Search (15 results, page 1 of 1)

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Abstract

In diesem allgemein gehaltenen Buch werden über den engeren Bereich Bibliothek hinausgehende Aspekte des Umganges mit Information diskutiert, die Rückwirkungen auf die Anforderungen haben, die man an Bibliotheken zukünftig stellen wird

Classification

Soz B 91 / Informationssoziologie
Soz B 91 / Gesellschaft
Soz B 91 / Informationsgesellschaft

RSWK

Information / Gesellschaft (SWB, BVB)

SBB

Soz B 91 / Informationssoziologie
Soz B 91 / Gesellschaft
Soz B 91 / Informationsgesellschaft

Subject

Information / Gesellschaft (SWB, BVB)

Theme

Information

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Classification

Buc A 91 / Schriftlichkeit
Kul A 89 Neue Medien

LCSH

Information theory / History

RSWK

Information (ÖVK)

SBB

Buc A 91 / Schriftlichkeit
Kul A 89 Neue Medien

Subject

Information (ÖVK)
Information theory / History

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Abstract

The debate on Facebook raises questions about the use and users of this information service. This collected volume gathers a broad spectrum of social science and information science articles about Facebook.Facebook has many facets, and we just look forward above all to the use and users. The facet of users has sub-facets, such as different age, sex, and culture. The facet of use consists of sub-facets of privacy behavior after the Snowden affair, dealing with friends, unfriending and becoming unfriended on Facebook, and possible Facebook addiction. We also consider Facebook as a source for local temporary history and respond to acceptance and quality perceptions of this social network service, as well. This book brings together all the contributions of research facets on Facebook. It is a much needed compilation written by leading scholars in the fields of investigation of the impact of Web 2.0. The target groups are social media researchers, information scientists and social scientists, and also all those who take to Facebook topics.

Series

Knowledge and information

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Abstract

How sharing the mundane details of daily life did not start with Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube but with pocket diaries, photo albums, and baby books. Social critiques argue that social media have made us narcissistic, that Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube are all vehicles for me-promotion. In The Qualified Self, Lee Humphreys offers a different view. She shows that sharing the mundane details of our lives?what we ate for lunch, where we went on vacation, who dropped in for a visit?didn't begin with mobile devices and social media. People have used media to catalog and share their lives for several centuries. Pocket diaries, photo albums, and baby books are the predigital precursors of today's digital and mobile platforms for posting text and images. The ability to take selfies has not turned us into needy narcissists; it's part of a longer story about how people account for everyday life. Humphreys refers to diaries in which eighteenth-century daily life is documented with the brevity and precision of a tweet, and cites a nineteenth-century travel diary in which a young woman complains that her breakfast didn't agree with her. Diaries, Humphreys explains, were often written to be shared with family and friends. Pocket diaries were as mobile as smartphones, allowing the diarist to record life in real time. Humphreys calls this chronicling, in both digital and nondigital forms, media accounting. The sense of self that emerges from media accounting is not the purely statistics-driven ?quantified self,? but the more well-rounded qualified self. We come to understand ourselves in a new way through the representations of ourselves that we create to be consumed.

LCSH

Information technology / Social aspects
Information technology / Social aspects

Subject

Information technology / Social aspects
Information technology / Social aspects

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Abstract

Social media connected the world--and gave rise to fake news and increasing polarization. Now a leading researcher at MIT draws on 20 years of research to show how these trends threaten our political, economic, and emotional health in this eye-opening exploration of the dark side of technological progress. Today we have the ability, unprecedented in human history, to amplify our interactions with each other through social media. It is paramount, MIT social media expert Sinan Aral says, that we recognize the outsized impact social media has on our culture, our democracy, and our lives in order to steer today's social technology toward good, while avoiding the ways it can pull us apart. Otherwise, we could fall victim to what Aral calls "The Hype Machine." As a senior researcher of the longest-running study of fake news ever conducted, Aral found that lies spread online farther and faster than the truth--a harrowing conclusion that was featured on the cover of Science magazine. Among the questions Aral explores following twenty years of field research: Did Russian interference change the 2016 election? And how is it affecting the vote in 2020? Why does fake news travel faster than the truth online? How do social ratings and automated sharing determine which products succeed and fail? How does social media affect our kids? First, Aral links alarming data and statistics to three accelerating social media shifts: hyper-socialization, personalized mass persuasion, and the tyranny of trends. Next, he grapples with the consequences of the Hype Machine for elections, businesses, dating, and health. Finally, he maps out strategies for navigating the Hype Machine, offering his singular guidance for managing social media to fulfill its promise going forward. Rarely has a book so directly wrestled with the secret forces that drive the news cycle every day"

Content

Inhalt: Pandemics, Promise, and Peril -- The New Social Age -- The End of Reality -- The Hype Machine -- Your Brain on Social Media -- A Network's Gravity is Proportional to Its Mass -- Personalized Mass Persuasion -- Hypersocialization -- Strategies for a Hypersocialized World -- The Attention Economy and the Tyranny of Trends -- The Wisdom and Madness of Crowds -- Social Media's Promise Is Also Its Peril -- Building a Better Hype Machine.

LCSH

Information society

Subject

Information society

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Abstract

Ebenso wie Astronomen das Phänomen der Schwarzen Löcher zu erklären versuchen, setzen sich Philosophen, Soziologen, Informationswissenschaftler und Informatiker mit der Informations- und Wissensgesellschaft auseinander. Ebenso wie niemand so richtig weiß, was in den Schwarzen Löchern tatsächlich passiert, weiß auch niemand so richtig, was die Essentials einer Informations- und Wissensgesellschaft sind. Wir können noch nicht einmal sagen, ob wir bereits in einer Informationsgesellschaft leben oder ob wir noch auf dem Weg dahin sind. Welchen Sinn macht dann eine Wissensgesellschaft? Bei näherer Betrachtung gibt es eine Parallele zu den Schwarzen Löchern und einer irgendwie gestalteten Informations- und Wissensgesellschaft: Beide Phänomene "verschlingen" Ressourcen, sind unersättlich und niemand weiß, so richtig wohin alles "verschwindet". Wolfgang Ratzek wählt diese Metapher, um zu zeigen, dass wir von einer Informations- und Wissensgesellschaft noch sehr weit entfernt sind; stattdessen hat sich eine IT-gestützte Informationsund Wissensindustrie etabliert. Mit immer neuen Entwicklungen werden wir in das feinmaschige Netz eingebunden. Auf äußerst geschickte Art und Weise bringen wir uns - unter Anleitung der Informations- und Wissensindustrie - in eine gewisse Abhängigkeit. Wir vergessen dabei unser eigentliches Ziel: den sinnvollen Umgang mit Information und Wissen. Am Ende müssen wir dann zweierlei feststellen: Wir erkennen, dass wir der Entwicklung - trotz hoher Investitionen an Geld und Teampower - hinterherhinken und, das ist wohl die bitterste Erkenntnis, dass die Versprechen, mit denen wir in die IT-Welt gelockt worden sind, nicht eingelöst wurden: Statt der versprochenen Eindämmung der Datenflut leiden wir unter dieser-statt eines Wissensvorsprungs leiden wir an einer Wissensarmut. Es wird höchste Zeit, so die Kernthese des Autors, der Informationswelt ein Gesicht zu geben, weil immer noch Menschen und nicht Computer verantwortlich für den Zustand unserer Welt tragen. Es ist höchste Zeit, dass die Information Professionals in der Informationsvermittlung erkennen, dass Dienst am Kunden auch Nähe zum Kunden bedeutet.

Footnote

Rez. in: Information - Wissenschaft & Praxis 56(2005) H.3, S.205 (E. Simon): "Wenn eine ältere Dame, so ab 50 aufwärts einen der großen Mediamärkte in Berlin wie z.B. Mediamarkt oder Saturn mit einem bestimmten Wunsch aufsucht, dessen Formulierung aber nicht auf profundem informationstechnologischem Wissen beruht, dann fällt sie entweder in ein schwarzes Loch oder sie hat den großen Wunsch, falls sie etwas furchtsam ist, dass sich ein großes schwarzes Loch auftut, in dem sie verschwinden kann. In den meisten Fällen wird sie ohne das gewünschte Produkt mit dem leichten Gefühl der Verzweiflung diese informationstechnologischen Kundentempel verlassen. Diese schwarzen Löcher hat der Autor mit seiner Titelwahl nicht gemeint, obwohl "im Sog der Informations- und Wissensindustrie" schon die Hilflosigkeit diese Gefühls trifft, sondern es geht ihm um die Kreation eines Schemas für die Verortung von Informationswissenschaft und Informationswirtschaft. Ratzek stellt fest, dass Informationsarbeit zu einem Ouasi-Monopol von Programmierern, Netzwerkingenieuren und - möchten wir hinzufügen - von unwissenden arroganten Verkäufern und Beratern mutiert, wobei die Leistungen der Informationsfachleute wie Bibliothekaren und der sogenannten Information Professionals zu einer Nebensächlichkeit verkommen. Die Arbeit der Informationsfachleute versteckt sich hinter dem, was der Verfasser "Informatikmimikry" nennt mit den Folgen Entmündigung - das können andere viel besser - und letztendlich Verlust des Image. Diesem können die BID-Professionen nur durch Kampagnen für die Public Awareness begegnen, wie sie in dem vom Autor herausgegebenen Buch Spielball Bibliotheken (Berlin 2004) dargestellt wurden. Außerordentlich erschwerend für die Entwicklung des Faches ist aber, dass alles, "Daten, Information und Wissen in einen Topf geworden wird" und dieser Eintopf dann als "Information" oder, weil es gerade angesagt ist, als "Wissen" serviert wird. Daher lässt Ratzek sich nicht darauf ein, den Gegensatz oder die Kongruenz zwischen Information und Wissen näher zu definieren, wie es z.B. in der angelsächsischen Literatur vorherrschend war und immer noch ist, wenn auch damit eine mehr auf case work oder Managementaufgaben im angelsächsischen Sinne gerichtete Blickrichtung gemeint ist, wie es z.B. in dem ausgezeichnet einsetzbaren Buch von Angela Abell und Nigel Oxbrow: Competing with Knowledge, The Information professional in the Knowledge Management Age. (tfpl/LA 1999) deutlich wird. Der Ansatz von Ratzek ist wissenschaftlich und dabei transdisziplinär. Er gibt nicht nur einen profunden Überblick über den Stand der Informationswissenschaft als Ausbildungsdisziplin, sondern er zieht auch die Entwicklungslinien z.B. zu den Grundlagen der Semiotik als Basis unserer durch das Icon beherrschten Informationsumwelt. Er setzt sich auch mit der Theorienbildung durch Gernot Wersig und Rainer Kuhlen auseinander und man würde sich diese knappen und präzisen Ausführungen in die Köpfe mancher Politiker wünschen, die heute noch einem diffusen Bildungsbegriff nachhängen, ohne die dafür notwendige Informationsinfrastruktur im Blick zu haben: So zitiert Ratzek nach Wersig:
1. in wörtlicher Bedeutung heißt Information also das Versehen von etwas in einer Form, Gestaltgebung 2. in übertragenem Sinne heißt Information genau das gleiche wie unser Wort Bildung welches gleichfalls übertragen gebraucht wird... informatio als Bildung differenziert sich nun wieder in zwei Unterbedeutungen: a) Bildung durch Unterrichtung aa) informatio als Vorgang und ab) informatio als Ergebnis Zur Problematik zwischen Information und Wissen führt er auch die US-Zukunftsforscher Matthias Horx und den alten weisen Josef Weizenbaum an. Dessen scharfe und pointierte Kritik an der Internet-Euphorie liest man heute noch mit Vergnügen. Damit wird einer allzu simplen nationalen Zuweisungen von Vorlieben für Informationswirtschaft als "typisch amerikanisch" und allen kritiklosen Adepten einer Computergläubigkeit eine Absage erteilt. (S.41/42). Es ist erstaunlich, dass es Ratzek gelingt, den thematischen Umfang des Buches in nur drei großen Abschnitten unterzubringen, die er Teil A: Grundlagen, Teil B: Techniksynopse und Teil C: Visionen nennt. Die unter diesen Teilen aufgeführten Kapitel folgen ohne Abweichungen den vorgegebenen Themen. Die knapp gehaltenen Zusammenfassungen werden von sehr klaren und anschaulichen Grafiken unterstrichen. Um diese sehr stringente Einteilung nicht zu unterbrechen, gibt es bisweilen Exkurse, die kleine historische oder auch philosophische Ausflüge erlauben. Dies ist notwendig, denn Ratzek versucht nicht nur die von ihm vorgegebene Problematik immer wieder aufzunehmen, sondern er will diese auch auf allen Feldern der Informationstechnologie exemplifizieren. Dazu gehören nicht nur die Informationstechnologie und ihre diversen Apparate sowie die Netzwerke wie Telefon und Fernsehen, die letztendlich zu dem immer wieder durchscheinenden Credo des Autors führen: "...weil es eine Pflicht für Informationswissenschaftler ist, zu denen der Autor gehört, diesen Unterschied zu erkennen und darauf hinzuweisen, dass nicht die Informatisierung der Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft das Ziel sein kann, sondern der sinnvolle Umgang mit Information und Wissen." (S.177)
Anzumerken ist noch, dass zwei immer wiederkehrende Probleme der Textgestaltung sehr kreativ gelöst wurden. Weibliche und männliche Form werden abwechselnd gebraucht und damit z.B. das schreckliche Wort BürgerInnen oder ähnliche Bezeichnungen vermieden. Ouellenangaben aus dem Internet und aus Zeitungen erscheinen nur als Fußnoten und werden nicht weiter aufgeführt. Das ist der Flüchtigkeit dieser Information geschuldet. Es kann nachahmenswert sein. Aber man hätte dem Text doch die spitze Feder eines Germanisten gegönnt. Jeder, der sich mit dem Gebiet und dem Thema beschäftigt, weiß, dass sich Anglizismen nicht vermeiden lassen. Wie soll man schon human factor oder information overload übersetzen? Aber ein "wahrnehmbares Feature" muss wirklich nicht sein, und warum lässt sich nicht etwas 'überbieten', was hier im Text mit "sogar noch toppen" ausgedrückt ist. Dies mindert einwenig die Lesefreude in diesem ausgezeichnet informierenden und fundiert geschriebenen Kompendium, das man allen Informationsfachleuten und besonders auch Studenten in die Hand wünscht. Vielleicht sollte die DGI eine Übersetzung erwägen, damit die Informationswissenschaft und ihr deutscher Beitrag auch international wahrgenommen werden. Das Buch füllt auf diesem Gebiet als knappes, aber umfassendes Kompendium eine Lücke."

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Content

Seb Franklin sets out a media theory of racial capitalism to examine digitality's racial-capitalist foundations. The Digitally Disposed shows how the promises of boundless connection, flexibility, and prosperity that are often associated with digital technologies are grounded in racialized histories of dispossession and exploitation. Reading archival and published material from the cybernetic sciences alongside nineteenth-century accounts of intellectual labor, twentieth-century sociometric experiments, and a range of literary and visual works, The Digitally Disposed locates the deep history of digitality in the development of racial capitalism. Franklin makes the groundbreaking argument that capital's apparently spontaneous synthesis of so-called free individuals into productive circuits represents an 'informatics of value'.On the one hand, understanding value as an informatic relation helps to explain why capital was able to graft so seamlessly with digitality at a moment in which it required more granular and distributed control over labor, the moment that is often glossed as the age of logistics. On the other hand, because the informatics of value sort populations into positions of higher and lower capacity, value, and status, understanding their relationship to digitality requires that we see the digital as racialized and gendered in pervasive ways. Ultimately, The Digitally Disposed questions the universalizing assumptions that are maintained, remade, and intensified by today's dominant digital technologies. Vital and far-reaching, The Digitally Disposed reshapes such fundamental concepts as cybernetics, informatics, and digitality.

LCSH

Information technology / Social aspects

Subject

Information technology / Social aspects

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Abstract

Cyberscience will be different from traditional science. For two decades already, the scholarly community has witnessed a considerable increase in the use of information and communication technologies (ICT). As opposed to "traditional" science that does without networked computers, the notion of "cyberscience" captures the use of these ICT-based applications and services for scientific purposes. The basic assumption of this study is that ICT use impacts on the basic parameters of how academia is organised, of how it functions, and of what it produces. This book describes and analyses the use of ICT in the academic world; it explains the status quo based on an analytical model; it draws a realistic and differentiated picture of probable future developments; it assesses the impact of ICT on various aspects of academic activity and on the substance of research; and it discusses the implications for research policy and the steering mechanisms within the scholarly organisations. The overall conclusion is that we are in midstream of a forceful development. Cyberscience is already taking place, but will develop its full shape and potentials only later. The new media have only just begun to play a central role in a large array of scholarly activities, and in regard to the institutional setting. Not only academic communication in the narrow sense, but also the distribution of knowledge and, most importantly, even knowledge production are affected. Hence, the impact of ICT can hardly be underrated.

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Date

12. 2.2022 17:28:22

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Abstract

The social dynamics of alternative facts: why what you believe depends on who you know. Why should we care about having true beliefs? And why do demonstrably false beliefs persist and spread despite bad, even fatal, consequences for the people who hold them? Philosophers of science Cailin OConnor and James Weatherall argue that social factors, rather than individual psychology, are whats essential to understanding the spread and persistence of false beliefs. It might seem that theres an obvious reason that true beliefs matter: false beliefs will hurt you. But if thats right, then why is it (apparently) irrelevant to many people whether they believe true things or not? The Misinformation Age, written for a political era riven by fake news, alternative facts, and disputes over the validity of everything from climate change to the size of inauguration crowds, shows convincingly that what you believe depends on who you know. If social forces explain the persistence of false belief, we must understand how those forces work in order to fight misinformation effectively.

Theme

Information

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LCSH

Information networks
Information society

Subject

Information networks
Information society

Theme

Information

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LCSH

Information technology ; Social aspects
Information society

Subject

Information technology ; Social aspects
Information society

Theme

Information

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Abstract

The realm of the digital offers both new methods of research and new objects of study. Because the digital environment for scholarship is constantly evolving, researchers must sometimes improvise, change their plans, and adapt. These details are often left out of research write-ups, leaving newcomers to the field frustrated when their approaches do not work as expected. Digital Research Confidential offers scholars a chance to learn from their fellow researchers' mistakes -- and their successes. The book -- a follow-up to Eszter Hargittai's widely read Research Confidential -- presents behind-the-scenes, nuts-and-bolts stories of digital research projects, written by established and rising scholars. They discuss such challenges as archiving, Web crawling, crowdsourcing, and confidentiality. They do not shrink from specifics, describing such research hiccups as an ethnographic interview so emotionally draining that afterward the researcher retreated to a bathroom to cry, and the seemingly simple research question about Wikipedia that mushroomed into years of work on millions of data points. Digital Research Confidential will be an essential resource for scholars in every field.

Content

Preface How to think about digital research / Christian Sandvig and Eszter Hargittai -- "How local is user-generated content" : a 9,000+ word essay on answering a five-word research question" : or how we learned to stop worrying (or worry less) and love the diverse challenges of our fast-moving, geographically-flavored interdisciplinary research area / Darren Gergle and Brent Hecht -- Flash mobs and the social life of public spaces : analyzing online visual data to study new forms of sociability / Virag Molnar and Aron Hsiao -- Social software as social science / Eric Gilbert and Karrie Karahalios -- Hired hands and dubious guesses : adventures in crowdsourced data collection / Aaron Shaw -- Making sense of teen life : strategies for capturing ethnographic data in a networked era / Danah Boyd -- When should we use real names in published accounts of internet research? / Amy Bruckman, Kurt Luther, and Casey Fiesler -- The art of web crawling for social science research / Michelle Shumate and Matthew Weber -- The ethnographic study of visual culture in the age of digitization / Paul Leonardi -- Read/write the digital archive: strategies for historical web research / Megan Sapnar Ankerson -- Big data, big problems, big opportunities : using internet log data to conduct social network analysis research / Brooke Foucault Welles -- Contributors -- References -- Index.

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Footnote

Rez. in: Spektrum der Wissenschaft 2019, H.4, S.92-93 (A. Lobe): "Der Autor hat eine theoretisch fundierte, kenntnisreiche und methodisch saubere Dissertation vorgelegt, die den Lesern die politische Dimension des Datensammelns vor Augen führt ... . Mülling hat mehrere Jahre an der Schnittstelle von Informatik und Politikwissenschaft geforscht ... . Im theoretischen Teil wären noch etwas mehr Verweise auf Nachbardisziplinen wie die Medienwissenschaft wünschenswert gewesen, wo der italienische Medientheoretiker und Philosoph Matteo Pasquinelli mit seinem Aufsatz zur »Gesellschaft der Metadaten« ein Grundlagenkonzept erarbeitet hat. Auch das Konzept des digitalen Ungehorsams wirkt in der Gesamtschau etwas unterspezifiziert. Müllings Dissertation ist dennoch ein wichtiger Debattenbeitrag, der sich wohltuend vom Jargon der Politikwissenschaft abhebt und einem interessierten Fachpublikum empfohlen werden kann."

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Content

MARCEL MACHILL / MARKUS BEILER / MARTIN ZENKER: Suchmaschinenforschung. Überblick und Systematisierung eines interdisziplinären Forschungsfeldes TEIL 1: SUCHMASCHINENREGULIERUNG UND -ÖKONOMIE URS GASSER / JAMES THURMAN: Themen und Herausforderungen der Regulierung von Suchmaschinen NORBERT SCHNEIDER: Die Notwendigkeit der Suchmaschinenregulierung aus Sicht eines Regulierers WOLFGANG SCHULZ / THORSTEN HELD: Der Index auf dem Index? Selbstzensur und Zensur bei Suchmaschinen BORIS ROTENBERG: Towards Personalised Search: EU Data Protection Law and its Implications for Media Pluralism ELIZABETH VAN COUVERING: The Economy of Navigation: Search Engines, Search Optimisation and Search Results THEO RÖHLE: Machtkonzepte in der Suchmaschinenforschung TEIL 2: SUCHMASCHINEN UND JOURNALISMUS VINZENZ WYSS / GUIDO KEEL: Google als Trojanisches Pferd? Konsequenzen der Internet-Recherche von Journalisten für die journalistische Qualität NIC NEWMAN: Search Strategies and Activities of BBC News Interactive JÖRG SADROZINSKI: Suchmaschinen und öffentlich-rechtlicher Onlinejournalismus am Beispiel tagesschau.de HELMUT MARTIN-JUNG: Suchmaschinen und Qualitätsjournalismus PHILIP GRAF DÖNHOFF / CHRISTIAN BARTELS: Online-Recherche bei NETZEITUNG.DE SUSAN KEITH: Searching for News Headlines: Connections between Unresolved Hyperlinking Issues and a New Battle over Copyright Online AXEL BUNDENTHAL: Suchmaschinen als Herausforderung für Archive und Dokumentationsbereiche am Beispiel des ZDF BENJAMIN PETERS: The Search Engine Democracy: Metaphors and Muhammad