Search (121 results, page 2 of 7)

  • × language_ss:"e"
  • × theme_ss:"Multilinguale Probleme"
  • × year_i:[2000 TO 2010}
  1. Fujita, S.: NTCIR-2 as a Rosetta stone in laboratory experiments of IR systems (2005) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    This paper presents a laboratory based evaluation study of cross-language information retrieval technologies, utilizing partially parallel test collections, NTCIR-2 (used together with NTCIR-1), where Japanese-English parallel document collections, parallel topic sets and their relevance judgments are available. These enable us to observe and compare monolingual retrieval processes in two languages as well as retrieval across languages. Our experiments focused on (1) the Rosetta stone question (whether a partially parallel collection helps in cross-language information access or not?) and (2) two aspects of retrieval difficulties namely "collection discrepancy" and "query discrepancy". Japanese and English monolingual retrieval systems are combined by dictionary based query translation modules so that a symmetrical bilingual evaluation environment is implemented.
    Source
    Information processing and management. 41(2005) no.3, S.489-506
    Type
    a
  2. Garcia Jiménez, A.; Díaz Esteban, A.; Gervás, P.: Knowledge organization in a multilingual system for the personalization of digital news services : how to integrate knowledge (2003) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    In this paper we are concerned with the type of services that send periodic news selections to subscribers of a digital newspaper by means of electronic mail. The aims are to study the influence of categorisation in information retrieval and in digital newspapers, different models to solve problems of bilingualism in digital information services and to analyse the evaluation in information filtering and personalisation in information agents. Hermes is a multilingual system for the personalisation of news services which allows integration and categorisation of information in two languages. In order to customise information for each user, Hermes provides the means for representing a user interests homogeneously across the operating languages of the system. A simple system is applied to train automatically a dynamic news item classifier for both languages, by taking the Yahoo set of categories as reference framework and using the web pages classified under them as training collection. Traditional evaluation methods have been applied and their shortcomings for the present endeavour have been noted.
    Type
    a
  3. Wang, J.-H.; Teng, J.-W.; Lu, W.-H.; Chien, L.-F.: Exploiting the Web as the multilingual corpus for unknown query translation (2006) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Users' cross-lingual queries to a digital library system might be short and the query terms may not be included in a common translation dictionary (unknown terms). In this article, the authors investigate the feasibility of exploiting the Web as the multilingual corpus source to translate unknown query terms for cross-language information retrieval in digital libraries. They propose a Webbased term translation approach to determine effective translations for unknown query terms by mining bilingual search-result pages obtained from a real Web search engine. This approach can enhance the construction of a domain-specific bilingual lexicon and bring multilingual support to a digital library that only has monolingual document collections. Very promising results have been obtained in generating effective translation equivalents for many unknown terms, including proper nouns, technical terms, and Web query terms, and in assisting bilingual lexicon construction for a real digital library system.
    Footnote
    Beitrag einer special topic section on multilingual information systems
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 57(2006) no.5, S.660-670
    Type
    a
  4. Rosemblat, G.; Graham, L.: Cross-language search in a monolingual health information system : flexible designs and lexical processes (2006) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The predominance of English-only online health information poses a serious challenge to nonEnglish speakers. To overcome this barrier, we incorporated cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) techniques into a fully functional prototype. It supports Spanish language searches over an English data set using a Spanish-English bilingual term list (BTL). The modular design allows for system and BTL growth and takes advantage of English-system enhancements. Language-based design decisions and implications for integrating non-English components with the existing monolingual architecture are presented. Algorithmic and BTL improvements are used to bring CUR retrieval scores in line with the monolingual values. After validating these changes, we conducted a failure analysis and error categorization for the worst performing queries. We conclude with a comprehensive discussion and directions for future work.
    Source
    Knowledge organization for a global learning society: Proceedings of the 9th International ISKO Conference, 4-7 July 2006, Vienna, Austria. Hrsg.: G. Budin, C. Swertz u. K. Mitgutsch
    Type
    a
  5. Levow, G.-A.; Oard, D.W.; Resnik, P.: Dictionary-based techniques for cross-language information retrieval (2005) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) systems allow users to find documents written in different languages from that of their query. Simple knowledge structures such as bilingual term lists have proven to be a remarkably useful basis for bridging that language gap. A broad array of dictionary-based techniques have demonstrated utility, but comparison across techniques has been difficult because evaluation results often span only a limited range of conditions. This article identifies the key issues in dictionary-based CLIR, develops unified frameworks for term selection and term translation that help to explain the relationships among existing techniques, and illustrates the effect of those techniques using four contrasting languages for systematic experiments with a uniform query translation architecture. Key results include identification of a previously unseen dependence of pre- and post-translation expansion on orthographic cognates and development of a query-specific measure for translation fanout that helps to explain the utility of structured query methods.
    Source
    Information processing and management. 41(2005) no.3, S.523-548
    Type
    a
  6. Riesthuis, G.J.A.: Information languages and multilingual subject access (2003) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    In this paper the possibilities for a multilingual thesaurus in which not all descriptors in a given language have equivalent descriptors in all other languages and in which the hierarchical structure can have variations in the different languages and a small model of such a thesaurus is given. lt is argued that the searching possibilities that more recent programs for bibliographic databases offer make such non-identical thesauri possible.
    Content
    "1. Introduction Multilingual and crosslingual access to information is receiving more and more attention. Maybe the most important reason for this development is the Internet. There are estimations that about half of its users are people with a mother tongue other than English and that this proportion is growing. Crosslingual access in this context means the possibility to get free text access to information using another (natural) language than the language of the information itself. This type of access is important for users with a good passive knowledge of a language but with only a small active vocabulary of the same language, e.g. a Englishman who can read Russian, but has difficulties in formulating adequate search request in that language. Crosslingual access can also be valuable for monolingual users who can automatically or manually have translations of foreign language documents. The search requests will be translated or converted into the language of the information. Multilingual access assumes that the instruments used for access, the controlled information languages, are available in more than one language. An classic example is the Englishman who uses his English edition of the Universal Decimal Classification to search the catalogue of a library in China, although the classification of the library is done using a Chinese edition. In this case the searching and the classifying results in a notation that is the same irrespective which language edition was used for indexing. Another possibility is the use of a multilingual thesaurus or subject headings list, such the trilingual edition of the Library of Congress Subject Headings built at the Royal Library in Brussels (Belgium) or the Macrothesaurus of the OECD. Here, words are the access points - in one language into which each search request will be converted, or, alternatively, into all the languages involved. Multilingual information languages and guidelines an how to build them are the subject of this paper. Particular attention will be paid to multilingual thesauri."
    Source
    Subject retrieval in a networked environment: Proceedings of the IFLA Satellite Meeting held in Dublin, OH, 14-16 August 2001 and sponsored by the IFLA Classification and Indexing Section, the IFLA Information Technology Section and OCLC. Ed.: I.C. McIlwaine
    Type
    a
  7. Holley, R.P.: ¬The Répertoire de Vedettes-matière de l'Université Laval Library, 1946-92 : Francophone subject access in North America and Europe (2002) 0.01 
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    Date
    10. 9.2000 17:38:22
    Type
    a
  8. Francu, V.: ¬The impact of specificity on the retrieval power of a UDC-based multilingual thesaurus (2003) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The article describes the research done over a bibliographic database in order to show the impact the specificity of the knowledge organising tools may have on information retrieval (IR). For this purpose two multilingual Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) based thesauri having different degrees of specificity are considered. Issues of harmonising a classificatory structure with a thesaurus structure are introduced, and significant aspects of information retrieval in a multilingual environment are examined in an extensive manner. Aspects of complementarity are discussed with particular emphasis on the real impact produced on IR by alternative search facilities. Finally, a number of conclusions are formulated as they arise from the study.
    Content
    Beitrag eines Themenheftes "Knowledge organization and classification in international information retrieval"
    Type
    a
  9. Kralisch, A.; Berendt, B.: Language-sensitive search behaviour and the role of domain knowledge (2005) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    While many websites aim at a large and linguistically diversified audience, they present their information mostly in the languages of larger speakers groups. Little is known about the effect on accessibility. We investigated the influence of a site's language offer on website access and search behaviour with two studies, and studied the interaction of language offers and domain knowledge. To achieve high ecological validity, we analysed data from a multilingual site's web-server logfile and from a questionnaire posted on it, and compared the behaviour of users who accessed the site in a non-native language to that of users who accessed it in their native language. Results from 277,809 user sessions and 165 international survey participants indicate that a website's languages may strongly reduce website access by users not supplied with information in their native language. Once inside a site, non-native speakers with high domain knowledge behave similarly to native speakers. However, non-native speakers' behaviour becomes language-sensitive when they have low domain knowledge.
    Type
    a
  10. Dini, L.: CACAO : multilingual access to bibliographic records (2007) 0.01 
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    Content
    Vortrag anlässlich des Workshops: "Extending the multilingual capacity of The European Library in the EDL project Stockholm, Swedish National Library, 22-23 November 2007".
  11. Kishida, K.: Technical issues of cross-language information retrieval : a review (2005) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    This paper reviews state-of-the-art techniques and methods for enhancing effectiveness of cross-language information retrieval (CLIR). The following research issues are covered: (1) matching strategies and translation techniques, (2) methods for solving the problem of translation ambiguity, (3) formal models for CLIR such as application of the language model, (4) the pivot language approach, (5) methods for searching multilingual document collection, (6) techniques for combining multiple language resources, etc.
    Source
    Information processing and management. 41(2005) no.3, S.433-456
    Type
    a
  12. Francu, V.: Language-independent structures and multilingual information access (2003) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The existence of huge amounts of information available in information systems and networks worldwide imposes the creation of adequate tools able to efficiently organize it and allow its retrieval across geographical, linguistic and cultural boundaries. An indexing language covering all areas of knowledge and converting the language-independent structure of a classification system like the Universal Decimal Classification into a thesaurus structure in more than one language seems to be a solution. Among the key attributes of the indexing language thus obtained we can mention: consistency in indexing, control an terms, user-friendliness. The paper presents the great potential in information retrieval of the combined retrieval method by means of a case study. 1. Introduction Among the consequences of the rapid development of the global information society a major one is the existence of huge amounts of information stored in information systems and networks across geographical, linguistic and cultural boundaries. The need was imposed to create tools and technologies able to efficiently organize and allow retrieval of information in this universal context. Information professionals had to cope not only with the multitude of knowledge organisation and representation systems but also with the multitude of languages the available information is stored in order to provide the users with effective information retrieval tools. For this purpose a real language industry has been developed, theoreticians and researchers making considerable efforts to find feasible solutions to problems of multilingual access by way of natural language processing and machine translation methodologies. Such corporate efforts belong to the CoBRA+ working group for multilingual access to subjects (MACS) or to the cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) tracks of the Text Retrieval Conferences that annually report the progress made in multilingual information access and retrieval. The encouraging results they have obtained so far are still confined to discipline/domain restrictions and most of their achievements are based an language pairs rather than multiple language combinations.
    Type
    a
  13. Mustafa el Hadi, W.: Human language technology and its role in information access and management (2003) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The role of linguistics in information access, extraction and dissemination is essential. Radical changes in the techniques of information and communication at the end of the twentieth century have had a significant effect on the function of the linguistic paradigm and its applications in all forms of communication. The introduction of new technical means have deeply changed the possibilities for the distribution of information. In this situation, what is the role of the linguistic paradigm and its practical applications, i.e., natural language processing (NLP) techniques when applied to information access? What solutions can linguistics offer in human computer interaction, extraction and management? Many fields show the relevance of the linguistic paradigm through the various technologies that require NLP, such as document and message understanding, information detection, extraction, and retrieval, question and answer, cross-language information retrieval (CLIR), text summarization, filtering, and spoken document retrieval. This paper focuses on the central role of human language technologies in the information society, surveys the current situation, describes the benefits of the above mentioned applications, outlines successes and challenges, and discusses solutions. It reviews the resources and means needed to advance information access and dissemination across language boundaries in the twenty-first century. Multilingualism, which is a natural result of globalization, requires more effort in the direction of language technology. The scope of human language technology (HLT) is large, so we limit our review to applications that involve multilinguality.
    Content
    Beitrag eines Themenheftes "Knowledge organization and classification in international information retrieval"
    Type
    a
  14. Francu, V.: Multilingual access to information using an intermediate language (2003) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    While being theoretically so widely available, information can be restricted from a more general use by linguistic barriers. The linguistic aspects of the information languages and particularly the chances of an enhanced access to information by means of multilingual access facilities will make the substance of this thesis. The main problem of this research is thus to demonstrate that information retrieval can be improved by using multilingual thesaurus terms based on an intermediate or switching language to search with. Universal classification systems in general can play the role of switching languages for reasons dealt with in the forthcoming pages. The Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) in particular is the classification system used as example of a switching language for our objectives. The question may arise: why a universal classification system and not another thesaurus? Because the UDC like most of the classification systems uses symbols. Therefore, it is language independent and the problems of compatibility between such a thesaurus and different other thesauri in different languages are avoided. Another question may still arise? Why not then, assign running numbers to the descriptors in a thesaurus and make a switching language out of the resulting enumerative system? Because of some other characteristics of the UDC: hierarchical structure and terminological richness, consistency and control. One big problem to find an answer to is: can a thesaurus be made having as a basis a classification system in any and all its parts? To what extent this question can be given an affirmative answer? This depends much on the attributes of the universal classification system which can be favourably used to this purpose. Examples of different situations will be given and discussed upon beginning with those classes of UDC which are best fitted for building a thesaurus structure out of them (classes which are both hierarchical and faceted)...
    Content
    Inhalt: INFORMATION LANGUAGES: A LINGUISTIC APPROACH MULTILINGUAL ASPECTS IN INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL COMPATIBILITY AND CONVERTIBILITY OF INFORMATION LANGUAGES CURRENT TRENDS IN MULTILINGUAL ACCESS BUILDING UDC-BASED MULTILINGUAL THESAURI ONLINE APPLICATIONS OF THE UDC-BASED MULTILINGUAL THESAURI THE IMPACT OF SPECIFICITY ON THE RETRIEVAL POWER OF A UDC-BASED MULTILINGUAL THESAURUS FINAL REMARKS AND GENERAL CONCLUSIONS Proefschrift voorgelegd tot het behalen van de graad van doctor in de Taal- en Letterkunde aan de Universiteit Antwerpen. - Vgl.: http://dlist.sir.arizona.edu/1862/.
  15. Yang, C.C.; Lam, W.: Introduction to the special topic section on multilingual information systems (2006) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The information available in languages other than English on the World Wide Web and global information systems is increasing significantly. According to some recent reports. the growth of non-English speaking Internet users is significantly higher than the growth of English-speaking Internet users. Asia and Europe have become the two most-populated regions of Internet users. However, there are many different languages in the many different countries of Asia and Europe. And there are many countries in the world using more than one language as their official languages. For example, Chinese and English are official languages in Hong Kong SAR; English and French are official languages in Canada. In the global economy, information systems are no longer utilized by users in a single geographical region but all over the world. Information can be generated, stored, processed, and accessed in several different languages. All of this reveals the importance of research in multilingual information systems.
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 57(2006) no.5, S.629-631
    Type
    a
  16. Petrelli, D.; Beaulieu, M.; Sanderson, M.; Demetriou, G.; Herring, P.; Hansen, P.: Observing users, designing clarity : a case study an the user-centered design of a cross-language information retrieval system (2004) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    This report presents a case study of the development of an interface for a novel and complex form of document retrieval: searching for texts written in foreign languages based on native language queries. Although the underlying technology for achieving such a search is relatively weIl understood, the appropriate interface design is not. A study involving users from the beginning of the design process is described, and it covers initial examination of user needs and tasks, preliminary design and testing of interface components, building, testing, and refining the interface, and, finally, conducting usability tests of the system. Lessons are learned at every stage of the process, leading to a much more informed view of how such an interface should be built.
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 55(2004) no.10, S.923-934
    Type
    a
  17. Drexel, G.: Knowledge engineering for intelligent information retrieval (2001) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    This paper presents a clustered approach to designing an overall ontological model together with a general rule-based component that serves as a mapping device. By observational criteria, a multi-lingual team of experts excerpts concepts from general communication in the media. The team, then, finds equivalent expressions in English, German, French, and Spanish. On the basis of a set of ontological and lexical relations, a conceptual network is built up. Concepts are thought to be universal. Objects unique in time and space are identified by names and will be explained by the universals as their instances. Our approach relies on multi-relational descriptions of concepts. It provides a powerful tool for documentation and conceptual language learning. First and foremost, our multi-lingual, polyhierarchical ontology fills the gap of semantically-based information retrieval by generating enhanced and improved queries for internet search
    Type
    a
  18. Cheng, P.J.; Teng, J.W.; Chen, R.C.; Wang, J.H.; Lu, W.H.; Chien, L.F.: Translating unknown queries with Web corpora for cross-language information languages (2004) 0.01 
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    Source
    SIGIR'04: Proceedings of the 27th Annual International ACM-SIGIR Conference an Research and Development in Information Retrieval. Ed.: K. Järvelin, u.a
    Type
    a
  19. Qin, J.; Zhou, Y.; Chau, M.; Chen, H.: Multilingual Web retrieval : an experiment in English-Chinese business intelligence (2006) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    As increasing numbers of non-English resources have become available on the Web, the interesting and important issue of how Web users can retrieve documents in different languages has arisen. Cross-language information retrieval (CLIP), the study of retrieving information in one language by queries expressed in another language, is a promising approach to the problem. Cross-language information retrieval has attracted much attention in recent years. Most research systems have achieved satisfactory performance on standard Text REtrieval Conference (TREC) collections such as news articles, but CLIR techniques have not been widely studied and evaluated for applications such as Web portals. In this article, the authors present their research in developing and evaluating a multilingual English-Chinese Web portal that incorporates various CLIP techniques for use in the business domain. A dictionary-based approach was adopted and combines phrasal translation, co-occurrence analysis, and pre- and posttranslation query expansion. The portal was evaluated by domain experts, using a set of queries in both English and Chinese. The experimental results showed that co-occurrence-based phrasal translation achieved a 74.6% improvement in precision over simple word-byword translation. When used together, pre- and posttranslation query expansion improved the performance slightly, achieving a 78.0% improvement over the baseline word-by-word translation approach. In general, applying CLIR techniques in Web applications shows promise.
    Footnote
    Beitrag einer special topic section on multilingual information systems
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 57(2006) no.5, S.671-683
    Type
    a
  20. Evens, M.: Thesaural relations in information retrieval (2002) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Thesaural relations have long been used in information retrieval to enrich queries; they have sometimes been used to cluster documents as well. Sometimes the first query to an information retrieval system yields no results at all, or, what can be even more disconcerting, many thousands of hits. One solution is to rephrase the query, improving the choice of query terms by using related terms of different types. A collection of related terms is often called a thesaurus. This chapter describes the lexical-semantic relations that have been used in building thesauri and summarizes some of the effects of using these relational thesauri in information retrieval experiments
    Series
    Information science and knowledge management; vol.3
    Type
    a

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