mehr Mühe auf die Ausbreitung seines reichen Materials denn auf seine Aufbereitung verwandt hat. Das Buch wird regiert von zwei Grundgedanken, die Breidbach verschiedentlich wiederholt. Der erste steckt auch im Titel: »Information« und »Wissen« sind nicht dasselbe, sondern Wissen entsteht erst aus Information, und zwar durch Interpretation und Reflexion. Wissen ist »interpretierte Information« (Seite 12, 168 und weitere). Der zweite betrifft das Wesen der Interpretation: Eine neue Information kann nur interpretiert werden, indem man sie in Beziehung setzt zu dem, was schon gewusst wird, also indem man sie in das »Netz« seines Wissens einbezieht - und dies führt notwendig dazu, dass das Netz sich verändert. Wissensordnung muss man dynamisch verstehen, nicht statisch! Das Buch versucht zu erklären, was diese beiden Gedanken bedeuten und welche Folgen sie haben dafür, wie Wissensordnung zu modellieren wäre. Dem ersten Gedanken nähert man sich vielleicht am einfachsten über einen Vergleich mit der platonischen Wissensauffassung, die als Diskussionsfolie auch noch die zeitgenössische Erkenntnistheorie regiert. . . .
... ist Interessierten eher David Weinbergers weniger anspruchsvolle, dafür aber ansprechendere und mehr an der bibliothekarischen Praxis orientierte, gut gelaunte kleine Kultur- und Handlungsgeschichte der Wissensordnung »Everything is miscellaneous« zu empfehlen (siehe auch die Rezension von Jürgen Plieninger in BuB Heft 10/2007, Seite 750/751). Das Buch liegt mittlerweile in deutscher Übersetzung (»Das Ende der Schublade«, Hanser 2008) vor."
- RVK
- CC 3200 Philosophie / Systematische Philosophie / Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie / Abhandlungen zur allgemeinen Wissenschaftstheorie
NU 1500 Geschichte / Geschichte der Wissenschaften und des Unterrichtswesens / Geschichte der Wissenschaften / Allgemeines
-
Giesecke, M.: Sinnenwandel, Sprachwandel, Kulturwandel : Studien zur Vorgeschichte der Informationsgesellschaft (1998)
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- Abstract
- Je mehr Bedeutung gegenwärtig die elektronischen Medien erhalten, desto mehr wird es üblich- und offenbar auch notwendig -, die verschiedensten Phänomene in unserer Gesellschaft als Informations und als Kommunikationssysteme zu betrachten. Dieses Buch unternimmt den Versuch, diese zeitgemäße Sichtweise auch für die Behandlung der traditionellen Gegenstände der Sprachwissenschaft zu nutzen. Die Sprachgeschichte erscheint dann als Geschichte der Programmierung und Kodierung von Informationen, die Kulturgeschichte als eine Geschichte der Veränderung kommunikativer Systeme durch die Nutzung neuer Speicher- und Verbreitungsmedien. Mit diesem Konzept verbessern sich erheblich die Chancen das alte Problem des Zusammenhangs zwischen Sinnenwandel, Sprachwandel und Kulturwandel in einem einheitlichen theoretischen Rahmen befriedigend zu behandeln.
- BK
- 05.20 Kommunikation und Gesellschaft
18.00 / Einzelne Sprachen und Literaturen allgemein
- Classification
- ER 500 Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen / Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft / Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft / Einführende Handbücher und Darstellungen. Allgemeine, Gesamtdarstellungen der Sprachwissenschaft und ihrer Geschichte.
ES 110 Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen / Spezialbereiche der allgemeinen Sprachwissenschaft / Soziolinguistik / Sprache und Kultur
05.20 Kommunikation und Gesellschaft
18.00 / Einzelne Sprachen und Literaturen allgemein
- Date
- 20. 3.2008 14:07:37
- RSWK
- Sprache / Schrift / Geschichte / Aufsatzsammlung
Semantik / Geschichte / Aufsatzsammlung
Deutsch / Sprachwandel / Buchdruck / Elektronische Medien / Geschichte / Aufsatzsammlung (HBZ)
- RVK
- ER 500 Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen / Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft / Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft / Einführende Handbücher und Darstellungen. Allgemeine, Gesamtdarstellungen der Sprachwissenschaft und ihrer Geschichte.
ES 110 Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen / Spezialbereiche der allgemeinen Sprachwissenschaft / Soziolinguistik / Sprache und Kultur
- Subject
- Sprache / Schrift / Geschichte / Aufsatzsammlung
Semantik / Geschichte / Aufsatzsammlung
Deutsch / Sprachwandel / Buchdruck / Elektronische Medien / Geschichte / Aufsatzsammlung (HBZ)
