-
Nicolaisen, J.: Citation analysis (2007)
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- Date
- 13. 7.2008 19:53:22
-
Metz, A.: Community service : a bibliography (1996)
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- Date
- 17.10.1996 14:22:33
-
Belkin, N.J.; Croft, W.B.: Retrieval techniques (1987)
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- Annual review of information science and technology. 22(1987), S.109-145
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Smith, L.C.: Artificial intelligence and information retrieval (1987)
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- Annual review of information science and technology. 22(1987), S.41-77
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Warner, A.J.: Natural language processing (1987)
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- Annual review of information science and technology. 22(1987), S.79-108
-
Khoo, S.G.; Na, J.-C.: Semantic relations in information science (2006)
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- Abstract
- This chapter examines the nature of semantic relations and their main applications in information science. The nature and types of semantic relations are discussed from the perspectives of linguistics and psychology. An overview of the semantic relations used in knowledge structures such as thesauri and ontologies is provided, as well as the main techniques used in the automatic extraction of semantic relations from text. The chapter then reviews the use of semantic relations in information extraction, information retrieval, question-answering, and automatic text summarization applications. Concepts and relations are the foundation of knowledge and thought. When we look at the world, we perceive not a mass of colors but objects to which we automatically assign category labels. Our perceptual system automatically segments the world into concepts and categories. Concepts are the building blocks of knowledge; relations act as the cement that links concepts into knowledge structures. We spend much of our lives identifying regular associations and relations between objects, events, and processes so that the world has an understandable structure and predictability. Our lives and work depend on the accuracy and richness of this knowledge structure and its web of relations. Relations are needed for reasoning and inferencing. Chaffin and Herrmann (1988b, p. 290) noted that "relations between ideas have long been viewed as basic to thought, language, comprehension, and memory." Aristotle's Metaphysics (Aristotle, 1961; McKeon, expounded on several types of relations. The majority of the 30 entries in a section of the Metaphysics known today as the Philosophical Lexicon referred to relations and attributes, including cause, part-whole, same and opposite, quality (i.e., attribute) and kind-of, and defined different types of each relation. Hume (1955) pointed out that there is a connection between successive ideas in our minds, even in our dreams, and that the introduction of an idea in our mind automatically recalls an associated idea. He argued that all the objects of human reasoning are divided into relations of ideas and matters of fact and that factual reasoning is founded on the cause-effect relation. His Treatise of Human Nature identified seven kinds of relations: resemblance, identity, relations of time and place, proportion in quantity or number, degrees in quality, contrariety, and causation. Mill (1974, pp. 989-1004) discoursed on several types of relations, claiming that all things are either feelings, substances, or attributes, and that attributes can be a quality (which belongs to one object) or a relation to other objects.
Linguists in the structuralist tradition (e.g., Lyons, 1977; Saussure, 1959) have asserted that concepts cannot be defined on their own but only in relation to other concepts. Semantic relations appear to reflect a logical structure in the fundamental nature of thought (Caplan & Herrmann, 1993). Green, Bean, and Myaeng (2002) noted that semantic relations play a critical role in how we represent knowledge psychologically, linguistically, and computationally, and that many systems of knowledge representation start with a basic distinction between entities and relations. Green (2001, p. 3) said that "relationships are involved as we combine simple entities to form more complex entities, as we compare entities, as we group entities, as one entity performs a process on another entity, and so forth. Indeed, many things that we might initially regard as basic and elemental are revealed upon further examination to involve internal structure, or in other words, internal relationships." Concepts and relations are often expressed in language and text. Language is used not just for communicating concepts and relations, but also for representing, storing, and reasoning with concepts and relations. We shall examine the nature of semantic relations from a linguistic and psychological perspective, with an emphasis on relations expressed in text. The usefulness of semantic relations in information science, especially in ontology construction, information extraction, information retrieval, question-answering, and text summarization is discussed. Research and development in information science have focused on concepts and terms, but the focus will increasingly shift to the identification, processing, and management of relations to achieve greater effectiveness and refinement in information science techniques. Previous chapters in ARIST on natural language processing (Chowdhury, 2003), text mining (Trybula, 1999), information retrieval and the philosophy of language (Blair, 2003), and query expansion (Efthimiadis, 1996) provide a background for this discussion, as semantic relations are an important part of these applications.
-
Edwin, A.; Fleming, D.: Reference and information services (1992)
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- Abstract
- State of the art review of UK reference and information services during the period 1986-1990 covering the following topics: national aspects of reference and information work; regional and local issues in reference and information work; cooperation and reference services; resources management, staffing and new developments; catalogues; information for business and industry; resource collection in reference libraries (government publications, statistics, law, patents and standards); and information technology
-
Billick, D.: ¬A selective bibliography on library imaging technology and applications (1995)
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- Abstract
- Selectively surveys recent materials (mostly from 1990 to 1994) on basic imaging technologies like scanners, storage media, display units and compression; and reviews in a summary way publications of general interest to library professionals. Emphasizes material from the public and academic library domains. Excludes museum librarianship, records management and commercial/ industrial applications although a few references are included as representative of various approaches to exploiting imaging capabilities
-
El-Sherbini, M.: Selected cataloging tools on the Internet (2003)
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- Abstract
- This bibliography contains selected cataloging tools an the Internet. It is divided into seven sections as follows: authority management and subject headings tools; cataloging tools by type of materials; dictionaries, encyclopedias, and place names; listservs and workshops; software and vendors; technical service professional organizations; and journals and newsletters. Resources are arranged in alphabetical order under each topic. Selected cataloging tools are annotated. There is some overlap since a given web site can cover many tools.
-
Grudin, J.: Human-computer interaction (2011)
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- Date
- 27.12.2014 18:54:22
-
Høyrup, E.: Books about mathematics : history, philosophy, education, models, system theory, and works of reference etc (1979)
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-
Bawden, D.: Browsing : theory and practice (1993)
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- Source
- Perspectives in information management. 3(1993) no.1, S.67-81
-
Glynn, K.; Koenig, M.E.D.: Small business and information technology (1995)
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- Theme
- Information Resources Management
-
Chen, H.; Chau, M.: Web mining : machine learning for Web applications (2003)
0.01
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- Abstract
- With more than two billion pages created by millions of Web page authors and organizations, the World Wide Web is a tremendously rich knowledge base. The knowledge comes not only from the content of the pages themselves, but also from the unique characteristics of the Web, such as its hyperlink structure and its diversity of content and languages. Analysis of these characteristics often reveals interesting patterns and new knowledge. Such knowledge can be used to improve users' efficiency and effectiveness in searching for information an the Web, and also for applications unrelated to the Web, such as support for decision making or business management. The Web's size and its unstructured and dynamic content, as well as its multilingual nature, make the extraction of useful knowledge a challenging research problem. Furthermore, the Web generates a large amount of data in other formats that contain valuable information. For example, Web server logs' information about user access patterns can be used for information personalization or improving Web page design.
-
Walravens, H.: ISBN - International Standard Book Number : bibliography ; literature on the ISBN and ISMN (International Standard Music Number) from all over the world : compiled and with a review about 40 years ISBN = ISBN - Internationale Standard Buchnummer (2011)
0.01
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- Abstract
- Innovative Ideen setzen sich in den meisten Fällen schwer durch. Die elektronische Revolution erfordert neues Management und neue Organisation auf dem Informationsmarkt. Ein Instrument, das zunehmend an Bedeutung gewann, ist die ISBN Nummer, die jedem Buch seine Individualsignatur gibt und daher zur Globalisierung des Marktes beitrug. Hartmut Walravens hat die Entwicklung der ISBN maßgeblich beeinflusst, die durch die umfassende Bibliographie und einen Überblick dokumentiert wird.
-
Rader, H.B.: Library orientation and instruction - 1993 (1994)
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- Source
- Reference services review. 22(1994) no.4, S.81-
-
Busch, J.: Bibliographie zum Bibliotheks- und Büchereiwesen : aus dem Nachlaß bearbeitet von U. von Dietze (1966)
0.01
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- Footnote
- Darin unter '4 Katalogwesen' die Gruppen: '4e: Realkatalog. Systematik' (S.126ff.); '4f: Verhältnis System-Aufstellung. Standortsbezeichnungen. Magazinaufstellung. Storage-Bibliothek' (S.136ff.); '4g: Schlagwortkatalog. Schlagwortregister' (S.138ff.)
-
Brooks, D.: System-system interaction in computerized indexing of visual materials : a selected review (1988)
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-
Zendulkova, D.: Bibliografia CDS/ISIS (1997)
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- Abstract
- Presents a bibliography of literature and Internet information devoted to the CDS/ISIS system. The Internet information is listed on the WWW server of the Wageningen Agricultural University Library (Holland), which is a Gopher server, with links to other Internet sites of interest
-
Gupta, S.: Decimal Classification System : a bibliography for the period 1876-1994 (1997)
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