-
Rötzer, A.: ¬Die Einteilung der Wissenschaften : Analyse und Typologisierung von Wissenschaftsklassifikationen (2003)
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- Abstract
- In dem Maße, in dem sich die Wissenschaften partikularisieren und atomisieren, wird es immer schwieriger, Überblick zu gewinnen auch schon über nah verwandte Wissenschaften. Daher wächst die Bedeutung der Klassifizierung hinsichtlich ihrer pragmatischen Funktionen stark an. Zudem sind es heute besonders die Querschnittswissenschaften, die im Zentrum des Forschungsinteresses stehen. Dort werden derzeit die größten Fortschritte gemacht. Man denke dabei nur an die Krebsforschung, die sich im molekularen Bereich in einen Forschungsraum zwischen Chemie und Biologie bewegt. Gerade die Medizin bietet viele Beispiele dieser die Wissenschaftsgrenzen überschreitenden Forschungen: der ganze Bereich der Gentechnik, die Nanotechnik, aber auch die medizinische Informatik und Robotik. Aus diesem Grund sind es nicht nur pragmatische Funktionen, die von einer heutigen Wissenschaftsklassifikation bedient werden müssen, sondern auch epistemologische. Wissenschaftsklassifikationen bieten die Möglichkeit, Zusammenhänge zwischen den Wissenschaften erkennbar machen und eröffnen damit unter Umständen neue Wege der Forschung. Dennoch geriet die Wissenschaftsklassifikation gerade in den letzten Jahren in eine Krise. Die Absage an die Systemhaftigkeit des Ganzen der Wissenschaft, die sich im Zuge der postmodernen Theorie durchgesetzt hat, stellte die Wissenschaftsklassifikation vor Probleme, die sie mit den üblichen Ansätzen nicht lösen konnte. Neue Wege der Klassifikation vor dem Hintergrund der Erkenntnisse dieser neuen Theorieansätze galt es nun zu finden. Jede Zeit findet sich ihre Problemlösungswege, und so hat sich auch für die Wissenschaftsklassifikation der Gegenwart neue Möglichkeiten eröffnet, die sich mit Hilfe der neuen Medien verwirklichen lassen.
Durch die rasche Vermehrung und erhöhte Verschränkung der Wissenschaften stoßen die klassischen zweidimensionalen und hierarchischen Klassifikationen heute an eine Grenze. Die eindeutige Hierarchisierung kann hier nur auf Kosten der potentiell auszubildenden Beziehungen zwischen den zu klassifizierenden Wissenschaften gehen, denn, um die Logik der Hierarchie zu bewahren, muss häufig auf die Logik der inhaltlichen Zusammenhänge verzichten werden. Eine Lösung in Form von mehrdimensionalen Verbindungen und In-Bezug-Setzungen bieten die Darstellungsmöglichkeiten der neuen Medien. Einen Schritt in diese Richtung unternahm ARTUR P. SCHMIDT mit seinem 1999 auch als CD-Rom erschienen 'Wissensnavigator'. Unter Bezugnahme auf Deleuzes und Guattaris 'Rhizom' fordert er eine ungehinderte Vernetzung des Wissens in alle Richtungen. Er sieht sich damit im Einklang mit den Entwicklungen seiner Zeit. Interaktive Benutzung soll diese totale Vernetzung des Wissens generieren, indem der Benutzer der Enzyklopädie durch seine Anfragen bei ihrer Evolution mitwirkt. Die Darstellbarkeit dieser Vernetzung soll mit Hilfe eines sich in einem 4-dimensionalen Raum befindlichen "Hyperkubus" ermöglicht werden, der "in einer Matrix ein neuronales Netzwerk" enthalten soll. Neben diesem wohl noch als utopisch zu bezeichnenden Projekt gibt es derzeit eine Anzahl konservativerer Ansätze der Klassifizierung im Internet, die größte Differenzierungen erlauben, aber auf ungeregelte 'Hyperverlinkung' verzichten. Sollten jedoch Projekte wie die ARTUR P. SCHMIDTS realisiert werden können, so ist damit vielleicht auch Nietzsches Forderung zu erfüllen, die er noch in weiter Ferne vermutete.
Mit Hilfe mehrdimensionaler In-Bezug-Setzungen könnte auch einem wechselseitigen Prozess entgegnet werden, der sich seit gut einem Jahrhundert mehr und mehr dynamisierte: Gleichzeitig mit dem Differenzierungsprozess der Wissenschaften, der besonders in den letzten Jahrzehnten immer rascher fortschreitet und hybride Wissenschaftsbezeichnungen wie 'Physikochemie', 'Biophysik' oder 'Soziobiologie' entstehen ließ, geht ein Integrationsprozess einher, der diese Wissenschaften sich wieder annähern lässt. Diese Gleichzeitigkeit der entgegengesetzten Prozesse von Differenzierung und Integration könnte eine neue Form der Einheit der Wissenschaften schaffen, die eine Entwicklung der Wissenschaften zu einem einheitlichen Ganzes in Gang setzt. Damit könnten die großen Potentiale, die in diesem dialektischen Prozess von Differenzierung und Integration hinsichtlich neuer Forschungsergebnisse verwirklicht werden.
- Content
- Dissertation zur Erlangung eines Doktorgrades. Vorgelegt an der philosophischen Fakultät der Universität Passau. - Auch unter: http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=980197058&dok_var=d1&dok_ext=pdf&filename=980197058.pdf
- Field
- Wissenschaftstheorie
- Theme
- Geschichte der Klassifikationssysteme
-
¬Die Klassifikation der Wissenschaften als philosophisches Problem (1968)
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- Content
- 1. Die Herausbildung des Klassifikationsbegriffs in der Geschichte der Philosophie - 2. Logische und methodologische Probleme der Klassifikation der Wissenschaften - 3. Zur Klassifikation innerhalb größerer Wissenschaftsbereiche
- Field
- Philosophie
- Imprint
- Berlin : VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften
- Theme
- Geschichte der Klassifikationssysteme
-
Diesch, K.: Katalogprobleme und Dezimalklassifikation : eine bibliothekswissenschaftliche Untersuchung und Abwehr (1929)
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- Theme
- Geschichte der Klassifikationssysteme
-
Langfeldt, J.: Zum Problem und zur Geschichte der Systematik : T.1-2. (1957)
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- Source
- Bücherei und Bildung. 9(1957), S.465-473, 519-527
- Theme
- Geschichte der Klassifikationssysteme
-
Holländer, H.: Denkwürdigkeiten der Welt oder sogenannte Relationes Curiosae ... : über Kunst- und Wunderkammern (1992)
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- Source
- Rheydter Jahrbuch für Geschichte, Kunst und Heimatkunde. 20(1992) S.51-74
- Theme
- Geschichte der Klassifikationssysteme
-
Schunke, I.: ¬Die systematischen Ordnungen und ihre Entwicklungen : Versuch einer geschichtlichen Übersicht (1927)
0.07
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- Footnote
- Die in diesem Beitrag entwickelte Unterteilung von Klassifikationssystemen in 'wissenschaftliche', 'philosophisch-enzyklopädische' und 'bibliothekarische' ist später immer wieder aufgegriffen und im Sinne einer Typologie verwendet worden
- Theme
- Geschichte der Klassifikationssysteme
Geschichte der Sacherschließung
-
Focke, R.: Allgemeine Theorie der Klassifikation und kurzer Entwurf einer Instruktion für den Realkatalog (1905)
0.07
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- Source
- Festschrift zur Begrüßung der 6. Versammlung Deutscher Bibliothekare in Posen
- Theme
- Geschichte der Klassifikationssysteme
Geschichte der Kataloge
-
Kleinschmidt, H.: Vom System zur Ordnung: Bemerkungen zu Bewertungen von Sachkatalogen vornehmlich im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert (1987)
0.07
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- Theme
- Geschichte der Klassifikationssysteme
Geschichte der Sacherschließung
-
Focke, R.: Grundlegung zu einer Theorie des systematischen Kataloges (1900)
0.07
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- Source
- Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Schrift-, Buch- und Bibliothekswesens
- Theme
- Geschichte der Klassifikationssysteme
Geschichte der Kataloge
-
Zedelmaier, H.: Bibliotheca universalis und bibliotheca selecta : das Problem der Ordnung des gelehrten Wissens in der frühen Neuzeit (1992)
0.07
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- Abstract
- Die beiden Leitbegriffe des Titels - Buchtitel zugleich einschlägiger Werke - bezeichnen eine Alternative in der frühneuzeitlichen Speicherung und Vermittlung von Wissen: die möglichst umfassende Thesaurierung überkommener Wissensbestände beziehungsweise ihre kritische Sichtung und Auswahl unter bestimmten Relevanzgesichtspunkten. Der eine Titel stammt von dem Zürcher Polyhistor Konrad Gessner, der andere von dem Jesuiten Antonio Possevino. Voraussetzung beider Unternehmen ist der Buchdruck, der etwa hundert Jahre nach seiner Erfindung in bis dahin unerhörtem Ausmaß Schrifttradition zugänglich gemacht hat, aber durch die schiere Quantität zunehmend Strategien zu ihrer Sicherung und Nutzbarmachung verlangt. Der Bibliotheca universalis wie der Bibliotheca selecta geht es um Orientierung in einem immer unübersichtlicheren Bestand schriftlich tradierten Wissens, der den Wissensfortschritt zu behindern droht. Beide haben also nicht wissenschaftliche Erkenntnis selbst, sondern ihre Vermittlung zum Ziel, und sie wollen kein System des Wißbaren entwerfen, sondern auf der Basis hergebrachter Ordnungen des Wissens den Leser dazu anleiten, sich in jenem Bestand zurechtzufinden. Es ist ein erster Vorzug dieser Münchner Dissertation, daß sie dieses Problem rekonstruiert, so daß das frühneuzeitliche Projekt der Bibliothek nicht mehr am falschen Maßstab der Enzyklopädie als Summe des Wißbaren gemessen wird.
- BK
- 02.01 Geschichte der Wissenschaft und Kultur
- Classification
- 02.01 Geschichte der Wissenschaft und Kultur
All E 69 Ordnungskategorien der Wissenschaften
- RSWK
- Wissen / Ordnung / Geschichte 1500-1800
Klassifikation / Bibliothek / Geschichte 1540-1700
- SBB
- All E 69 Ordnungskategorien der Wissenschaften
- Subject
- Wissen / Ordnung / Geschichte 1500-1800
Klassifikation / Bibliothek / Geschichte 1540-1700
- Theme
- Geschichte der Klassifikationssysteme
-
Capelle, I.: Vergleich zwischen Wissenschaftsklassifikationen einzelner Philosophen (Bacon, d'Alembert, Hegel, Rickert und Wundt) und der Allgemeinen Systematik für Büchereien (ASB) (1961)
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- Theme
- Geschichte der Klassifikationssysteme
-
Fuchs, W.: Zur Theorie und Praxis des Realkatalogs : Untersuchungen über wissenschaftliche Bibliotheksordnung. Zugleich ein Beitrag zur Theorie des Sach- und Fachbibliographie. Bd.1-2. Ergbd.: Optimale Klassifikation und Notation. Grundgedanken und geschichtliche Materialien (1941-58)
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- Theme
- Geschichte der Klassifikationssysteme
Geschichte der Kataloge
-
Engelien, G.: ¬Der Begriff der Klassifikation (1971)
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- Content
- 1. Wortgeschichte, Terminologie - 2. Überblick über die zitierte Literatur - 3. Klassifikatorische Elementarprinzipien - 3.1 Die Psychologie betreffend - 3.2 Die Logik betreffend - 3.3 Die Philosophie betreffend (h.a. bibl. KS) - 3.4 Die Sprachwissenschaft betreffend - 3.5 Die Ähnlichkeit - 3.6 Die Relation - 4. Angewandte Klassifikation - 5. Automatische Klassifikation - 6. Darstellung
- Series
- Forschungsberichte des Instituts für Kommunikationsforschung und Phonetik der Universität Bonn; Bd.36
- Theme
- Geschichte der Klassifikationssysteme
-
Sveistrup, H.: ¬Der neue Realkatalog der SUB Hamburg (1947)
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- Footnote
- Einer der lesenswertesten Beiträge in der Geschichte der Sacherschließung im deutschen Bibliothekswesen; enthält Situationsbeschreibung der SUB Hamburg im Jahr 1946 und Vorschläge für die Neugestaltung eines systematischen Erschließungssystems. - Vgl. auch spätere Beiträge von E. Zimmermann u. H. Vollmer
- Source
- Probleme des Wiederaufbaus im wissenschaftlichen Bibliothekswesen: aus d. Verhandlungen des 1. Bibliothekartagung der britischen Zone in Hamburg vom 22.-24.10.1946
- Theme
- Geschichte der Klassifikationssysteme
Geschichte der Sacherschließung
-
Lorenz, B.: Systematische Aufstellung in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart (2002)
0.05
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- Abstract
- Bibliothekarische Sacherschließung stellt zunächst eine praktische Aufgabe dar. Gleichwohl sollte bibliothekarische Sacherschließung als Ganzes und in einem wesentlichen Teilbereich wie der Systematischen Freihandaufstellung auch in ihrer historischen Entwicklung und Bedeutung gesehen werden. Ein bedeutender Aspekt bleibt die notwendige Einordnung in das größere Umfeld, vor allem der Bibliotheksgeschichte, aber auch der Wissenschaftsgeschichte. Schwerpunkte bilden hier die Geschichte der Dezimalmethode mit den Teilbereichen UDK und DDC und die Nachkriegsgeschichte der klassifikatorischen Erschließung an wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken Deutschlands, einschließlich der neuen Entwicklung der Verbundarbeit in der Klassifikation. Bedeutend sind weiter die Beispiele für den Vergleich von Aufstellungsklassifikationen als Annäherung an eine zu entwickelnde Methodik. Dabei stellen sich auch Fragen des Inhalts ausgewählter Klassifikationssysteme in historischer Betrachtung. Dies entspricht bereits dem Bibliotheksplan 73, der immerhin Fragen der Bibliotheksgeschichte und der Klassifikation zu den genuinen Bereichen bibliothekswissenschaftlicher Forschung rechnet.
- Classification
- AN 75000 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Sacherschließung in Bibliotheken / Allgemeines
AN 75100 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Sacherschließung in Bibliotheken / Systematischer Katalog
- Date
- 22. 3.2008 17:56:19
- Footnote
- Rez. in Mitt. VÖB 56(2003) H.3/4, S. 81-82 (I. Müller): "Ein Blick in die Vergangenheit kann hilfreich für das Verständnis der Gegenwart und die Einschätzung der Zukunft sein (Berhard Fabian) - Nach diesem Motto betrachtet B. Lorenz die bibliothekarische Sacherschließung im gesamten und stellt sie aus der Sicht der historischen Entwicklung und Bedeutung dar. Es geht ihm darum, historische Kenntnisse zu nutzen, um Erfahrungen nachzuvollziehen und Fehler weitgehend zu vermeiden bzw. zu minimieren. So bildet die Einordnung in das größere Umfeld der Bibliotheksgeschichte und der Wissenschaftsgeschichte einen wesentlichen Faktor. Dies erfolgt in Verbindung mit wissenschaftlichen Fragestellungen, da der Autor darauf aufbaut, dass die Wissenschaftsgeschichte eine wesentliche Grundlage einer reflektierenden Inhaltserschließungsdiskussion darstellt. Das Werk liefert daher historische Beispiele für die Bedeutung und Definition bibliothekarischer Aufstellungsklassifikationen ebenso wie Grundüberlegungen zur Systematischen Aufstellung einschließlich besonderer Anforderungen und Berücksichtigung von Problemen anhand von Beispielen aus Theorie und Praxis. Das Kapitel über die Geschichte der Systematischen Freihandaufstellung liefert daher Beispiele aus Klosterbibliotheken des Mittelalters bis hin zum Bereich der Privatbibliotheken von Ärzten späterer Zeit. Wichtige internationale Klassifikationen sowie Neuentwicklungen an neueren deutschen Universitätsbibliotheken versieht der Autor allerdings mit kritischen Anmerkungen betreffend die Unterschiede innerhalb von Systematiken. Dem folgt eine Gegenüberstellung von Aufstellungssystematiken bzw. Beispielen für den Vergleich von Aufstellungsklassifikationen. B. Lorenz beweist in seinen "Notizen" als "Wechselspiel" deutlich, wie untrennbar die Geschichte der bibliothekarischen Sacherschließung von der Geschichte der Wissenschaften ist. Letztendlich kommt der Autor übereinstimmend mit Klara Erdei zu dem Schluß, "dass der Online-Katalog nicht den Untergang sondern eher eine Renaissance der bibliothekarischen Klassifikation mit sich bringen kann: eine noch benutzerfreundlichere, vielseitigere Realisierung der systematischen Erschließung und Suche". Das vorliegende Werk ist keine technische Auflistung von formalen, pragmatischen oder strukturellen Fragen und es ist auch keine weitere Darstellung des Wesens der Systematik. Vielmehr ist es dem Autor erfolgreich gelungen, den Fragen der hierarchisch höchst- bzw. hochstehenden Gliederungen und des Inhalts ausgewählter Klassifikationssysteme in historischer Betrachtung nachzugehen."
- RSWK
- Wissenschaftliche Bibliothek / Systematische Aufstellung / Geschichte
Systematische Aufstellung / Geschichte 1000-2002 (BVB)
- RVK
- AN 75000 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Sacherschließung in Bibliotheken / Allgemeines
AN 75100 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Sacherschließung in Bibliotheken / Systematischer Katalog
- Series
- Beiträge zum Buch- und Bibliothekswesen; Bd.45
- Subject
- Wissenschaftliche Bibliothek / Systematische Aufstellung / Geschichte
Systematische Aufstellung / Geschichte 1000-2002 (BVB)
- Theme
- Geschichte der Klassifikationssysteme
-
Koch, M.: ¬Das Wissen der Welt : vor 300 Jahren wurde der Mathematiker und Enzyklopädist Jean-Baptiste le Rond d'Alembert geboren (2017)
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- Abstract
- Bis heute findet sich der Name des französischen Gelehrten und Mathematikers Jean-Baptiste le Rond d'Alembert in vielen Geschichtsbüchern. Das hat vor allem einen Grund: Gemeinsam mit dem Philosophen Denis Diderot gab d'Alembert eines der wichtigsten Werke der Aufklärung heraus. Dessen etwas ausladender Titel lautet: »Enzyklopädie oder ein durchdachtes Wörterbuch der Wissenschaften, Künste und Handwerke«. Ziel der Herausgeber war es, »ein allgemeines Bild der Anstrengungen des menschlichen Geistes auf allen Gebieten und in allen Jahrhunderten zu entwerfen«. An der Abfassung der mehr als 70 000 Enzyklopädie-Artikel beteiligte sich fast die gesamte geistige Elite Frankreichs, darunter Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Voltaire und Montesquieu. Der erste Band erschien 1751 und enthielt ein viel beachtetes Vorwort von d'Alembert, der gelegentlich erklärte: Das Wissen der Menschheit stamme nicht von einem Monarchen oder aus Rom, sondern vom individuellen Sinn und Verstand. Erwartungsgemäß stand der französische König Ludwig XV. dem Werk ebenso ablehnend gegenüber wie Papst Clemens XIII., der die Enzyklopädie 1759 auf den Index der verbotenen Bücher setzen ließ. Doch alle Versuche, den Fortgang des Projekts zu verhindern, scheiterten. Zuletzt umfasste das aufklärerische Mammutwerk 35 Bände; den Schluss bildete 1780 ein zweibändiges Register.
- Field
- Wissenschaftstheorie
- Source
- Neues Deutschland. 2017, S.26 [https://www.neues-deutschland.de/artikel/1069694.das-wissen-der-welt.html]
- Theme
- Geschichte der Klassifikationssysteme
-
Totok, W.: Wissensordnung und Ordnungswissen zwischen Renaissance und Aufklärung (1980)
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- Abstract
- Es wird der Wissensbegriff und das Ordnungswissen, wie es sich aus der aristotelisch-thomistischen Tradition herleitete mit den Auffassungen über Wissensformen, wie sie bei Hobbes, Locke und anderen Autoren der beginnenden Neuzeit bestehen, in Verbindung gebracht und am Beispiel der Klassifikationsversuche von Bacon, Descartes, Leibniz, Locke und Hobbes untersucht, in welchem Maße der Methodendualismus von Empirismus und Rationalismus in die Klassifikationsmomente eingeht, wieweit zugleich auch wissenschaftsgeschichtliche, wissenssoziologische, gesellschaftspolitische und wissenschaftsorganisatorische Faktoren auf die Klassifikation einwirken, welche verschiedenen Ansätze zu einer Wissensordnung unternommen wurden in einer Epoche, die nicht unwesentlich die weitere Wissenschaftsentwicklung bestimmt hat
- Source
- Wissensstrukturen und Ordnungsmuster. Proc. der 4. Fachtagung der Gesellschaft für Klassifikation, Salzburg, 16.-19.4.1980. Red.: W. Dahlberg
- Theme
- Geschichte der Klassifikationssysteme
-
Dahlberg, I.: Einheitsklassifikation (1979)
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- Series
- Beiträge zum Buch- und Bibliothekswesen; Bd.17
- Source
- Bestandserschließung und Bibliotheksstruktur: Rolf Kluth zum 10.2.1979. Hrsg.: R. Alsheimer
- Theme
- Geschichte der Klassifikationssysteme
-
Wimmer, F.: ¬Die internationale Dezimalklassifikation : Betrachtungen zu ihrer Entstehungsgeschichte und Aktualität (1985)
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- Theme
- Geschichte der Klassifikationssysteme
-
Grunwald, W.: Klassifikationstheorie (1968)
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- Footnote
- Bei diesem Beitrag handelt es sich um die gedruckte Fassung eines Vortrages vor dem Bibliothekartag, mit dem der Verfasser versuchte, deutschen Biubliothekaren die internationale Entwicklung auf diesem Gebiet näher zu bringen. Es hätte der Anfang für eine neue Entwicklung der deutschen bibliothekarischen Sacherschließung sein können, hätte ...
- Source
- Zeitschrift für Bibliothekswesen und Bibliographie. 15(1968), S.17-34
- Theme
- Geschichte der Sacherschließung
Geschichte der Klassifikationssysteme
