Search (69 results, page 1 of 4)

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Abstract

Report on the multimedia project being implemented at the historically important Panizzi public library in Reggio Emilia. The library's collection of about 800.000 photographs of local and historical interest is being catalogued in a database, using TinPhoto software, while the photos are being recorded on analog videodisks. Similar filing procedures apply to the library's stamp collection division. The audiovisual section has a laboratory that produces AV programmes on U-matic and VHS cassettes. The library will utilise the versatile Zetesis program to create a unified OPAC that links all its separate divisions

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Abstract

Presents the basic ideas underlying fuzzy set theory, developed by Zadeh in the 1960s, which has important appplications in information retrieval and documentation. A fuzzy information retrieval system is much less restrictive that a Boolean model, since results can be arranged according to degree of similarity. Another application of the theory concerns the use of linguistic quantifiers; this type of solution is well adapted to retrieval systems designed for direct operation by end-users. Illustraes with examples fuzzy set algebra, operation, relationships, logic and reasoning

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Abstract

Looks at how new information search and retrieval technology is creating the so-called desktop library. Current full text retrieval (FTR) systems have extended search operations to the whole content of an electronic document. Research can be not simply Boolean but also by natural language processing (NLP). A matter of concern to librarians is the ability of the latest FTR search angines to construct automatic indexes. In the field of network information discovery and retrieval (NIDR) the 2 most important protocols for librarians are the international SR / Z39.50 standard and http. Describes the differing operations of FTR and NIDR as they affect the end-user

Footnote

Übers. des Titels: Information search and retrieval

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Abstract

Examines in detail the author cataloguing practices adopted by the Italian National Library Service, as set out in its 1995 Cataloguing Guide (Guida SBN), and discusses how far these practices accord with the standard 1979 RICA author cataloguing rules. Since the author headings prescribed by RICA include personal names, corporate names and titles, this survey looks at all such SBN catalogue entries having an access point function. Presents many examples of standard and variant forms of heading, and reviews control procedures

Date

22. 2.1999 20:40:57

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Abstract

In some areas of librarianship, such as cataloguing and subject classification, there are established rulebooks to guide librarians in their work. Information librarians however have no such aid; their metier is more an art than a profession, since reader queries may concern any aspect of human knowledge. After analysing hundreds of information library reader requests; G. Jahoda and colleagues have sought to formulate self-operating rules for interpreting such queries, utilising the 2 basic elements - what is 'known' and what is 'required' - contained in each request. Lists the categories into which each element breaks down. When presented in matrix form these can indicate the type of reference work to consult to resolve any reader queries

Date

6. 4.1996 13:22:31

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Abstract

The head of electronic engineering at Florence's Universita degli Studi describes how the department has used digitized imaging and computer reconstructions to aid the restoration and preservation of works of art in museums such as the Uffizi. The dapertmant shares in the MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) Toscana Telecoms project, whose applications include remote access to libraries and museums; and it also takes part in the EU MUSA project, which developed the Vasari (Visual Arts Systems Archiving Retrieval Images) scanner, and in the RAMA (Remote Access to Museum Archives) scheme

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Abstract

Library information service assessment studies can help the reference librarian to form an accurate judgement on the library's structure and organization in terms of: efficiency; effectiveness; and cost/benefit ratio. These 3 assessment criteria can be applied to the following areas: staff; users; user requests; answers provided; library information service potential; and collection and documentation resources. Each of these areas yields further sub-categories for evaluation. Data collection methods depend on the end purpose of the assessment study, but may include the issue of questionnaires to librarians and users, and non invasive observation of user activities. The studies can be unpopular, as they may result in cuts in staff or services

Date

6. 4.1996 13:22:31

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Abstract

In relation to indexing, one of the chief implications of cognitive epistemology is the necessity for redefining knowledge representation concepts for information filing and retrieval purposes. Such a redefinition involves abandoning the traditional, hierarchical, closed-structure classification model. Considers the following in detail: a semiotic critique of classification principles; Ranganathan's classification theory; Ranganathan and cognitive epistemology; and some reflections on the DDC and the Bliss Bibliographic Classification

Content

T.1 in: Bibliotecario 1995, no.1, S.277-301

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Abstract

The Political Sciences Library of the University of Padua completed in 1994 a pilot project to add all its book material purchased since 1970 (some 20.000 monographs) to its public online catalogue. The library decided against creating a parallel database, and to work instead directly thorugh its existing SBN base, thus avoiding duplication of authors and titles and saving time. Library of Congress tapes were acquired and a special rapid cataloguing software (RAP) was developed, written in natural-Adabas. Describes the project's methodology, problems and results

Footnote

A scheme for the automated retrieval of old library stock

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Abstract

As a solution for networked information retrieval the ISO has adopted the SR/Z39.50 protocol. Debate however continues, particularly as regards OPAC, on the relatice merits of Z39.50 and the facilities afforded by the WWW, which based on the http protocol. Examines the features of these 2 solutions for OPAC, and also describes the ARCA project, set up in 1995 with finance from the EC Libraries programme to implement the Z39.50 protocol

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Abstract

Book dedications by authors, often in verse form and appearing just before the title page, are one of the 6 elements describes by the French scholar Genette as paratextual. For some reasons dedications have failed to interest librarians, yet books containing them can be a valid object of bibliographic study, for the reasons that they carry special markings: are an example of a specific literary or semantic class; and reveal linguistic/stylistic features. Examines the history of literary dedications, citing examples by well-known writers, and suggests that cataloguing software should have a special field to record dedication

Date

22. 2.1999 20:41:06

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Abstract

Reports an empirical study at the Queriniana Civic Library, Brescia, of interaction betwee researchers and printed catalogues during bibliographic data retrieval. The study sought to ascertain frequency of catalogue use; research success rate and time taken; and to identify user profiles. Data were obtained by a mixture of questionnaires, interviews and direct observation. Findings showed that 64% of the catalogue users were female; 70% were aged 19-30; 65% were university students or had good school grades; and hardly any were working class. University students preferred keyword access. 50% or all searches were successful. Most search failures related to subject catalogues, which usually required more time. Provides statistics on time spent in research

Footnote

Übers. des Titels: Catalogue use in the library

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Abstract

Examines the structure and functions of the Bavarian regional electronic network, the Bibliotheksverbund Bayern (BVB), linking more than 60 academic and sceintific libraries. Utilising the Sokrates automation program, the system promotes close cooperation in technical and management matters, especially in relation to acquisitions, cataloguing, data retrieval and loans. BVB projects include the following: reconversion and digitization of printed catalogues, starting with the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek; automation of remote lending operations (within the national DBV-OSI scheme); the Elektra document order and supply service; and an electronic full-text document project

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Abstract

The Stuttgart University of Library and Information Studies has collected interesting data from a questionnaire based study of CDS/ISIS retrieval system application. Replies from 34 worldwide users, all with Internet access, suggest that CDS/ISIS is mostly used with stand-alone PCs, and that there is much interest in the possible use of CDS/ISIS on UNIX platforms. In 19 cases, CDS/ISIS application s relate to library functions, while in the areas of technology, medicine and the environment most databases are CDS/ISIS-structured and designed for local or internal use. The study also provides data on areas such as CDS/ISIS user groups and development programmes

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Abstract

The interfaculty centre of Bologna University began 2 years ago a project to 'translate' UDC codes into a user friendly thesaurus, with the object of creating an accurate, easy to use tool for online researches, especially those relating to periodical titles. The UDC numerical codes have been linked by a method based on synonyms to a series of corresponding verbal indices which express in natural language the concepts expressed by the codes. Thus researchers can retrieve information not only through UDC codes but also through their analogous verbal descriptors. Describes the progress of the UDC project so far, and some problems encountered

Theme

Klassifikationssysteme im Online-Retrieval

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Abstract

Looks at current research into the cognitve aspects of information search and retrieval by library users. Illustrates the theoretical approach to indexing procedures, developed from a cognitive viewpoint, and outlines the basics of cognitive epistemology. Discusses the work of psychologist W. Kintsch and linguist T.A. van Dijk on the mechanics of information acquisition, text comprehension and text production. Analyses the linguistic theory of meaning, and summarises the main criticisms of the cognitive approach, as propounded by B. Frohmann, B.C. Brookes, R.L. Derr and D. Rudd, among others

Content

T.2 in: Bibliotecario 1996, no.2, S.259-293

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Footnote

Rez. in: Knowledge organization 34(2007) no.1, S.58-60 (P. Buizza): "This Nuovo soggettario is the first sign of subject indexing renewal in Italy. Italian subject indexing has been based until now on Soggettario per i cataloghi delle biblioteche italiane (Firenze, 1956), a list of preferred terms and see references, with suitable hierarchical subdivisions and cross references, derived from the subject catalogue of the National Library in Florence (BNCF). New headings later used in Bibliografia nazionale italiana (BNI) were added without references, nor indeed with any real maintenance. Systematic instructions on how to combine the terms are lacking: the indexer using this instrument is obliged to infer the order of terms absent from the lists by consulting analogous entries. Italian libraries are suffering from the limits of this subject catalogue: vocabulary is inadequate, obsolete and inconsistent, the syndetic structure incomplete and inaccurate, and the syntax ill-defined, poorly explained and unable to reflect complex subjects. In the nineties, the Subject Indexing Research Group (Gruppo di ricerca sull'indicizzazione per soggetto, GRIS) of the AIB (Italian Library Association) developed the indexing theory and some principles of PRECIS and drew up guidelines based on consistent principles for vocabulary, semantic relationships and subject string construction, the latter according to role syntax (Guida 1997). In overhauling the Soggettario, the National Library in Florence aimed at a comprehensive indexing system. (A report on the method and evolution of the work has been published in Knowledge Organization (Lucarelli 2005), while the feasibility study is available in Italian (Per un nuovo Soggettario 2002). Any usable terms from the old Soggettario will be transferred to the new system, while taking into consideration international norms and interlinguistic compatibility, as well as applications outside the immediate library context. The terms will be accessible via a suitable OPAC operating on the most advanced software.
The guide Nuovo soggettario was presented on February 8' 2007 at a one-day seminar in the Palazzo Vecchio, Florence, in front of some 500 spellbound people. The Nuovo soggettario comes in two parts: the guide in book-form and an accompanying CD-ROM, by way of which a prototype of the thesaurus may be accessed on the Internet. In the former, rules are stated; the latter contains a pdf version of the guide and the first installment of the controlled vocabulary, which is to be further enriched and refined. Syntactic instructions (general application guidelines, as well as special annotations of particular terms) and the compiled subject strings file have yet to be added. The essentials of the new system are: 1) an analytic-synthetic approach, 2) use of terms (units of controlled vocabulary) and subject strings (which represent subjects by combining terms in linear order to form syntactic relationships), instead of main headings and subdivisions, 3) specificity of terms and strings, with a view to the co-extension of subject string and subject matter and 4) a clear distinction between semantic and syntactic relationships, with full control of them both. Basic features of the vocabulary include the uniformity and univocality of terms and thesaural management of a priori (semantic) relationships. Starting from its definition, each term can be categorially analyzed: four macro-categories are represented (agents, action, things, time), for which there are subcategories called facets (e.g., for actions: activities, disciplines, processes), which in turn have sub-facets. Morphological instructions conform to national and international standards, including BS 8723, ANSI/ NISO Z39.19 and the IFLA draft of Guidelines for multilingual thesauri, even for syntactic factorization. Different kinds of semantic relationships are represented thoroughly, and particular attention is paid to poly-hierarchies, which are used only in moderation: both top terms must actually be relevant. Node labels are used to specify the principle of division applied. Instance relationships are also used.
An entry is structured so as to present all the essential elements of the indexing system. For each term are given: category, facet, related terms, Dewey interdisciplinary class number and, if necessary; definition or scope notes. Sources used are referenced (an appendix in the book lists those used in the current work). Historical notes indicate whenever a change of term has occurred, thus smoothing the transition from the old lists. In chapter 5, the longest one, detailed instructions with practical examples show how to create entries and how to relate terms; upper relationships must always be complete, right up to the top term, whereas hierarchies of related terms not yet fully developed may remain unfinished. Subject string construction consists in a double operation: analysis and synthesis. The former is the analysis of logical functions performed by single concepts in the definition of the subject (e.g., transitive actions, object, agent, etc.) or in syntactic relationships (transitive relationships and belonging relationship), so that each term for those concepts is assigned its role (e.g., key concept, transitive element, agent, instrument, etc.) in the subject string, where the core is distinct from the complementary roles (e.g., place, time, form, etc.). Synthesis is based on a scheme of nuclear and complementary roles, and citation order follows agreed-upon principles of one-to-one relationships and logical dependence. There is no standard citation order based on facets, in a categorial logic, but a flexible one, although thorough. For example, it is possible for a time term (subdivision) to precede an action term, when the former is related to the latter as the object of action: "Arazzi - Sec. 16.-17. - Restauro" [Tapestry - 16th-17th century - Restoration] (p. 126). So, even with more complex subjects, it is possible to produce perfectly readable strings covering the whole of the subject matter without splitting it into two incomplete and complementary headings. To this end, some unusual connectives are adopted, giving the strings a more discursive style.
Thesaurus software is based on AgroVoc (http:// www.fao.org/aims/ag_intro.htm) provided by the FAO, but in modified form. Many searching options and contextualization within the full hierarchies are possible, so that the choice of morphology and syntax of terms and strings is made easier by the complete overview of semantic relationships. New controlled terms will be available soon, thanks to the work in progress - there are now 13,000 terms, of which 40 percent are non-preferred. In three months, free Internet access by CD-ROM will cease and a subscription will be needed. The digital version of old Soggettario and the corresponding unstructured lists of headings adopted in 1956-1985 are accessible together with the thesaurus, so that the whole vocabulary, old and new, will be at the fingertips of the indexer, who is forced to work with both tools during this transition period. In the future, it will be possible to integrate the thesaurus into library OPACs. The two parts form a very consistent and detailed resource. The guide is filled with examples; the accurate, clearly-expressed and consistent instructions are further enhanced by good use of fonts and type size, facilitating reading. The thesaurus is simple and quick to use, very rich, albeit only a prototype; see, for instance, a list of DDC numbers and related terms with their category and facet, and then entries, hierarchies and so on, and the capacity of the structure to show organized knowledge. The excellent outcome of a demanding experimentation, the intended guide welcomes in a new era of subject indexing in Italy and is highly recommended. The new method has been designed to be easily teachable to new and experimented indexers.
Now BNI is beginning to use the new language, pointing the way for the adoption of Nuovo soggettario in Italian libraries: a difficult challenge whose success is not assured. To name only one issue: including all fields of study requires particular care in treating terms with different specialized meanings; cooperation of other libraries and institutions is foreseen. At the same time, efforts are being made to assure the system's interoperability outside the library world. It is clear that a great commitment is required. "Too complex a system!" say the naysayers. "Only at the beginning," the proponents reply. The new system goes against the mainstream, compared with the imitation of the easy way offered by search engines - but we know that they must enrich their devices to improve quality, just repeating the work on semantic and syntactic relationships that leads formal expressions to the meanings they are intended to communicate - and also compared with research to create automated devices supporting human work, for the need to simplify cataloguing. Here AI is not involved, but automation is widely used to facilitate and to support the conscious work of indexers guided by rules as clear as possible. The advantage of Nuovo soggettario is its combination of a thesaurus (a much-appreciated tool used across the world) with the equally widespread technique of subject-string construction, which is to say: the rational and predictable combination of the terms used. The appearance of this original, unparalleled working model may well be a great occasion in the international development of indexing, as, on one hand, the Nuovo soggettario uses a recognized tool (the thesaurus) and, on the other, by permitting both pre-coordination and post-coordination, it attempts to overcome the fragmentation of increasingly complex and specialized subjects into isolated, single-term descriptors. This is a serious proposition that merits consideration from both theoretical and practical points of view - and outside Italy, too."

Theme

Verbale Doksprachen im Online-Retrieval

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Abstract

Proposes a new experimental methodology for evaluating the results of library research from the user's viewpoint. Illustrates the theory by comparing the efficacy of information retrieved from 2 document catalogues, identical except that one is alphabetical and the other numerical/verbal. The methodology utilises the concept of 3 dependent variables: 'promising references retrieved' by the researcher; 'documents read'; and 'documents cited'. Claims that the retrieval effectiveness of the techniques outlined compares favourably with that of W.S. Cooper's methodology

Footnote

Retrieval effectiveness