Search (59 results, page 3 of 3)

  • × theme_ss:"Information"
  • × year_i:[2000 TO 2010}
  1. Bredemeier, W.: Was ist die deutsche Informationspolitik wert? : BMBF-Positionspapier - Studie von Arthur D. Little (2002) 0.01 
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    Date
    22. 2.2003 12:30:50
  2. Klatt, R.: Zur Notwendigkeit der Förderung von Informationskompetenz im Studium : Kernbefunde der "SteFI-Studie" und Maßnahmenvorschläge (2003) 0.01 
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    Date
    2.11.2003 10:20:22
  3. Raban, D.R.; Rafaeli, S.: ¬The effect of source nature and status on the subjective value of information (2006) 0.01 
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    Date
    22. 7.2006 15:09:35
  4. Franken, G.: Weglassen öffnet den Weg zur Welt : BuchMalerei und Wortarchitektur von Elisabeth Jansen in Küchenhof-Remise (2004) 0.01 
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    Date
    3. 5.1997 8:44:22
  5. Wortsuche im Millisekunden-Takt (2002) 0.01 
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    Content
    Mit Hilfe der quantitativen Computertheorie wird die Reaktionszeit für eine Wortauswahl unter Konkurrenz vorausgesagt. Überprüft werden diese Voraussagen in spezifischen Bildbenennungsexperimenten: Dabei werden den Versuchspersonen beim Bildbenennen - visuell oder akustisch - andere Wörter präsentiert. Diesen Ablenkungsreiz müssen sie ignorieren. Ist beispielsweise "Pferd" das Zielwort, reagiert die Versuchsperson beim Hören des damit nicht verwandten Wortes "Stuhl" etwas langsamer. Hört die Versuchsperson jedoch das semantisch verwandte Wort "Kuh", wird eine viel stärkere Verzögerung gemessen, zusätzlich etwa 50 bis 100 Millisekunden (je nach Rahmenbedingungen). Diesen "semantischen Verzögerungseffekt" fanden die Max-Planck-Wissenschaftler in einer Vielzahl von Experimenten bestätigt. Der Zeitverlauf der Lemma-Selektion wurde außerdem gemeinsam mit Wissenschaftlern am Max-Planck-Institut für neuropsychologische Forschung in Leipzig mit Hilfe der Magnetenzephalographie (MEG) gemessen und bestätigt. Hierbei fanden die Max-Planck-Forscher außerdem heraus, dass bei der emma-Auswahl Regionen im linken lateralen temporalen Lobus aktiv sind. Nach der Lemma-Selektion erfolgt der zweite Schritt, die Wortformplanung oder Wortformen-Kodierung. Dazu muss zuerst der phonologische Code abgerufen werden, d.h. eine Reihe phonologischer "Segmente" oder "Phoneme", z.B. " p, f, e, r, d". Bei geläufigen Wörtern wird der phonologische Code schneller (bis zu 40 Millisekunden ) abgerufen als bei selten benutzten Wörtern. Bei der Bildbenennung kann der Zugriff dadurch erleichtert werden, dass der Versuchsperson zeitgleich phonologisch verwandte Wörter präsentiert werden. Versuchspersonen nennen "Pferd" schneller, wenn sie während der Bildanbietung das phonologisch verwandte Wort "Pfeil" hören, als das phonologisch unterschiedliche Wort "Stuhl". Auch den Zeitverlauf dieser phonologischen Suche konnten die Wissenschaftler mit dem Computermodell "WEAVER++" exakt voraussagen. Ist das Abrufen des Codes aus dem mentalen Lexikon abgeschlossen, erfolgt die Silbenbildung. Diese wird Phonem für Phonem zusammengestellt, aus "p, f, e, r, d" zum Beispiel wird /pfert/. Wird das Zielwort jedoch im Plural benötigt (z.B. wenn zwei ferde auf dem Bild zu sehen sind), werden nacheinander zwei Silben - /pfer/--/de/ - gebildet. Anders gesagt, ob die Silbe "/pfert/" oder "/pfer/" gebildet wird, ist situationsbedingt. Das schrittweise Zusammenstellen der Silben dauert etwa 25 Millisekunden pro Phonem. Sind mehrsilbige Wörter zu bilden, verändert sich die Reaktionszeit: Testpersonen brauchten beim Benennen für mehrsilbige Wörter länger als für einsilbige. Die letzte Stufe der Wortformen-Kodierung ist das phonetische Kodieren, das Abrufen eines artikulatorisch-motorischen Programms für jede neugebildete Silbe. Die Max-Planck-Wissenschaftler nehmen an, daß dazu ein mentaler Silbenvorrat existiert, ein "Lager" an Gesten oder motorischen Programmen für häufig benutzte Silben. Die Vermutung liegt nahe, daß beim Speichern häufig gebrauchter Silben der prämotorische Cortex/die Broca Area beteiligt ist. Die faktische Ausführung der aufeinanderfolgenden Silbenprogramme vom laryngealen und supralaryngealen Artikulationssytem generiert letztendlich das gesprochene Wort."
  6. Unterwegs zur Wissensgesellschaft : Grundlagen - Trends - Probleme (2000) 0.01 
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    Content
    Enthält die Beiträge: Signale - Daten - Information: Wissen: Grundlagen: HUBIG, C.: Was leistet eine Grundlagendiskussion?; POSER, H.: Zwischen Information und Erkenntnis; JANICH P.: Informationsbegriffe im Spannungsfeld mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlicher und kulturwissenschaftlicher Disziplinen; RADERMACHER, F.J.: Wissensmanagement in Superorganismen; ZIMMERLI, W.C.: Vom Unterschied, der einen Unterschied macht - Information, Netzwerkdenken und Mensch-Maschine-Tandem. - Informatisierung des Wirtschaftens und politischer Partizipation: HUBIG, C. u. W. FRICKE: Zwischen Optimierung und Strukturwandel - Chancen und Risiken der Informatisierung sozialer Beziehungen in Wirtschaft und Politik; HEIDENREICH, M.: Die Organisation der Wissensgesellschaft; REICHWALD, R. u. M. HERMANN: Ddie Auflösung von Unternehmensstrukturen angesichts von Informatisierung; GLIßMANN, W.: Die neue Selbständigkeit in der Arbeit; WESTKÄMPER, E.: Wechsel der Paradigmen durch Anwendung technischer Intellugenz in der industriellen Produktion; BECKER, J.: Globalisierung und Informatisierung; KUBICEK, H. u. M. HAGEN: Gesellschaftliche Voraussetzungen für die informationstechnische Unterstützung politischer Beteiligungen - Informatisierung des Lernens und der Kommunikation: HENNING, K. u.a.: Virtuelle (Hoch-)Schule, Weiterbildung und lebenslanges Lernen im spannungsfeld zwischen Rationalisierung und lebensweltlicher Erfahrung; HUBIG, C.: Kompetenz als Lernziel - Kommunikation als Mittel im Lichte der Informatisierung; TAUSS, J.: Informatisierung des Lernens; DOLEZAL, U.: Vernetztes kooperatives Lernen- Eine bildungspolitische Herausforderung; REITH, S.: Datenbank für das persönliche Informationsmanagement; ELZ, W.: Einsatz einer interaktiven Lernplattform im Personalmanagement (PM) der Deutschen Telekom AG (DT AG); WESTERWICK, A.: Quintus - Eine multimediale Lernsoftware für die spanende Fertigung; OERTEL, R.: Kooperative Strukturen für die Wissensgesellschaft - Perspektiven des Projektes "Service-Netzwerke für Aus- und Weiterbildungsprozesse" (SENEKA); RIEDEL, M.: Entwicklung von Strukturen zum regionalen Wissensmanagement. - Nachhaltigkeit des Wissens: KORNWACHS, K.: Wissen wir, was wir wissen werden? OTT, K.: Läßt sich das Nachhaltigkeitskonzept auf Wissen anwenden?; BERNDES, S.: Zukunft des Wissens - Ethische Normen der Wissensauswahl und Weitergabe; LUHN, G.: Die riskierte Vernunft: Technisches Handeln und Wissen im Kontext einer Inversen Semantik; ULRICH, O.: Welches Wissen bruacht die Zukunft? Oder: Wie Kunst der Wissenschaft neue Perspektiven des Wissens öffnen kann; GRUPP, H.: Was wir über das Wissen wissen - Indikatoren der Wissenswirtschaft
  7. Jaenecke, P.: Wissensbausteine (2002) 0.01 
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  8. Janich, P.: Was ist Information? : Kritik einer Legende (2006) 0.01 
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  9. Pirolli, P.: Information foraging theory : adaptive interaction with information (2007) 0.01 
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  10. Stoyan, H.: Information in der Informatik (2004) 0.01 
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    Date
    5. 4.2013 10:22:48
  11. San Segundo, R.: ¬A new conception of representation of knowledge (2004) 0.01 
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    Date
    2. 1.2005 18:22:25
  12. Michel, S.: ¬Der Erfolg der Entfesselungskünstler : Gelungene Kooperation: "Vom Boten zum Bit" im Museum für Kommunikation (2003) 0.01 
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    Date
    12. 2.1996 22:34:46
  13. Benkowsky, J.; Bühring, B.; Georgy, U.; Linde, F.: Information pricing : the development of a product- and pricing concept for the research centre of the Public Library Cologne (2005) 0.01 
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    Date
    22. 7.2009 9:24:59
  14. Cornelius, I.: Theorizing information for information science (2002) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Shannon provides a model whereby an information source selects a desired message, out of a set of possible messages, that is then formed into a signal. The signal is sent over the communication channel to a receiver, which then transforms the signal back to a message that is relayed to its destination (Shannon & Weaver, 1949/1963, p. 7). Problems connected with this model have remained with us. Some of the concepts are ambiguous; the identification of information with a process has spancelled the debate; the problems of measuring the amount of information, the relation of information to meaning, and questions about the truth value of information have remained. Balancing attention between the process and the act of receiving information, and deterrnining the character of the receiver, has also been the focus of work and debate. Information science has mined work from other disciplines involving information theory and has also produced its own theory. The desire for theory remains (Hjorland, 1998; Saracevic, 1999), but what theory will deliver is unclear. The distinction between data and information, or communication and information, is not of concern here. The convention that data, at some point of use, become information, and that information is transferred in a process of communication suffices for this discussion. Substitution of any of these terms is not a problem. More problematic is the relationship between information and knowledge. It seems accepted that at some point the data by perception, or selection, become information, which feeds and alters knowledge structures in a human recipient. What that process of alteration is, and its implications, remain problematic. This review considers the following questions: 1. What can be gleaned from the history of reviews of information in information science? 2. What current maps, guides, and surveys are available to elaborate our understanding of the issues? 3. Is there a parallel development of work outside information science an information theory of use to us? 4. Is there a dominant view of information within information science? 5. What can we say about issues like measurement, meaning, and misinformation? 6. Is there other current work of relevance that can assist attempts, in information science, to develop a theory of information?
  15. Ostermann, D.: US-Terrorfahnder verheddern sich im Daten-Dickicht (2004) 0.01 
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    Date
    5. 1.1997 9:39:22
  16. Weizenbaum, J.: Wir gegen die Gier (2008) 0.00 
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    Date
    16. 3.2008 12:22:08
  17. Crane, G.; Jones, A.: Text, information, knowledge and the evolving record of humanity (2006) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Consider a sentence such as "the current price of tea in China is 35 cents per pound." In a library with millions of books we might find many statements of the above form that we could capture today with relatively simple rules: rather than pursuing every variation of a statement, programs can wait, like predators at a water hole, for their informational prey to reappear in a standard linguistic pattern. We can make inferences from sentences such as "NAME1 born at NAME2 in DATE" that NAME more likely than not represents a person and NAME a place and then convert the statement into a proposition about a person born at a given place and time. The changing price of tea in China, pedestrian birth and death dates, or other basic statements may not be truth and beauty in the Phaedrus, but a digital library that could plot the prices of various commodities in different markets over time, plot the various lifetimes of individuals, or extract and classify many events would be very useful. Services such as the Syllabus Finder1 and H-Bot2 (which Dan Cohen describes elsewhere in this issue of D-Lib) represent examples of information extraction already in use. H-Bot, in particular, builds on our evolving ability to extract information from very large corpora such as the billions of web pages available through the Google API. Aside from identifying higher order statements, however, users also want to search and browse named entities: they want to read about "C. P. E. Bach" rather than his father "Johann Sebastian" or about "Cambridge, Maryland", without hearing about "Cambridge, Massachusetts", Cambridge in the UK or any of the other Cambridges scattered around the world. Named entity identification is a well-established area with an ongoing literature. The Natural Language Processing Research Group at the University of Sheffield has developed its open source Generalized Architecture for Text Engineering (GATE) for years, while IBM's Unstructured Information Analysis and Search (UIMA) is "available as open source software to provide a common foundation for industry and academia." Powerful tools are thus freely available and more demanding users can draw upon published literature to develop their own systems. Major search engines such as Google and Yahoo also integrate increasingly sophisticated tools to categorize and identify places. The software resources are rich and expanding. The reference works on which these systems depend, however, are ill-suited for historical analysis. First, simple gazetteers and similar authority lists quickly grow too big for useful information extraction. They provide us with potential entities against which to match textual references, but existing electronic reference works assume that human readers can use their knowledge of geography and of the immediate context to pick the right Boston from the Bostons in the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names (TGN), but, with the crucial exception of geographic location, the TGN records do not provide any machine readable clues: we cannot tell which Bostons are large or small. If we are analyzing a document published in 1818, we cannot filter out those places that did not yet exist or that had different names: "Jefferson Davis" is not the name of a parish in Louisiana (tgn,2000880) or a county in Mississippi (tgn,2001118) until after the Civil War.
  18. Ingwersen, P.; Järvelin, K.: ¬The turn : integration of information seeking and retrieval in context (2005) 0.00 
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  19. ¬Die Zukunft des Wissens : Vorträge und Kolloquien: XVIII. Deutscher Kongress für Philosophie, Konstanz, 4. - 8. Oktober 1999 (2000) 0.00 
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    Date
    22. 6.2005 15:30:21

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