Document (#31063)

Author

Giessen, H.W.

Title

Ehrwürdig stille Informationen : Eine Interpretation der Phaidros-Passage unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der McLuhan'schen Unterscheidung in 'kühle' und 'heiße' Medien

Source

Information und Sprache: Beiträge zu Informationswissenschaft, Computerlinguistik, Bibliothekswesen und verwandten Fächern. Festschrift für Harald H. Zimmermann. Herausgegeben von Ilse Harms, Heinz-Dirk Luckhardt und Hans W. Giessen

Imprint

München : Saur

Year

2006

Pages

S.29-34

Abstract

Der folgende Beitrag bezieht sich auf Kommunikationsprozesse. Das klassische Kommunikationsmodell, das schon auf die antike Rhetorik zurückgeht, beschreibt eine Person, von der die Kommunikation ausgeht - das theoretische Modell, auf das heutzutage in der Regel zurückgegriffen wird, Claude Elwood Shannons und Warren Weavers "mathematische Theorie der Kommunikation" (1964), nennt diesen Ausgangspunkt der Kommunikation den 'Sender' -, und die Person, die das Ziel der kommunikativen Bemühungen ist, den 'Empfänger'. Für die Darstellung des Kommunikationsprozesses in historischer Zeit genügen diese beiden Elemente; der Kommunikationsprozess erfolgte in der Regel direkt, da (nahezu ausschließlich) mündlich. (Probleme der Kodierung von Informationen durch Sprache seien an dieser Stelle nicht berücksichtigt.) Unter Umständen benötigen Sender und Empfänger aber auch ein Medium, eine 'Mittelinstanz' (vom lateinischen medium, das Mittlere), damit die kommunikativen Signale gut vom Sender zum Empfänger kommen können. Der Begriff Medium' - Mittelinstanz' macht deutlich, dass damit das 'Sender'-'Empfänger'-Modell nicht aufgegeben wird. Es handelt sich vielmehr um eine Metapher, die den Ort und die Funktion dieser Instanz im Kommunikationsfluss lokalisiert und bewertet. Ein historisch frühes Beispiel für ein solches 'Medium' sind bildhafte Darstellungen in steinzeitlichen Höhlen. Es war jedoch stets (selbst den steinzeitlichen Menschen zumindest unbewusst) klar, dass diese mediale Form des Informationstransfers nicht nur untersucht werden muss, weil sie möglicherweise störanfällig ist oder den Umfang, die Sende- und die Empfangsmöglichkeiten der zu übermittelnden Informationen begrenzt. Schon früh hat sich gezeigt, dass die Metapher problematisch sein kann, weil ein Medium' nicht nur Mittelinstanz' ist, sondern auch selbst die Art und den Inhalt der zu übermittelnden Informationen (mit) beeinflussen kann.

Theme

Information

Field

Kommunikationswissenschaften

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5. Krämer, S.: Vom Mythos »Künstliche Intelligenz« zum Mythos »Künstliche Kommunikation« oder: : Ist eine nicht-anthropomorphe Beschreibung von Internet-Interaktionen möglich? (1997) 0.25

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