Search (47 results, page 1 of 3)

  • × theme_ss:"Hypertext"
  • × year_i:[2000 TO 2010}
  1. Yang, C.C.; Liu, N.: Web site topic-hierarchy generation based on link structure (2009) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    Navigating through hyperlinks within a Web site to look for information from one of its Web pages without the support of a site map can be inefficient and ineffective. Although the content of a Web site is usually organized with an inherent structure like a topic hierarchy, which is a directed tree rooted at a Web site's homepage whose vertices and edges correspond to Web pages and hyperlinks, such a topic hierarchy is not always available to the user. In this work, we studied the problem of automatic generation of Web sites' topic hierarchies. We modeled a Web site's link structure as a weighted directed graph and proposed methods for estimating edge weights based on eight types of features and three learning algorithms, namely decision trees, naïve Bayes classifiers, and logistic regression. Three graph algorithms, namely breadth-first search, shortest-path search, and directed minimum-spanning tree, were adapted to generate the topic hierarchy based on the graph model. We have tested the model and algorithms on real Web sites. It is found that the directed minimum-spanning tree algorithm with the decision tree as the weight learning algorithm achieves the highest performance with an average accuracy of 91.9%.
    Date
    22. 3.2009 12:51:47
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 60(2009) no.3, S.495-508
    Type
    a
  2. Krajewski, M.: Zettelwirtschaft : Die Geburt der Kartei aus dem Geiste der Bibliothek (2002) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Auf nahezu jedem Schreibtisch steht heute ein zumeist grauer Kasten, aus dem viele Kabel kommen. Vor 70 Jahren war dieser datenverarbeitende Kasten noch unscheinbarer, unelektronisch und aus Holz, buchstäblich eine Papiermaschine. Die ZettelWirtschaft widmet sich der Frage, wie diese >Maschine< namens Kartei ihren Siegeszug als ebenso universelles wie zentrales Werkzeug zur Datenverarbeitung in die Büros und Schreibstuben um 1930, bis zum Vorabend der >Universalen Diskreten Maschine< namens Computer, antreten konnte. Dabei wird die Entwicklung der Kartei anhand ihrer historischen Brüche verfolgt: angefangen bei den ersten explizit beschriebenen Verzettelungen des Wissens in der Frühen Neuzeit, über die beinahe zufällige Einführung und allmähliche Durchsetzung von Zettel-Katalogen in den Bibliotheken um 1800 steuert die Studie - nach einem Seitenblick auf die Produktionsbedingungen von Literatur mit Hilfe der Zettelkästen- hin zur zentralen These, der diskursiven Übertragung zwischen den Institutionen des Schreibens, zwischen Bibliothek und Büro. Versehen mit zahlreichen Abbildungen und zum Teil auf bislang unveröffentlichtem Archivmaterial basierend, wird hier die Historie der Zettelkästen und Karteisysteme als eine notwendige Vorgeschichte des Computers beschrieben, nicht ohne diesen Prozeß als eine abwechslungsreiche, bisweilen überraschende Geschichte des Scheiterns zu bilanzieren.
    Content
    Der erste Hauptteil 'Um 1800' versucht daraufhin, mit einem Bruch in der Anwendungsweise des Gessnerschen Verfahrens dessen erste Diskontinuität nachzuweisen. Nicht zuletzt wegen dieses Einschnitts muß die Art der Verzeichnung bis dato das Attribut vorläufig tragen. Die Verzettelungstechnik gelangt von einem temporären Gebrauch zur dauerhaften Verwendung, was dadurch eine ebenso unbeabsichtigte wie folgenreiche Umstellung markiert. Gleichzeitig entsteht hiermit der bibliothekshistorisch erste Zettelkatalog, dessen unverhoffter Einsatz und Genese in Wien um 1780 eine detaillierte Beschreibung erfährt. Der Zettelkatalog besteht nicht nur als bibliothekarische Antwort auf einen drohenden information overflow, sondern vor allem dank seiner umsichtigen Logistik. Entscheidend dabei sind schriftlich fixierte, genaue Handlungsanweisungen, anhand derer auch unausgebildetes Personal in den arbeitsteiligen Prozeß eingebunden werden kann. Mit Hilfe eines kleinen Exkurses soll zuvor jedoch die Koinzidenz zweier Adressierungslogiken untersucht werden: In einem Jahrzehnt und derselben Stadt fällt die Entstehung des Zettelkatalogs zusammen mit der Erfindung der Hausnummer. Damit etabliert sich eine Möglichkeit zur abstrakteren Repräsentation und zu einem kontrollierenden Zugriff auf Schriften bzw. Hausbewohner. Das anschließende dritte Kapitel verbleibt in der Umbruchphase um 1800, indem es eine notwendige Differenz zieht zwischen der Bibliothekstechnologie von vielen Schreib- für viele Lese-Köpfe und einer eigenwilligen Anordnung von gelehrten Exzerptensammlungen. Die Unterscheidung trennt ein Server-Konzept von einer Workstation-Philosophie. Der erste Zettelkatalog ist nicht nur das Produkt eines kollektiven Arbeitsprozesses, sondern vor allem für eine vielköpfige Benutzung geeignet und konzipiert. Im Gegensatz zu diesem Multi-User-System verwehrt die idiosynkratische Maschine in Form eines Gelehrtenkastens gerade jede fremde Einsichtnahme. Sie besitzt keine Vermittlungsnotwendigkeit, so daß sich das interne System der Verzeichnung durchaus unverständlich für alle Einsichtnehmenden ausnehmen darf. Auch eine Form von Datenschutz, die anhand der eigentümlichen gelehrten Exzerpiertechniken in einer kleinen Genealogie von Johann Jacob Moser bis zu Jean Paul und anderen konturiert wird. Das vierte und letzte Kapitel des ersten Teils widmet sich einer ersten Übertragung alteuropäischer Bibliothekstechnik in die Neue Welt. Das Zettelkastenprinzip erreicht einerseits die amerikanische Ostküste durch Bibliothekare, die in Europa studieren, um die dort etablierte Praxis der Katalogisierung auf ihre im Laufe des 19. Jahrhunderts schnell anwachsenden Büchersammlungen anzuwenden. Andererseits jedoch besitzen die Vereinigten Staaten auch eine eigene, autochthone Genealogie der Verzettelung. 1817 gelingt William Croswell bei seinem unglücklichen Projekt, der Harvard College Library einen umfassenden Katalog zu verschaffen, die Geburt des amerikanischen Zettelkatalogs aus dem Geiste der Faulheit.
    Manches hat der Zettelkasten verschwiegen, um seine eigene Ökonomie und die des notwendigerweise beschränkten Umfangs dieser Studie nicht allzu sehr zu beanspruchen - manches schlechterdings aus Mangel an Information. Allererstes Manko ist die Verlegenheit, keine Universalgeschichten mehr schreiben zu können. So beginnt diese Geschichte nicht mit dem Anfang von Geschichte und beschreibt demzufolge keine mesopotamischen, ägyptischen, griechischen oder römischen Register als Verzeichnisse der gespeicherten Schriften. Auch die berühmte Bibliothek von Alexandria samt ihrem ebenso berühmten Bibliothekar Kallimachos, der die Inventare der Schriften auf tönernen Pinakes an den Regalen fixierte, bleibt außen vor. Statt dessen steht am Beginn der Karteigeschichte eine (vermeintliche) Urszene des 16. Jahrhunderts, die vielleicht auch anders, d.h. früher, hätte gesetzt sein können. Des weiteren vermag diese Studie nicht, einem ausgelobten Desiderat abzuhelfen, eine schlichte Fußnote bei Foucault: »Aufkommen der Karteikarte und Konstituierung der Humanwissenschaften: noch eine Erfindung, die von den Historikern wenig gefeiert wird.« Wenngleich die eine Entwicklung, die »Konstitution der Humanwissenschaften«, dieser Studie als methodisches Leitbild dient, konnte die direkte Verbindung zum Erscheinen der Karteikarte nicht eindeutig geknüpft werden. Geplant war, ein Desiderat der Fußnote zur Entfaltung zu bringen, d.h. einem Exkurs zur Evolution der Karteikarte die letztendliche Übertragungs-Leistung zwischen Bibliothekaren und Kaufleuten ab 1890 anzufügen. Der Exkurs mußte gleichwohl einer anderen, bereits erwähnten Ökonomie, der Raumnot, zum Opfer fallen. In diesem Kapitel, das im Anschluß an das zweite gefolgt wäre, hätte nicht nur die verfestigende Entwicklung einer Materialität der Karteikarte vom Papierschnipsel bis zu ihrer Aufrechtigkeit als Leit-Karton Platz gefunden. (Diese Episode zieht sich nun implizit durch die Beschreibung einer fortschreitenden Standardisierung.) Foucaults beunruhigende Bemerkung stellt des weiteren, Bonneville zitierend, bereits für das Jahr 1833 einen direkten Zusammenhang her zwischen der Karteikarte und einer kaufmännischen Verzeichnungstechnik. Die Monographie zu den technischen Medien der Kaufleute ist leider noch ungeschrieben oder dem hier ins Spiel geratenen Zettelkasten bislang zumindest unbekannt. Darüber hinaus wäre der Versuch unternommen worden, die isomorphe Logik der Repräsentation von Zetteln und Banknoten sowie ihren Zusammenfall in den Zettel/Daten/Banken zu schildern. So muß die Episode über die Zirkulation von Geld und Ideen ihrerseits auf eine Fußnote zur Bank of England beschränkt bleiben und auf diese Anmerkung.
  3. Agosti, M.; Melucci, M.: Information retrieval techniques for the automatic construction of hypertext (2000) 0.01 
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    Source
    Encyclopedia of library and information science. Vol.66, [=Suppl.29]
    Type
    a
  4. Wingert, B.: Hypertext Conference 2000 in San Antonio (2000) 0.01 
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    Source
    nfd Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 51(2000) H.6, S.379-386
    Type
    a
  5. Tredinnick, L.: Post-structuralism, hypertext, and the World Wide Web (2007) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore the application of post-structuralist theory to understanding hypertext and the World Wide Web, and the challenge posed by digital information technology to the practices of the information profession. Design/methodology/approach - The method adopted is that of a critical study. Findings - The paper argues for the importance of post-structuralism for an understanding of the implications of digital information for the information management profession. Originality/value - Focuses on an epistemological gap between the traditional practices of the information profession, and the structure of the World Wide Web.
    Type
    a
  6. Amitay, E.: Trends, fashions, patterns, norms, conventions and hypertext too (2001) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    At a finer level, Amitay speculates about the use of language on the Web. The Web may be one large corpus of text, but she suggests that communities will express themselves by the conventions used for writing hypertext. It may be that new information technologies will spawn new communities.
    Footnote
    Beitrag eines Themenheftes: Still the Frontier: Information Science at the Millenium
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 52(2001) no.1, S.36-43
    Type
    a
  7. Weal, M.J.; Michaelides, D.T.; Thompson, M.K.; Roure, D.C. de: Hypermedia in the ambient wood (2003) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The Ambient Wood project, carried out as part of the Equator project, set out to provide an augmented learning experience for children in an outdoor environment. Using a variety of devices, the children gathered information about the woodland habitats performing basic scientific enquiry and hypothesis testing. In this paper, we describe the supporting information infrastructure used in the project, focusing on how hypermedia tools and techniques were used to structure and deliver the information to the children, helping to orchestrate the learning activities.
    Type
    a
  8. Kerckhove, D. de: Medien des Wissens : Wissensherstellung auf Papier, auf dem Bildschirm und Online (2000) 0.01 
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    Theme
    Information
    Type
    a
  9. Kinnell, S.K.; Franklin, C.: Hypertext and hypercard : early development (2009) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The ease of linking and hopping from one text to another that we associate today with the World Wide Web was implemented in a different context prior to the Web. The creation of "hypertext" has a long and interesting history prior to the Web, as this article demonstrates. At the time it was issued, the HyperCard software application was expected to be the foundation of a widely-used new means of information organization. We can see now that the key ideas of hypertext were present in HyperCard, without the ease of use of subsequent World Wide Web features.
    Source
    Encyclopedia of library and information sciences. 3rd ed. Ed.: M.J. Bates
    Type
    a
  10. Melucci, M.: Making digital libraries effective : automatic generation of links for similarity search across hyper-textbooks (2004) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Textbooks are more available in electronic format now than in the past. Because textbooks are typically large, the end user needs effective tools to rapidly access information encapsulated in textbooks stored in digital libraries. Statistical similarity-based links among hypertextbooks are a means to provide those tools. In this paper, the design and the implementation of a tool that generates networks of links within and across hypertextbooks through a completely automatic and unsupervised procedure is described. The design is based an statistical techniques. The overall methodology is presented together with the results of a case study reached through a working prototype that shows that connecting hyper-textbooks is an efficient way to provide an effective retrieval capability.
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 55(2004) no.5, S.414-430
    Type
    a
  11. Kim, H.J.: Motivations for hyperlinking in scholarly electronic articles : a qualitative study (2000) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The primary purpose of the study was to identify motivations for hyperlinking in scholarly electronic articles. Fifteen Indiana University faculty and graduate students who had published at least one scholarly electronic article containing at least one external hyperlink were surveyed. Through a series of qualitative interviews, 19 different hyperlinking motivations, classified into the three motivational groups -scholarly, social, and technological-along the dimensional ranges of their properties, were identified. The vast majority of the hyperlinks were attributed to more than one motivation by the authors. The empirical findings of the study demonstrated that scholars use hyperlinks for a variety of purposes, and that their hyperlinking behavior frequently results from a complex interplay of motivations
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 51(2000) no.10, S.887-899
    Type
    a
  12. Sinclair, P.A.S.; Martinez, K.; Millard, D.E.; Weal, M.J.: Augmented reality as an interface to adaptive hypermedia systems (2003) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Adaptive Hypermedia has sought to tackle the problems of dealing with complex, heavily structured information and the presentation of views of that structure to users. Increasingly, adaptive content is achieved through different forms of context. Using two case-study applications, we will reflect on how Augmented Reality may present solutions to a number of Adaptive Hypermedia presentation problems. Each case study describes a different physical interaction metaphor for exposing the complex adaptation of hypermedia content in an intuitive way. The preliminary findings of our early evaluations are discussed. Finally, conclusions are drawn as to how Augmented Reality applications could use the modelling techniques of the Adaptive Hypermedia community to deal more easily with complex information.
    Type
    a
  13. Decurtins, C.; Norrie, M.C.; Signer, B.: Putting the gloss on paper : a framework for cross-media annotation (2003) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    We present a general framework for cross-media annotation that can be used to support the many different forms and uses of annotation. Specifically, we discuss the need for digital annotation of printed materials and describe how various technologies for digitally augmented paper can be used in support of work practices. The state of the art in terms of both commercial and research solutions is described in some detail, with an analysis of the extent to which they can support both the writing and reading activities associated with annotation. Our framework is based on an extension of the information server that was developed within the Paper++ project to support enhanced reading. It is capable of handling both formal and informal annotation across printed and digital media, exploiting a range of technologies for information capture and display. A prototype demonstrator application for mammography is presented to illustrate both the functionality of the framework and the status of existing technologies.
    Type
    a
  14. Luzón, M.J.: Scholarly hyperwriting : the function of links in academic weblogs (2009) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Weblogs are gaining momentum as one of most versatile tools for online scholarly communication. Since academic weblogs tend to be used by scholars to position themselves in a disciplinary blogging community, links are essential to their construction. The aim of this article is to analyze the reasons for linking in academic weblogs and to determine how links are used for distribution of information, collaborative construction of knowledge, and construction of the blog's and the blogger's identity. For this purpose I analyzed types of links in 15 academic blogs, considering both sidebar links and in-post links. The results show that links are strategically used by academic bloggers for several purposes, among others to seek their place in a disciplinary community, to engage in hypertext conversations for collaborative construction of knowledge, to organize information in the blog, to publicize their research, to enhance the blog's visibility, and to optimize blog entries and the blog itself.
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 60(2009) no.1, S.75-89
    Type
    a
  15. Picard, J.; Savoy, J.: Enhancing retrieval with hyperlinks : a general model based on propositional argumentation systems (2003) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Fast, effective, and adaptable techniques are needed to automatically organize and retrieve information an the ever-increasing World Wide Web. In that respect, different strategies have been suggested to take hypertext links into account. For example, hyperlinks have been used to (1) enhance document representation, (2) improve document ranking by propagating document score, (3) provide an indicator of popularity, and (4) find hubs and authorities for a given topic. Although the TREC experiments have not demonstrated the usefulness of hyperlinks for retrieval, the hypertext structure is nevertheless an essential aspect of the Web, and as such, should not be ignored. The development of abstract models of the IR task was a key factor to the improvement of search engines. However, at this time conceptual tools for modeling the hypertext retrieval task are lacking, making it difficult to compare, improve, and reason an the existing techniques. This article proposes a general model for using hyperlinks based an Probabilistic Argumentation Systems, in which each of the above-mentioned techniques can be stated. This model will allow to discover some inconsistencies in the mentioned techniques, and to take a higher level and systematic approach for using hyperlinks for retrieval.
    Footnote
    Beitrag eines Themenheftes: Mathematical, logical, and formal methods in information retrieval
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 54(2003) no.4, S.347-355
    Type
    a
  16. Heo, M.; Hirtle, S.C.: ¬An empirical comparison of visualization tools to assist information retrieval on the Web (2001) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The reader of a hypertext document in a web environment, if maximum use of the document is to be obtained, must visualize the overall structure of the paths through the document as well as the document space. Graphic visualization displays of this space, produced to assist in navigation, are classified into four groups, and Heo and Hirtle compare three of these classes as to their effectiveness. Distortion displays expand regions of interest while relatively diminishing the detail of the remaining regions. This technique will show both local detail and global structure. Zoom techniques use a series of increasingly focused displays of smaller and smaller areas, and can reduce cogitative overload, but do not provide an easy movement to other parts of the total space. Expanding outline displays use a tree structure to allow movement through a hierarchy of documents, but if the organization has a wide horizontal structure, or is not particularly hierarchical in nature such display can break down. Three dimensional layouts, which are not evaluated here, place objects by location in three space, providing more information and freedom. However, the space must be represented in two dimensions resulting in difficulty in visually judging depth, size and positioning. Ten students were assigned to each of eight groups composed of viewers of the three techniques and an unassisted control group using either a large (583 selected pages) or a small (50 selected pages) web space. Sets of 10 questions, which were designed to elicit the use of a visualization tool, were provided for each space. Accuracy and time spent were extracted from a log file. Users views were also surveyed after completion. ANOVA shows significant differences in accuracy and time based upon the visualization tool in use. A Tukey test shows zoom accuracy to be significantly less than expanding outline and zoom time to be significantly greater than both the outline and control groups. Size significantly affected accuracy and time, but had no interaction with tool type. While the expanding tool class out performed zoom and distortion, its performance was not significantly different from the control group.
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 52(2001) no.8, S.666-675
    Type
    a
  17. Holzinger, A.: Basiswissen Multimedia : Bd.1: Technik (2000) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Multimedia und Internet, Hypertext und Hypermedia - spannende Begriffe an der Schwelle zum nächsten Jahrtausend. Das Fachbuch behandelt technologische Grundlagen multimedialer Informationssysteme: - Information und Kommunikation / Signale und Codierung / Audiotechnik / Videotechnik / Multimedia via Internet
  18. Maislin, S.: Ripping out the pages (2000) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    When the Web was invented, it was touted as a novel nonlinear medium for the written word. No longer would we be constrained by linear presentations! Hyperlinks would allow us to jump haphazardly from page to page, chapter to chapter, idea to idea! Texts would no longer need to run from beginning to end! This is misleading. A printed book is also multidimensional and potentially nonlinear. We can open it to any page, from any other page, for any reason. We can open several books at once. In fact, what makes a book special is its combination of linear structure (the order of the words) and nonlinear physicality (the bound papers). This linear/nonlinear duality is enhanced further by the index, which maps linearly sequenced pages in a nonlinear, informationally ordered structure (architecture). In truth, the online environment is crippled by an absence of linear structure. Imagine selecting a hard cover book, tearing off the covers, ripping pages into small pieces, and throwing them in a box. That box is like a computer file system, and the paper scraps are Web documents. Only one scrap can be retrieved from the box at a time, and it must be replaced before another can be accessed. Page numbers are meaningless. Global context is destroyed. And without page numbers or context, what happens to the index?
    Imprint
    Phoenix, AZ : American Society of Indexers / Information Today
    Type
    a
  19. Chen, S.Y.; Macredie, R.D.: Cognitive styles and hypermedia navigation : development of a learning model (2002) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    There has been an increased growth in the use of hypermedia to deliver learning and teaching material. However, much remains to be learned about how different learners perceive such systems. Therefore, it is essential to build robust learning models to illustrate how hypermedia features are experienced by different learners. Research into individual differences suggests cognitive styles have a significant effect on student learning in hypermedia systems. In particular, Witkin's Field Dependence has been extensively examined in previous studies. This article reviews the published findings from empirical studies of hypermedia learning. Specifically, the review classifies the research into five themes: nonlinear learning, learner control, navigation in hyperspace, matching and mismatching, and learning effectiveness. A learning model, developed from an analysis of findings of the previous studies, is presented. Finally, implications for the design of hypermedia learning systems are discussed
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 53(2002) no.1, S.3-15
    Type
    a
  20. Oliveira Lima, G.A.B. de: Hypertext model - HTXM : a model for hypertext organization of documents (2008) 0.01 
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    Content
    This article reports an applied research on the construction and implementation of a semantically structured conceptual prototype to help in the organization and representation of human knowledge in hypertextual systems, based on four references: the Facet Analysis Theory (FAT), the Conceptual Map Theory, semantic structure of hypertext links and the technical guidelines of the Associacao Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT). This prototype, called Modelo Hipertextual para Organizacao de Documentos (MHTX) - Model For Hypertext Organization of Documents HTXM - is formed by a semantic structure called Conceptual Map (CM) and Expanded Summary (ES), the latter based on the summary of a selected doctoral thesis to which access points were designed. In the future, this prototype maybe used to implement a digital libraty called BTDECI - UFMG (Biblioteca de Teses e Dissertacöes do Programa de Pós-Graduacao da Escola de Ciência da Informacao da UFMG - Library of Theses and Dissertations of the Graduate Program of School of Information Science of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais).
    Type
    a

Authors

Languages

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  • a 38
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Themes

Subjects

Classifications