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  1. Schiele, L.: Wie entsteht eine soziale Wirklichkeit? : Einstieg in die Sozialontologie von John Searle (2011) 0.14 
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    Abstract
    In der folgenden Arbeit werde ich die Sozialontologie John Searles genauer betrachten. Das Ziel seiner Ausarbeitungen besteht darin, das Problem der Sozialontologie zu klären, das heißt herauszufinden, wie Menschen "eine 'soziale' Wirklichkeit kreieren" (Searle 2009, S. 505). Unser Hauptaugenmerk wird hierbei auf den Gegenstand der Sozialontologie, also auf soziale Prozesse und Tatsachen, soziale Objekte und Ereignisse, gelenkt sein. Generell versucht Searle durch seine Ausführungen zu klären, inwiefern institutionelle soziale Phänomene "über die Sozialontologie hinausgehen, die bei sozialen Tieren vorliegt" (Searle 2009, S. 512). Seine Arbeit ist demnach ein Versuch zu erklären, durch welche Merkmale die menschliche Sozialontologie der tierischen überlegen ist. Searle nimmt die soziale Wirklichkeit als menschliches Konstrukt an, die nur dadurch existiert, weil wir glauben und akzeptieren, dass sie existiert. Was macht etwa ein bedrucktes Stück Papier zu einem Geldschein mit einem bestimmten Wert? Wieso kann ein Tier dieselbe physische Beschaffenheit eines Geldscheins betrachten wie ein Mensch, aber doch nicht den Geldschein, sondern nur das bedruckte Papier sehen? In diesem Zusammenhang werden wir auf die drei Grundformeln Searles zur Beschreibung der Grundstruktur der sozial-institutionellen Wirklichkeit stoßen, und hierzu die kollektive Intentionalität, Statuszuschreibung und konstitutive Regeln und Prozeduren näher betrachten. Es soll beschrieben werden, wie zum Beispiel ein bedrucktes Stück Papier durch Statuszuweisung eine gewisse Macht erzeugt.
    Isbn
    978-3-668231-47-4
  2. Koch, C.: Can a photodiode be conscious? (2013) 0.10 
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    Content
    Erwiderung auf die Rezension von John Searle zu: Koch, C.: Consciousness: confessions of a romantic reductionist. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press 2012 in:The New York Review of Books, 10.01.2013 [https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2013/03/07/can-photodiode-be-conscious/?pagination=false&printpage=true]
    Issue
    Mit einer weiteren Erwiderung von J. Searle
  3. Thelwall, M.; Maflahi, N.: Guideline references and academic citations as evidence of the clinical value of health research (2016) 0.08 
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    Date
    19. 3.2016 12:22:00
    Source
    Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 67(2016) no.4, S.960-966
  4. Endreß, M.: On the very idea of social construction : deconstructing Searle's and Hacking's critical reflections (2016) 0.07 
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    Abstract
    The starting point of the following inquiry addresses John Searle's and Ian Hacking's most prominent critique of contemporary "constructionism" in the 1990s. It is stimulated by the astonishing fact that neither Hacking nor Searle take into account Peter Berger's and Thomas Luckmann's classical essay and sociological masterpiece The Social Construction of Reality in their contributions. Critically revisiting Searle's and Hacking's critique on the so-called constructivist approach, the article demonstrates that both authors have failed to put forth a sociologically valid understanding of the approach in question. The following analysis aims to deconstruct the conceptualizations offered by Searle and Hacking, and to reconstruct and defend the original sense of the term "social construction" as most prominently introduced by Berger and Luckmann to sociology, and social sciences in general.
  5. Blackmore, S.J.: Gespräche über Bewußtsein (2012) 0.07 
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    Abstract
    Im Frühjahr 2000 begann Susan Blackmore, Material für ein Radiofeature zum Thema Bewußtsein zu sammeln. Die Sendung kam nie zustande, aber die Idee, sich einem der großen Rätsel der menschlichen Existenz in Gesprächen zu nähern, ließ sie nicht mehr los. So entstanden zwanzig Interviews mit Philosophen und Naturwissenschaftlern, der Crème de la Crème der internationalen Bewußtseinsforschung, die hier Rede und Antwort steht. David Chalmers zum Beispiel, der erklärt, warum das Bewußtsein ein solch schwieriges Problem ist, oder Susan Greenfield, der zufolge man schon bei Sophokles und Euripides Interessantes über Willensfreiheit lernen kann. Francisco Varela spricht über Zombies, Roger Penrose über John Searle, John Searle über Immanuel Kant. Wir erfahren von Vilayanur Ramachandran, warum er nicht meditiert, und von Thomas Metzinger, inwiefern das bewußte Selbst eine Illusion ist. Und im letzten Interview vor seinem Tod rekapituliert Francis Crick seinen Weg von der Genetik zur Bewußtseinsforschung. Es geht um den Geist und um die Gene, um das Gehirn und die Gefühle, aber auch um Quantenprozesse und Träume, Descartes und Shiva, Kabbala und Drogenpolitik - und nicht zuletzt um Forscherkarrieren und Lebensträume.
  6. Searle, J.R.: ¬Die Konstruktion der gesellschaftlichen Wirklichkeit : zur Ontologie sozialer Tatsachen (2011) 0.07 
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    Abstract
    In seinem grundlegenden Werk geht John Searle der Frage nach, in welchem Sinn das Soziale existiert. Was unterscheidet soziale Tatsachen wie etwa Geld von natürlichen Tatsachen wie der Höhe eines Berges? Searle kommt zu dem Ergebnis, daß soziale Tatsachen durch Phänomene kollektiver Intentionalität konstituiert werden. Hierfür entwickelt er die mittlerweile zum philosophischen Standardrepertoire gehörende Formel »X gilt als Y in C«, die aufschlüsselt, wie zum Beispiel ein Stück Papier in einem bestimmten sozialen Kontext als Geld behandelt wird. Eine brillante Analyse, ein Klassiker. Der Autor untersucht in diesem Buch die Bestandteile unserer Welt, die Tatsachen nur kraft menschlicher Übereinkunft sind - wie Geld, Ehe, Eigentum und Regierung. Derartige Tatsachen haben eine objektive Existenz nur deshalb, weil wir daran glauben, dass sie existieren. Sie machen die vieldiskutierte, aber ebenso häufig mißverstandene Welt der kulturellen und gesellschaftlichen Realität aus.
  7. Bruss, F.T.: 250 years of "An essay towards solving a problem in the doctrine of chances. By the late Rev. Mr. Bayes, F.R.S. communicated by Mr. Proce, in a letter to John Canton, A.M.F.R.S." (2014) 0.06 
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    Source
    Jahresbericht der Deutschen Mathematiker-Vereinigung. 115(2014) H.3/4, S.129-133
  8. Beynon-Davies, P.: Form-ing institutional order : the scaffolding of lists and identifiers (2016) 0.06 
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    Abstract
    This paper examines the central place of the list and the associated concept of an identifier within the scaffolding of contemporary institutional order. These terms are deliberately chosen to make strange and help unpack the constitutive capacity of information systems and information technology within and between contemporary organizations. We draw upon the substantial body of work by John Searle to help understand the place of lists and identifiers in the constitution of institutional order. To enable us to ground our discussion of the potentiality and problematic associated with lists we describe a number of significant instances of list-making, situated particularly around the use of identifiers to refer to people, places, and products. The theorization developed allows us to better explain not only the significance imbued within lists and identifiers but the key part they play in form-ing the institutional order. We also hint at the role such symbolic artifacts play within breakdowns in institutional order.
  9. Bennett, M.; Dennett, D.; Hacker, D.P.; Searle, J.R.: Neurowissenschaft und Philosophie : Gehirn, Geist und Sprache ; mit einer Einleitung und einer Schlußbetrachtung von Daniel Robinson (2010) 0.06 
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    Abstract
    Als der Neurowissenschaftler Maxwell Bennett und der Philosoph Peter Hacker 2003 den voluminösen Band Philosophical Foundations of Neuroscience veröffentlichten, war dies nicht nur die erste systematische Untersuchung der begrifflichen Grundlagen der Neurowissenschaften. Es war auch der Startschuß für den bis heute intensiv geführten Kampf um die Deutungsmacht in bezug auf den menschlichen Geist. Besonders kritisch fiel seinerzeit die Auseinandersetzung der beiden Autoren mit den einflußreichen Arbeiten von Daniel Dennett und John Searle aus - also mit jenen beiden Denkern, die von der neurowissenschaftlichen Seite gerne als philosophische Gewährsmänner herangezogen werden. Mit Neurowissenschaft und Philosophie ist nun das Kunststück gelungen, die vier kongenialen »Streithähne« in einem Band zu versammeln. Im ersten Teil des Buches wird das zentrale Argument von Bennett und Hacker präsentiert, das unter anderem jene begrifflichen Verwirrungen offenlegt, denen Neurowissenschaftler allzu häufig unterliegen, wenn sie aus ihren empirischen Forschungen die bekannten weitreichenden Schlußfolgerungen etwa über das Wesen des Menschen ziehen. Der zweite und dritte Teil sind ganz der Debatte gewidmet: Auf die Einwände von Dennett und Searle folgen erneute Erwiderungen von Bennett und Hacker. Den Abschluß bildet ein kurzer Epilog von Maxwell Bennett, gerahmt wird das Ganze durch eine Einleitung und eine Schlußbetrachtung des Philosophen Daniel Robinson. Der Band zeigt vier Meister ihres Fachs in einem Duell auf höchstem Niveau, ausgetragen mit einem gehörigen Schuß Leidenschaft. Darüber hinaus bietet er eine ausgezeichnete und vor allem gut lesbare Zusammenfassung über den Stand der Dinge in einer der wichtigsten Science Battles unserer Zeit. Lebendige Wissenschaft par excellence.
    Content
    Darin: Searle, J.: Packt das Bewußtsein (Bewusstsein) wieder ins Gehirn (S.139- ) Vgl.: https://www.philosophie-raum.de/index.php/Thread/24280-Neurowissenschaften-und-Philosophie-Gehirn-Geist-und-Sprache/.
  10. Zudnik, J.: Artifizielle Semantik : Wider das Chinesische Zimmer (2017) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    "Talks at Google" hatte kürzlich einen Star zu Gast (Google 2016). Der gefeierte Philosoph referierte in gewohnt charmanter Art sein berühmtes Gedankenexperiment, welches er vor 35 Jahren ersonnen hatte. Aber es war keine reine Geschichtslektion, sondern er bestand darauf, daß die Implikationen nach wie vor Gültigkeit besaßen. Die Rede ist natürlich von John Searle und dem Chinesischen Zimmer. Searle eroberte damit ab 1980 die Welt der Philosophie des Geistes, indem er bewies, daß man Computer besprechen kann, ohne etwas von ihnen zu verstehen. In seinen Worten, man könne ohnehin die zugrunde liegenden Konzepte dieser damned things in 5 Minuten erfassen. Dagegen verblassten die scheuen Einwände des AI-Starapologeten Ray Kurzweil der im Publikum saß, die jüngste Akquisition in Googles Talentpool. Searle wirkte wie die reine Verkörperung seiner Thesen, daß Berechnung, Logik und harte Fakten angesichts der vollen Entfaltung polyvalenter Sprachspiele eines menschlichen Bewußtseins im sozialen Raum der Kultur keine Macht über uns besitzen. Doch obwohl große Uneinigkeit bezüglich der Gültigkeit des chinesischen Zimmers besteht, und die logische Struktur des Arguments schon vor Jahrzehnten widerlegt worden ist, u. a. von Copeland (1993), wird erstaunlicherweise noch immer damit gehandelt. Es hat sich von einem speziellen Werkzeug zur Widerlegung der Starken AI These, wonach künstliche Intelligenz mit einer symbolverarbeitenden Rechenmaschine geschaffen werden kann, zu einem Argument für all die Fälle entwickelt, in welchen sich Philosophen des Geistes mit unbequemen Fragen bezüglich der Berechenbarkeit des menschlichen Geistes auseinandersetzen hätten können. Es ist also mit den Jahrzehnten zu einer Immunisierungs- und Konservierungsstrategie für all jene geworden, die sich Zeit erkaufen wollten, sich mit der wirklichen Komplexität auseinander zu setzen. Denn die Definition von Sinn ist eben plastisch, vor allem wenn die Pointe der Searlschen Geschichte noch immer eine hohe Suggestionskraft besitzt, da ihre Konklusion, man könne nicht von einer computationalen Syntax zu einer Semantik kommen, noch immer unzureichend widerlegt ist.
  11. Szostak, R.: Speaking truth to power in classification : response to Fox's review of my work; KO 39:4, 300 (2013) 0.05 
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    Date
    22. 2.2013 12:35:05
  12. Albinus, L.: Can science cope with more than one world? : a cross-reading of Habermas, Popper, and Searle (2013) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    The purpose of this article is to critically assess the 'three-world theory' as it is presented-with some slight but decisive differences-by Ju¨rgen Habermas and Karl Popper. This theory presents the philosophy of science with a conceptual and material problem, insofar as it claims that science has no single access to all aspects of the world. Although I will try to demonstrate advantages of Popper's idea of 'the third world' of ideas, the shortcomings of his ontological stance become visible from the pragmatic point of view in Habermas's theory of communicative acts. With regard to the critique that the three-world theory has met in both its pragmatic and ontological versions, I will take a closer look at John Searle's naturalistic counter-position. By teasing out some problematic implications in his theory of causation, I aim to show that Searle's approach is, in fact, much closer to Popper's than he might think. Finally, while condoning Habermas's distinction between the natural world and the lifeworld, I will opt for a pragmatically differentiated view of 'the real', rather than speaking of different worlds.
  13. ¬The global flow of information : legal, social, and cultural perspectives (2011) 0.05 
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    Content
    Inhalt: Perspectives on the global flow of information / Ramesh Subramanian and Eddan Katz -- Mcdonalds, Wienerwald, and the corner deli / Victoria Reyes and Miguel Angel Centeno -- Internet TV and the global flow of filmed entertainment / Eli Noam -- Piracy, creativity and infrastructure : rethinking access to culture / Lawrence Liang -- Prospects for a global networked cultural heritage : law versus technology? / Stanley N. Katz -- The cultural exception to trade laws / C. Edwin Baker -- Weighing the scales : the Internet's effect on state-society relations / Daniel W. Drezner -- Local nets on a global network : filtering and the internet governance problem / John G. Palfrey, Jr. -- Law as a network standard / Dan L. Burk -- Emerging market pharmaceutical supply : a prescription for sharing the benefits of global information flow / Frederick M. Abbott -- The flow of information in modern warfare / Jeremy M. Kaplan -- Information flow in war and peace / James Der Derian -- Power over the information flow / Dorothy E. Denning -- Information power : the information society from an antihumanist perspective / Jack M. Balkin
    Editor
    Subramanian, R. u. E. Katz
    Footnote
    Rez. in: JASIST 63(2012) no.4, S.843-844 (G.M. Peterson)
    Isbn
    978-0-8147-4811-4
  14. Duff, A.: ¬The Rawls-Tawney theorem and the digital divide in postindustrial society (2011) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    The digital divide continues to challenge political and academic circles worldwide. A range of policy solutions is briefly evaluated, from laissez-faire on the right to "arithmetic" egalitarianism on the left. The article recasts the digital divide as a problem for the social distribution of presumptively important information (e.g., electoral data, news, science) within postindustrial society. Endorsing in general terms the left-liberal approach of differential or "geometric" egalitarianism, it seeks to invest this with greater precision, and therefore utility, by means of a possibly original synthesis of the ideas of John Rawls and R. H. Tawney. It is argued that, once certain categories of information are accorded the status of "primary goods," their distribution must then comply with principles of justice as articulated by those major 20th century exponents of ethical social democracy. The resultant Rawls-Tawney theorem, if valid, might augment the portfolio of options for interventionist information policy in the 21st century.
  15. Widmaier, K.: Ich-Bewusstsein und menschlicher Geist : die Person und der Einfluss der Kultur (2017) 0.04 
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    Content
    Enthält Verbindungen zwischen den Aussagen von Popper, Donald und Fromm die sich gut mit dem Konzept der Institutionellen Realität von Searle verbinden lassen; z.B.: "6.5 Ich-Bewusstsein und Kultur Aufgrund sprachwissenschaftlicher Überlegungen schließt Karl R. Popper, dass wir nicht als Ich' geboren werden, sondern dass wir lernen, ein 'Ich zu sein.<127: Popper/Eccles: Das Ich und sein Gehirn, Teil 1, Kap. P4, Abschn. 31> Das 'Ich' wird seiner Meinung nach durch soziale Erfahrugen, aber auch mittela aktiver Gegstaltung, wie z.B. durch Entwicklen von Vorlieben und individuellen Verhaltensweisen, erworben. "Ih behaupte also, dass nicht nur Wahrnehmung und Sprache - aktiv - erlernt werden müssen, sondern auch noch die Aufgabe eine Perosn zu sein; und ich behaupte ferner, dass das nicht nur einen engen Kontakt mit der Welt 2 anderer Personen, sondern auch einen engen Kontakt mit der Welt 3 der Sprache und Theorien [...] einschließt."<128: Popper/Eccles: Das Ich und sein Gehirn, Teil 1, Kap. P4, Abschn. 31, S.147> Ähnliche Aussagen wie bei K.R. Popper finden sich bei Merlin Donald: "Unsere Identität bildet sich somit nach Maßgabe der Kultur heraus und ist weitgehend von kulturell vorgegebenen Vorstellungen beeinflusst." <129: Donald: Triumph des Bewusstseins, Kap. 6, S.281> Und weiter: "Die Strukturen, die sich auf der Ebene der Kultur herausbilden, sind nicht nur real, sondern prägen auch unser kognitives Universum, das definiert, was für uns 'Realität' ist."<130: Donald: Triumph des Bewusstseins, Kap. 6, S.281>. Aus der Sicht des Psychoanalytikers Erich Fromm besteht ein enger Zusammenhag zwischen der Kultur und dem persönlichen Unbewussten ihrer Mitglieder. "Wir kommen also zu dem Schluß, daß es sozial bedingt ist, ob etwas bewußt oder unbewußt ist. Ich bin mir all meiner Gefühle und Gedanken bewußt, die den dreifachen Filter der (sozial bedingten) Sprache, der Logik und der Tabus (sozialer Charakter) passieren dürfen. Einpfindungen, die nicht durch den Filter gehen, bleiben außerhalb des Bewußtseins; das heiß, sie bleiben unbewußt."<131: Fromm: Psychoanalyse und Zen-Buddhismus, IV Bewusstsein, Verdrängugn und Aufhebung der Verdrängung, S.134>" (S.67)
    Issue
    4., redaktionell überarb. Aufl.
  16. Deokattey, S.; Sharma, S.B.K.; Kumar, G.R.; Bhanumurthy, K.: Knowledge organization research : an overview (2015) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    The object of this literature review is to provide a historical perspective of R and D work in the area of Knowledge Organization (KO). This overview/summarization will provide information on major areas of KO. Journal articles published in core areas of KO: (Classification, Indexing, Thesauri and Taxonomies, Internet and Subject approach to information in the electronic era and Ontologies will be predominantly covered in this literature review. Coverage in this overview may not be completely exhaustive, but it succinctly showcases major developments in the area of KO. This review is a good source of additional reading material on KO apart from prescribed reading material on KO
    Classification
    025.3/.4
    Date
    22. 6.2015 16:13:38
    DDC
    025.3/.4
    Type
    r
  17. Lamparter, A.: Kompetenzprofil von Information Professionals in Unternehmen (2015) 0.04 
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    Content
    Masterarbeit an der Hochschule Hannover, Fakultät III - Medien, Information und Design. Trägerin des VFI-Förderpreises 2015, Vgl.: urn:nbn:de:bsz:960-opus4-5280. http://serwiss.bib.hs-hannover.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/528. Vgl. auch: Knoll, A. (geb. Lamparter): Kompetenzprofil von Information Professionals in Unternehmen. In: Young information professionals. 1(2016) S.1-11.
  18. Bianchini, C.; Zappalà, P.: ISBD and mechanical musical devices : a case study of the Department of Musicology and Cultural Heritage, University of Pavia, Italy (2014) 0.04 
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    Source
    Cataloging and classification quarterly. 52(2014) no.8, S.940-960
  19. De Santis, R.; Fernandez de Souza, R.: Towards a synthetic approach for classifying popular songs (2014) 0.04 
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    Date
    4. 9.2014 14:11:40
    Source
    Knowledge organization in the 21st century: between historical patterns and future prospects. Proceedings of the Thirteenth International ISKO Conference 19-22 May 2014, Kraków, Poland. Ed.: Wieslaw Babik
  20. Opening standards : the global politics of interoperability (2011) 0.03 
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    Content
    Inhalt: Introduction: Global Controversies over Open Standards - The Politics of Interoperability / p. 1 - Injecting the public interest into ICT standards / John B. Morris -- The government at the standards bazaar / Stacy Baird -- Governments, the public interest, and standards setting / D. Linda Garcia -- Securing the root / Brenden Kuerbis and Milton Mueller -- Open document standards for government, the South Africa experience / Andrew Rens -- An economic basis for open standards / Rishab Ghosh -- Open innovation and interoperability / Nick Tsilas -- Standards, trade, and development / John Wilson -- Questioning copyright in standards / Pamela Samuelson -- Constructing legitimacy : the W3C's patent policy / Andrew Russell -- Common and uncommon knowledge : reducing conflict between standards and patents / Brian Kahin -- ICT standard setting today : a system under stress / Andrew Updegrove -- Software standards, openness, and interoperability / Robert Sutor -- Open standards : definition and policy / Ken Krechmer. Elektronische Ausgabe unter: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/academiccompletetitles/home.action; http://site.ebrary.com/lib/alltitles/docDetail.action?docID=10496262.
    Footnote
    Rez. in: JASIST 64(2013) no.4, S.868-870 (B. Chawner)

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