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Abstract

Im Zeitalter der elektronischen Medien ist "Information" zu einem schillernden Schlagwort geworden. Sie legt die Basis für Entscheidungsprozesse und bestimmt unser Denken und Handeln. Doch was ist Information und wie funktioniert sie? Das Buch stellt das Thema erstmals aus der Sicht der Informationstheorie, der Wahrnehmung, des Denkens und der Sprache dar. Auf interdisziplinärer Ebene wird der Informationsbegriff erarbeitet. Wie erlangen Daten Sinn und Bedeutung? Das Werk behandelt die Natur der Informationsflüsse und diskutiert die Rolle des Kontextes. Zahlreiche Beispiele und Abbildungen unterstützen die Erläuterungen. Anhand des Japanischen wird der dramatische Einfluß des sprachlichen Kontextes auf die inhaltliche Interpretation verdeutlicht. Der Leser erhält Einblicke in die Mechanismen der Informationsflüsse und kann damit rascher die richtigen Entscheidungen treffen. Er vermeidet Mißverständnisse, indem er die Rolle des Zusammenhangs in seinen Denkprozessen beachtet.

Content

Absolute und relative Perspektiven: Die Sterne des Orion; Babylonische Informationsverwirrungen; Eine Navigationshilfe.- Information: Informationsparadigmen; Information in der Nachrichtentechnik; Signale, Daten, Information und Wissen; Information und Bedeutung.- Konnektionistische Modelle: Ein konnektionistisches Informationsmodell; Informationsfluß im Netzmodell.- Wissen: Definition von Wissen; Klassifizierung von Wissen; Wissensrepräsentation.- Wahrnehmung und Denken: Kognition; Paradigmen und Modelle; Wahrnehmung; Kognitive Systeme und Kontext; Denken.- Kontext: Was ist Kontext?; Eine Kontext-Metapher; Die Logik und HOLMES; Das Konzept ist(c, p).- Sprache: Die sprachliche Dimension; Struktur der Sprache; Sprache als Medium der Information; Sprache und Kontext 1: Air Traffic Control; Sprache und Kontext 2: Japanisch. - Enthält Abschnitte zu: Kommunikation; Medien; Medienwissenschaft; Kognitionswissenschaft; Informatik; Wirtschaft

Date

22. 3.2008 14:53:43

RSWK

Information / Kognitionswissenschaft
Information / Wissen / Kognition / Kommunikation (BVB)

Subject

Information / Kognitionswissenschaft
Information / Wissen / Kognition / Kommunikation (BVB)

Theme

Information

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Abstract

In the past fifty years scientists have begun to discover how the human brain functions. In this book Wilder Penfield, whose work has been at the forefront of such research, describes the current state of knowledge about the brain and asks to what extent recent findings explain the action of the mind. He offers the general reader a glimpse of exciting discoveries usually accessible to only a few scientists. He writes: "Throughout my own scientific career I, like other scientists, have struggled to prove that the brain accounts for the mind. But perhaps the time has come when we may profitably consider the evidence as it stands, and ask the question . . . Can the mind be explained by what is now known about the brain?" The central question, he points out, is whether man's being is determined by his body alone or by mind and body as separate elements. Before suggesting an answer, he gives a fascinating account of his experience as a neurosurgeon and scientist observing the brain in conscious patients.

Content

Inhalt: 1. Sherringtonian Alternatives-Two Fundamental Elements or Only One? 2. To Consciousness the Brain Is Messenger 3. Neuronal Action within the Brain 4. Sensory and Voluntary-Motor Organization 5. The Indispensable Substratum of Consciousness 6. The Stream of Consciousness Electrically Reactivated 7. Physiological Interpretation of an Epileptic Seizure 8. An Early Conception of Memory Mechanisms - And a Late Conclusion 9. The Interpretive Cortex 10. An Automatic Sensory-Motor Mechanism 11. Centrencephalic Integration and Coordination 12. The Highest Brain-Mechanism 13. The Stream of Consciousness 14. Introspection by Patient and Surgeon 15. Doubling of Awareness 16. Brain as Computer, Mind as Programmer 17. What the Automatic Mechanism Can Do 18. Recapitulation 19. Relationship of Mind to Brain-A Case Example 20. Man's Being-A Choice Between Two Explanations 21. ComprehensibilityReflections.

Theme

Information

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Abstract

Die Erforschung des menschlichen Geistes ist eines der spannendsten Unternehmen der Wissenschaft. Die Kognitionswissenschaft erforscht nicht nur abstrakte intellektuelle Leistungen wie etwa das Schachspiel, sondern die ganze Palette der Intelligenz: Sprache, Gedächtnis, Lernen, Wahrnehmung und Bewegung, neuerdings auch Emotionen und Bewusstsein. Diese Einführung bietet eine übersichtliche Darstellung der Entwicklung sowie der zentralen Probleme und Lösungsstrategien dieser neuen Disziplin. Manuela Lenzen studierte Philosophie in Bochum und Bielefeld. Als freie Wissenschaftsjournalistin schreibt sie u. a. für die Frankfurter Allgemeine und die Süddeutsche Zeitung, für die Frankfurter Rundschau und die Zeit.

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Theme

Information

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Abstract

Over the last 25 years, cognitive load theory has become one of the world's leading theories of instructional design. It is heavily researched by many educational and psychological researchers and is familiar to most practicing instructional designers, especially designers using computer and related technologies. The theory can be divided into two aspects that closely inter-relate and influence each other: human cognitive architecture and the instructional designs and prescriptions that flow from that architecture. The cognitive architecture is based on biological evolution. The resulting description of human cognitive architecture is novel and accordingly, the instructional designs that flow from the architecture also are novel. All instructional procedures are routinely tested using randomized, controlled experiments. Roughly 1/3 of the book will be devoted to cognitive architecture and its evolutionary base with 2/3 devoted to the instructional implications that follow, including technology-based instruction. Researchers, teachers and instructional designers need the book because of the explosion of interest in cognitive load theory over the last few years. The theory is represented in countless journal articles but a detailed, modern overview presenting the theory and its implications in one location is not available.

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Abstract

Cognitive load theory (CLT) is one of the most important theories in educational psychology, a highly effective guide for the design of multimedia and other learning materials. This edited volume brings together the most prolific researchers from around the world who study various aspects of cognitive load to discuss its current theoretical as well as practical issues. The book is divided into three parts. The first part describes the theoretical foundations and assumptions of CLT, the second discusses the empirical findings about the application of CLT to the design of learning environments, and the third part concludes the book with discussions and suggestions for new directions for future research. It aims to become the standard handbook in CLT for researchers and graduate students in psychology, education, and educational technology.

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Content

Vgl. auch die Standpunkte in: Collins, H.M.: A review of Hubert Dreyfus' What computers still can't do in: Artificial intelligence 80(1996) no.1, S.99-191.

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Content

Schnelle, Helmut: Einführung. Gehirnhälften und Sprachstruktur in wechselseitiger Beleuchtung. Jakobson, Roman: Gehirn und Sprache. Heeschen, Claus: Argumente gegen eine Überbewertung der rechten Hemisphäre. Reischies, Friedel_Van der: Zur Lateralisierung von Sprache. Geest, Ton: Neurolinguistische Reifung in entwicklungspsychologischer Sicht. Aphasie ist keine Störung des Kommunikationsvermögens. Linke, Detlef: Ganzheit und Teilbarkeit des Gehirns. Poeck, Klaus: Was verstehen wir unter aphasischen Syndromen?. Zu Roman Jakobsons typologischen Aphasieinterpretationen. Harweg, Roland: Aphasie und Linguistik. Sappok, Christian: Sprechtätigkeit und Bewegungsaufbau. Koch, Walter: Evolution des Kreativen: Symmetrie, Asymmetrie, Integration. Ballmer, Thomas T.: Neurobiologie und Lexikon. Phänomenologische Perspektiven. Holenstein, Elmar: Sprache und Gehirn. Koch, Walter A.: Laudatio für Roman Jakobson.