-
Hotho, A.; Bloehdorn, S.: Data Mining 2004 : Text classification by boosting weak learners based on terms and concepts (2004)
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- Abstract
- Document representations for text classification are typically based on the classical Bag-Of-Words paradigm. This approach comes with deficiencies that motivate the integration of features on a higher semantic level than single words. In this paper we propose an enhancement of the classical document representation through concepts extracted from background knowledge. Boosting is used for actual classification. Experimental evaluations on two well known text corpora support our approach through consistent improvement of the results.
- Content
- Vgl.: http://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CEAQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fdownload%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.91.4940%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf&ei=dOXrUMeIDYHDtQahsIGACg&usg=AFQjCNHFWVh6gNPvnOrOS9R3rkrXCNVD-A&sig2=5I2F5evRfMnsttSgFF9g7Q&bvm=bv.1357316858,d.Yms.
- Date
- 8. 1.2013 10:22:32
- Source
- Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM 2004), 1-4 November 2004, Brighton, UK
-
Noever, D.; Ciolino, M.: ¬The Turing deception (2022)
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- Abstract
- This research revisits the classic Turing test and compares recent large language models such as ChatGPT for their abilities to reproduce human-level comprehension and compelling text generation. Two task challenges- summary and question answering- prompt ChatGPT to produce original content (98-99%) from a single text entry and sequential questions initially posed by Turing in 1950. We score the original and generated content against the OpenAI GPT-2 Output Detector from 2019, and establish multiple cases where the generated content proves original and undetectable (98%). The question of a machine fooling a human judge recedes in this work relative to the question of "how would one prove it?" The original contribution of the work presents a metric and simple grammatical set for understanding the writing mechanics of chatbots in evaluating their readability and statistical clarity, engagement, delivery, overall quality, and plagiarism risks. While Turing's original prose scores at least 14% below the machine-generated output, whether an algorithm displays hints of Turing's true initial thoughts (the "Lovelace 2.0" test) remains unanswerable.
- Source
- https%3A%2F%2Farxiv.org%2Fabs%2F2212.06721&usg=AOvVaw3i_9pZm9y_dQWoHi6uv0EN
-
Haas, S.W.: Natural language processing : toward large-scale, robust systems (1996)
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- Abstract
- State of the art review of natural language processing updating an earlier review published in ARIST 22(1987). Discusses important developments that have allowed for significant advances in the field of natural language processing: materials and resources; knowledge based systems and statistical approaches; and a strong emphasis on evaluation. Reviews some natural language processing applications and common problems still awaiting solution. Considers closely related applications such as language generation and th egeneration phase of machine translation which face the same problems as natural language processing. Covers natural language methodologies for information retrieval only briefly
- Source
- Annual review of information science and technology. 31(1996), S.83-119
-
Lonsdale, D.; Mitamura, T.; Nyberg, E.: Acquisition of large lexicons for practical knowledge-based MT (1994/95)
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- Abstract
- Although knowledge based MT systems have the potential to achieve high translation accuracy, each successful application system requires a large amount of hand coded lexical knowledge. Systems like KBMT-89 and its descendants have demonstarted how knowledge based translation can produce good results in technical domains with tractable domain semantics. Nevertheless, the magnitude of the development task for large scale applications with 10s of 1000s of of domain concepts precludes a purely hand crafted approach. The current challenge for the next generation of knowledge based MT systems is to utilize online textual resources and corpus analysis software in order to automate the most laborious aspects of the knowledge acquisition process. This partial automation can in turn maximize the productivity of human knowledge engineers and help to make large scale applications of knowledge based MT an viable approach. Discusses the corpus based knowledge acquisition methodology used in KANT, a knowledge based translation system for multilingual document production. This methodology can be generalized beyond the KANT interlinhua approach for use with any system that requires similar kinds of knowledge
-
Czejdo. B.D.; Tucci, R.P.: ¬A dataflow graphical language for database applications (1994)
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- Abstract
- Discusses a graphical language for information retrieval and processing. A lot of recent activity has occured in the area of improving access to database systems. However, current results are restricted to simple interfacing of database systems. Proposes a graphical language for specifying complex applications
- Source
- CIT - Journal of computing and information technology. 2(1994) no.1, S.39-50
-
Doszkocs, T.E.; Zamora, A.: Dictionary services and spelling aids for Web searching (2004)
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- Abstract
- The Specialized Information Services Division (SIS) of the National Library of Medicine (NLM) provides Web access to more than a dozen scientific databases on toxicology and the environment on TOXNET . Search queries on TOXNET often include misspelled or variant English words, medical and scientific jargon and chemical names. Following the example of search engines like Google and ClinicalTrials.gov, we set out to develop a spelling "suggestion" system for increased recall and precision in TOXNET searching. This paper describes development of dictionary technology that can be used in a variety of applications such as orthographic verification, writing aid, natural language processing, and information storage and retrieval. The design of the technology allows building complex applications using the components developed in the earlier phases of the work in a modular fashion without extensive rewriting of computer code. Since many of the potential applications envisioned for this work have on-line or web-based interfaces, the dictionaries and other computer components must have fast response, and must be adaptable to open-ended database vocabularies, including chemical nomenclature. The dictionary vocabulary for this work was derived from SIS and other databases and specialized resources, such as NLM's Unified Medical Language Systems (UMLS) . The resulting technology, A-Z Dictionary (AZdict), has three major constituents: 1) the vocabulary list, 2) the word attributes that define part of speech and morphological relationships between words in the list, and 3) a set of programs that implements the retrieval of words and their attributes, and determines similarity between words (ChemSpell). These three components can be used in various applications such as spelling verification, spelling aid, part-of-speech tagging, paraphrasing, and many other natural language processing functions.
- Date
- 14. 8.2004 17:22:56
- Source
- Online. 28(2004) no.3, S.22-29
-
Liddy, E.D.: Natural language processing for information retrieval and knowledge discovery (1998)
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- Abstract
- Natural language processing (NLP) is a powerful technology for the vital tasks of information retrieval (IR) and knowledge discovery (KD) which, in turn, feed the visualization systems of the present and future and enable knowledge workers to focus more of their time on the vital tasks of analysis and prediction
- Date
- 22. 9.1997 19:16:05
- Imprint
- Urbana-Champaign, IL : Illinois University at Urbana-Champaign, Graduate School of Library and Information Science
- Source
- Visualizing subject access for 21st century information resources: Papers presented at the 1997 Clinic on Library Applications of Data Processing, 2-4 Mar 1997, Graduate School of Library and Information Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Ed.: P.A. Cochrane et al
-
Rettinger, A.; Schumilin, A.; Thoma, S.; Ell, B.: Learning a cross-lingual semantic representation of relations expressed in text (2015)
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- Series
- Information Systems and Applications, incl. Internet/Web, and HCI; Bd. 9088
-
Rahmstorf, G.: Compositional semantics and concept representation (1991)
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- Abstract
- Concept systems are not only used in the sciences, but also in secondary supporting fields, e.g. in libraries, in documentation, in terminology and increasingly also in knowledge representation. It is suggested that the development of concept systems be based on semantic analysis. Methodical steps are described. The principle of morpho-syntactic composition in semantics will serve as a theoretical basis for the suggested method. The implications and limitations of this principle will be demonstrated
- Source
- Classification, data analysis, and knowledge organization: models and methods with applications. Proc. of the 14th annual conf. of the Gesellschaft für Klassifikation, Univ. of Marburg, 12.-14.3.1990. Ed.: H.-H. Bock u. P. Ihm
-
Croft, W.B.: Knowledge-based and statistical approaches to text retrieval (1993)
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- Source
- IEEE expert intelligent systems and their applications. 8(1993) no.2, S.8-12
-
Hutchins, J.: ¬A new era in machine translation research (1995)
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- Abstract
- In the 1980s the dominant framework for machine translation research was the approach based on essentially linguistic rules. Describes the new approaches of the 1990s which are based on large text corpora, the alignment of bilingual texts, the use of statistical methods and the use of parallel corpora for example based translation. Most systems are now designed for specialized applications, such as restricted to controlled languages, to a sublanguage or to s specific domain, to a perticular organization or to a particular user type. In addition, the field is widening with research under way on speech translation, on systems for monolingual users not knowing target languages, on systems for multilingual generation directly from structured databases, and in general for uses other than those traditionally associated with translation services
-
Mustafa el Hadi, W.: Automatic term recognition & extraction tools : examining the new interfaces and their effective communication role in LSP discourse (1998)
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- Abstract
- In this paper we will discuss the possibility of reorienting NLP (Natural Language Processing) systems towards the extraction, not only of terms and their semantic relations, but also towards a variety of other uses; the storage, accessing and retrieving of Language for Special Purposes (LSPZ-20) lexical combinations, the provision of contexts and other information on terms through the integration of more interfaces to terminological data-bases, term managing systems and existing NLP systems. The aim of making such interfaces available is to increase the efficiency of the systems and improve the terminology-oriented text analysis. Since automatic term extraction is the backbone of many applications such as machine translation (MT), indexing, technical writing, thesaurus construction and knowledge representation developments in this area will have asignificant impact
- Source
- Structures and relations in knowledge organization: Proceedings of the 5th International ISKO-Conference, Lille, 25.-29.8.1998. Ed.: W. Mustafa el Hadi et al
-
Stoykova, V.; Petkova, E.: Automatic extraction of mathematical terms for precalculus (2012)
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- Abstract
- In this work, we present the results of research for evaluating a methodology for extracting mathematical terms for precalculus using the techniques for semantically-oriented statistical search. We use the corpus-based approach and the combination of different statistically-based techniques for extracting keywords, collocations and co-occurrences incorporated in the Sketch Engine software. We evaluate the collocations candidate terms for the basic concept function(s) and approve the related methodology by precalculus domain conceptual terms definitions. Finally, we offer a conceptual terms hierarchical representation and discuss the results with respect to their possible applications.
-
Muresan, S.; Klavans, J.L.: Inducing terminologies from text : a case study for the consumer health domain (2013)
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- Abstract
- Specialized medical ontologies and terminologies, such as SNOMED CT and the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS), have been successfully leveraged in medical information systems to provide a standard web-accessible medium for interoperability, access, and reuse. However, these clinically oriented terminologies and ontologies cannot provide sufficient support when integrated into consumer-oriented applications, because these applications must "understand" both technical and lay vocabulary. The latter is not part of these specialized terminologies and ontologies. In this article, we propose a two-step approach for building consumer health terminologies from text: 1) automatic extraction of definitions from consumer-oriented articles and web documents, which reflects language in use, rather than relying solely on dictionaries, and 2) learning to map definitions expressed in natural language to terminological knowledge by inducing a syntactic-semantic grammar rather than using hand-written patterns or grammars. We present quantitative and qualitative evaluations of our two-step approach, which show that our framework could be used to induce consumer health terminologies from text.
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 64(2013) no.4, S.727-744
-
Basili, R.; Pazienza, M.T.; Velardi, P.: ¬An empirical symbolic approach to natural language processing (1996)
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- Abstract
- Describes and evaluates the results of a large scale lexical learning system, ARISTO-LEX, that uses a combination of probabilisitc and knowledge based methods for the acquisition of selectional restrictions of words in sublanguages. Presents experimental data obtained from different corpora in different doamins and languages, and shows that the acquired lexical data not only have practical applications in natural language processing, but they are useful for a comparative analysis of sublanguages
- Date
- 6. 3.1997 16:22:15
-
Shen, M.; Liu, D.-R.; Huang, Y.-S.: Extracting semantic relations to enrich domain ontologies (2012)
0.03
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- Abstract
- Domain ontologies facilitate the organization, sharing and reuse of domain knowledge, and enable various vertical domain applications to operate successfully. Most methods for automatically constructing ontologies focus on taxonomic relations, such as is-kind-of and is- part-of relations. However, much of the domain-specific semantics is ignored. This work proposes a semi-unsupervised approach for extracting semantic relations from domain-specific text documents. The approach effectively utilizes text mining and existing taxonomic relations in domain ontologies to discover candidate keywords that can represent semantic relations. A preliminary experiment on the natural science domain (Taiwan K9 education) indicates that the proposed method yields valuable recommendations. This work enriches domain ontologies by adding distilled semantics.
- Source
- Journal of Intelligent Information Systems
-
Chowdhury, G.G.: Natural language processing (2002)
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- Abstract
- Natural Language Processing (NLP) is an area of research and application that explores how computers can be used to understand and manipulate natural language text or speech to do useful things. NLP researchers aim to gather knowledge an how human beings understand and use language so that appropriate tools and techniques can be developed to make computer systems understand and manipulate natural languages to perform desired tasks. The foundations of NLP lie in a number of disciplines, namely, computer and information sciences, linguistics, mathematics, electrical and electronic engineering, artificial intelligence and robotics, and psychology. Applications of NLP include a number of fields of study, such as machine translation, natural language text processing and summarization, user interfaces, multilingual and cross-language information retrieval (CLIR), speech recognition, artificial intelligence, and expert systems. One important application area that is relatively new and has not been covered in previous ARIST chapters an NLP relates to the proliferation of the World Wide Web and digital libraries.
- Source
- Annual review of information science and technology. 37(2003), S.51-90
-
Ingenerf, J.: Disambiguating lexical meaning : conceptual meta-modelling as a means of controlling semantic language analysis (1994)
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- Abstract
- A formal terminology consists of a set of conceptual definitions for the semantical reconstruction of a vocabulary on an intensional level of description. The marking of comparatively abstract concepts as semantic categories and their relational positioning on a meta-level is shown to be instrumental in adapting the conceptual design to domain-specific characteristics. Such a meta-model implies that concepts subsumed by categories may share their compositional possibilities as regards the construction of complex structures. Our approach to language processing leads to an automatic derivation of contextual semantic information about the linguistic expressions under review. This information is encoded by means of values of certain attributes defined in a feature-based grammatical framework. A standard process controlling grammatical analysis, the unification of feature structures, is used for its evaluation. One important example for the usefulness of this approach is the disamgiguation of lexical meaning
- Source
- Information systems and data analysis: prospects - foundations - applications. Proc. of the 17th Annual Conference of the Gesellschaft für Klassifikation, Kaiserslautern, March 3-5, 1993. Ed.: H.-H. Bock et al
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Godby, J.: WordSmith research project bridges gap between tokens and indexes (1998)
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- Abstract
- Reports on an OCLC natural language processing research project to develop methods for identifying terminology in unstructured electronic text, especially material associated with new cultural trends and emerging subjects. Current OCLC production software can only identify single words as indexable terms in full text documents, thus a major goal of the WordSmith project is to develop software that can automatically identify and intelligently organize phrases for uses in database indexes. By analyzing user terminology from local newspapers in the USA, the latest cultural trends and technical developments as well as personal and geographic names have been drawm out. Notes that this new vocabulary can also be mapped into reference works
- Source
- OCLC newsletter. 1998, no.234, Jul/Aug, S.22-24
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Rahmstorf, G.: Information retrieval using conceptual representations of phrases (1994)
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- Abstract
- The information retrieval problem is described starting from an analysis of the concepts 'user's information request' and 'information offerings of texts'. It is shown that natural language phrases are a more adequate medium for expressing information requests and information offerings than character string based query and indexing languages complemented by Boolean oprators. The phrases must be represented as concepts to reach a language invariant level for rule based relevance analysis. The special type of representation called advanced thesaurus is used for the semantic representation of natural language phrases and for relevance processing. The analysis of the retrieval problem leads to a symmetric system structure
- Source
- Information systems and data analysis: prospects - foundations - applications. Proc. of the 17th Annual Conference of the Gesellschaft für Klassifikation, Kaiserslautern, March 3-5, 1993. Ed.: H.-H. Bock et al
