-
Gödert, W.; Lepsky, K.: Informationelle Kompetenz : ein humanistischer Entwurf (2019)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: Philosophisch-ethische Rezensionen vom 09.11.2019 (Jürgen Czogalla), Unter: https://philosophisch-ethische-rezensionen.de/rezension/Goedert1.html. In: B.I.T. online 23(2020) H.3, S.345-347 (W. Sühl-Strohmenger) [Unter: https%3A%2F%2Fwww.b-i-t-online.de%2Fheft%2F2020-03-rezensionen.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0iY3f_zNcvEjeZ6inHVnOK]. In: Open Password Nr. 805 vom 14.08.2020 (H.-C. Hobohm) [Unter: https://www.password-online.de/?mailpoet_router&endpoint=view_in_browser&action=view&data=WzE0MywiOGI3NjZkZmNkZjQ1IiwwLDAsMTMxLDFd].
- Theme
- Information
-
Donsbach, W.: Wahrheit in den Medien : über den Sinn eines methodischen Objektivitätsbegriffes (2001)
0.29
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- Source
- Politische Meinung. 381(2001) Nr.1, S.65-74 [https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dgfe.de%2Ffileadmin%2FOrdnerRedakteure%2FSektionen%2FSek02_AEW%2FKWF%2FPublikationen_Reihe_1989-2003%2FBand_17%2FBd_17_1994_355-406_A.pdf&usg=AOvVaw2KcbRsHy5UQ9QRIUyuOLNi]
- Theme
- Information
-
Malsburg, C. von der: ¬The correlation theory of brain function (1981)
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- Source
- http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1380%2F1%2FvdM_correlation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0g7DvZbQPb2U7dYb49b9v_
- Theme
- Information
-
Badia, A.: Data, information, knowledge : an information science analysis (2014)
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- Abstract
- I analyze the text of an article that appeared in this journal in 2007 that published the results of a questionnaire in which a number of experts were asked to define the concepts of data, information, and knowledge. I apply standard information retrieval techniques to build a list of the most frequent terms in each set of definitions. I then apply information extraction techniques to analyze how the top terms are used in the definitions. As a result, I draw data-driven conclusions about the aggregate opinion of the experts. I contrast this with the original analysis of the data to provide readers with an alternative viewpoint on what the data tell us.
- Date
- 16. 6.2014 19:22:57
- Source
- Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 65(2014) no.6, S.1279-1287
- Theme
- Information
-
Smeaton, A.F.: Retrieving information from hypertext : issues and problems (1991)
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- Abstract
- Hypertext uses a browsing rather than a searching strategy. Hypertext systems have found applications in a number of areas. They give users choice of information but this can prove a drawback. Examnines the effectiveness of hypertext as a way of retrieving information and reviews conventional information retrieval techniques. Considers previous attempts at combining information retrieval and hypertext and outlines a prototype systems developed to generate guided tours for users to direct them through hypertext to information they have requested. Discusses how adding this kind of itelligent guidance to a hypertext system would affect its usability as an information system
- Source
- European journal of information systems. 1(1991) no.4, S.239-247
- Theme
- Information
-
Hjoerland, B.: Theory and metatheory of information science : a new interpretation (1998)
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- Abstract
- Epistemological theories of information science have a fundamental impact on theories about users, their cognition and information seeking behaviour, on subject analysis, and on classification. They also have a fundamental impact on information retrieval, on the understanding of 'information', on the view of documents and their role in communication, on information selection, on theories about the functions of information systems and on the role of information professionals. Asserts that information science must be based on epistemological knowledge, which avoids blind alleys and is not outdated. Shows limitations in the dominant approaches to information science and proposes alternative viewpoints
- Theme
- Information
-
Cooke, N.J.: Varieties of knowledge elicitation techniques (1994)
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- Abstract
- Information on knowledge elicitation methods is widely scattered across the fields of psychology, business management, education, counselling, cognitive science, linguistics, philosophy, knowledge engineering and anthropology. Identifies knowledge elicitation techniques and the associated bibliographic information. Organizes the techniques into categories on the basis of methodological similarity. Summarizes for each category of techniques strengths, weaknesses and recommends applications
- Theme
- Information
-
Cole, C.: Interaction with an enabling information retrieval system : modeling the user's decoding and encoding operations (2000)
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- Abstract
- With new interactive technology, we can increase user satisfaction by designing information retrieval systems that inform the user while the user is on-line interacting with the system. The purpose of this article is to model the information processing operations of a generic user who has just received an information message from the system and is stimulated by the message into grasping at a higher understanding of his or her information task or problem. The model consists of 3 levels, each of which forms a separate subsystem. In the Perseption subsystem, the user perceives the system message in a visual sense; in the Comprehension subsystem, the user must comprehend the system message; and in the Application subsystem, the user must (a) interpret the system message in terms of the user's task at hand, and (b) create and send a new message back to the system to complete the interaction. Because of the information process stimulated by the interaction, the user's new message forms a query to the system that more accurately represents the user's information need than would have been the case if the interaction had not taken place. This article proposes a device to enable clarification of the user's task, and thus his/her information need at the Application subsystem level of the model
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 51(2000) no.5, S.417-426
- Theme
- Information
-
Schamber, L.: Time-line interviews and inductive content analysis : their effectiveness for exploring cognitive behaviors (2000)
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- Abstract
- In studies of information users' cognitive behaviors, it is widely recognised that users' perceptions of their information problem situations play a major role. Time-line interviewing and inductive content analysis are 2 research methods that, used together, have proven extremely useful for exploring and describing users' perceptions in various situational contexts. This article describes advantages and disadvantages of the methods using examples from a study of users' criteria for evaluation in a multimedia context
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 51(2000) no.8, S.734-744
- Theme
- Information
-
Martin, W.J.: ¬The information society (1995)
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- Date
- 15. 7.2002 14:22:55
- LCSH
- Information storage and retrieval systems / Social aspects
- PRECIS
- Society / Effects of technological development in information systems
- Subject
- Information storage and retrieval systems / Social aspects
Society / Effects of technological development in information systems
- Theme
- Information
-
Cole, C.; Mandelblatt, B.: Using Kintsch's discourse comprehension theory to model the user's coding of an informative message from an enabling information retrieval system (2000)
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- Abstract
- With new interactive technology, information science can use its traditional information focus to increase user satisfaction by designing information retrieval systems (IRSs) that inform the user about her task, and help the user get the task done, while the user is on-line interacting with the system. By doing so, the system enables the user to perform the task for which the information is being sought. In previous articles, we modeled the information flow and coding operations of a user who has just received an informative IRS message, dividing the user's processing of the IRS message into three subsystem levels. In this article, we use Kintsch's proposition-based construction-integration theory of discourse comprehension to further detail the user coding operations that occur in each of the three subsystems. Our enabling devices are designed to facilitate a specific coding operation in a specific subsystem. In this article, we describe an IRS device made up of two separate parts that enable the user's (1) decoding and (2) encoding of an IRS message in the Comprehension subsystem
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 51(2000) no.11, S.1033-1046
- Theme
- Information
-
Hjoerland, B.: Towards a theory of aboutness, subject, topicality, theme, domain, field, content ... and relevance (2001)
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- Abstract
- Theories of aboutness and theories of subject analysis and of related concepts such as topicality are often isolated from each other in the literature of information science (IS) and related disciplines. In IS it is important to consider the nature and meaning of these concepts, which is closely related to theoretical and metatheoretical issues in information retrieval (IR). A theory of IR must specify which concepts should be regarded as synonymous concepts and explain how the meaning of the nonsynonymous concepts should be defined
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 52(2001) no.9, S.774-778
- Theme
- Information
-
Hjoerland, B.: Concept theory (2009)
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- Abstract
- Concept theory is an extremely broad, interdisciplinary and complex field of research related to many deep fields with very long historical traditions without much consensus. However, information science and knowledge organization cannot avoid relating to theories of concepts. Knowledge organizing systems (e.g., classification systems, thesauri, and ontologies) should be understood as systems basically organizing concepts and their semantic relations. The same is the case with information retrieval systems. Different theories of concepts have different implications for how to construe, evaluate, and use such systems. Based on a post-Kuhnian view of paradigms, this article put forward arguments that the best understanding and classification of theories of concepts is to view and classify them in accordance with epistemological theories (empiricism, rationalism, historicism, and pragmatism). It is also argued that the historicist and pragmatist understandings of concepts are the most fruitful views and that this understanding may be part of a broader paradigm shift that is also beginning to take place in information science. The importance of historicist and pragmatic theories of concepts for information science is outlined.
- Footnote
- Vgl.: Szostak, R.: Comment on Hjørland's concept theory in: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 61(2010) no.5, S. 1076-1077 und die Erwiderung darauf von B. Hjoerland (S.1078-1080)
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 60(2009) no.8, S.1519-1536
- Theme
- Information
-
Hjoerland, B.: Information (2023)
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- Abstract
- This article presents a brief history of the term "information" and its different meanings, which are both important and difficult because the different meanings of the term imply whole theories of knowledge. The article further considers the relation between "information" and the concepts "matter and energy", "data", "sign and meaning", "knowledge" and "communication". It presents and analyses the influence of information in information studies and knowledge organization and contains a presentation and critical analysis of some compound terms such as "information need", "information overload" and "information retrieval", which illuminate the use of the term information in information studies. An appendix provides a chronological list of definitions of information.
- Theme
- Information
-
Hjoerland, B.: Epistemology and the socio-cognitive persepctive in information science (2002)
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- Abstract
- This article presents a socio-cognitive perspective in relation to information science (IS) and information retrieval (IR). The differences between traditional cognitive views and the socio-cognitive or domain-analytic view are outlined. It is claimed that, given elementary skills in computer-based retrieval, people are basically interacting with representations of subject literatures in IR. The kind of knowledge needed to interact with representations of subject literatures is discussed. It is shown how different approaches or "paradigms" in the represented literature imply different information needs and relevance criteria (which users typically cannot express very well, which is why IS cannot primarily rely on user studies). These principles are exemplified by comparing behaviorism, cognitivism, psychoanalysis, and neuroscience as approaches in psychology. The relevance criteria implicit in each position are outlined, and empirical data are provided to prove the theoretical claims. It is further shown that the most general level of relevance criteria is implied by epistemological theories. The article concludes that the fundamental problems of IS and IR are based in epistemology, which therefore becomes the most important allied field for IS.
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 53(2002) no.4, S.257-270
- Theme
- Information
-
Cooke, N.A.; Kitzie, V.L.: Outsiders-within-Library and Information Science : reprioritizing the marginalized in critical sociocultural work (2021)
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- Abstract
- While there are calls for new paradigms within the profession, there are also existing subgenres that fit this bill if they would be fully acknowledged. This essay argues that underrepresented and otherwise marginalized scholars have already produced significant work within social, cultural, and community-oriented paradigms; social justice and advocacy; and, diversity, equity, and inclusion. This work has not been sufficiently valued or promoted. Furthermore, the surrounding structural conditions have resulted in the dismissal, violently reviewed and rejected, and erased work of underrepresented scholars, and the stigmatization and delegitimization of their work. These scholars are "outsiders-within-LIS." By identifying the outsiders-within-LIS through the frame of standpoint theories, the authors are suggesting that a new paradigm does not need to be created; rather, an existing paradigm needs to be recognized and reprioritized. This reprioritized paradigm of critical sociocultural work has and will continue to creatively enrich and expand the field and decolonize LIS curricula.
- Date
- 18. 9.2021 13:22:27
- Series
- Special issue: Paradigm shift in the field of information
- Source
- Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 72(2021) no.10, S.1285-1294
- Theme
- Information
-
Mostafa, S.P.: Enfoqies paradigmaticos de bibliotecologia : unidade na diversidad na unidad (1996)
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- Abstract
- Information science is currently dominated by 2 paradigms: one emphasises information retrieval as a technological process, based on natural sciences; the other derives from the social sciences, focusing on the information process as a communication act. The first is based on the structure of atoms, the second as people as collective actors. In Brazil the social science approach predominates, chiefly through the influence of 3 currents of thought: American liberalism; German social democracy and French post-structuralism. The ideas of the chief exponents of these theories have been developed by Brazilian researchers, introducing elements from political economy, quantum physics, linguistics, social science and epistemology. This interdisciplinarity is the key to unity in information science
- Theme
- Information
-
Hadamard, J.: ¬An essay on the psychology of invention in the mathematical field (1954)
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- Abstract
- How creativity is tapped in science. The unconcious mind and discovery intuition vs. verbal reasoning. Poincaré's forgetting hypothesis. Creative techniques of Einstein, Pascal, Wiener and others
- Theme
- Information
-
Albright, K.: Multidisciplinarity in information behavior : expanding boundaries or fragmentation of the field? (2010)
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- Abstract
- How does information lead to changes in human behavior? Why have current information theories been inadequate to shed light on this and related questions? Library and Information Science (LIS) has arrived at a crucial juncture in its relatively brief theoretical history. In addition to the cognitive and physical perspectives in our study of information, a new paradigm has been suggested; the affective paradigm. This new perspective offers keys to unlocking questions about the nature of the interaction of human and information. In recent years we have developed deeper knowledge and deeper specializations, drawing together and combining knowledge from multiple fields in order to advance our own knowledge. The relationship between information needs and information seeking has been well studied. The ways in which people use information is not as well understood because of the complex nature of human behavior. Drawing from other fields that study human behavior, however, muddies the traditional boundaries of LIS, creating some possible discomfort as we trespass into lesser known intellectual territory. Pushing our boundaries also forces questions of our self-identity as a discipline. What constitutes Library and Information Science, either in whole or in part, becomes more difficult to define and can lead to greater fragmentation. Alternatively, the incorporation of multiple perspectives may be the defining core of what constitutes LIS. The focus of this talk is to look at LIS from the outside in, from a multidisciplinary perspective, in order to shed light on questions of how information can lead to changes in human behavior. Drawing from other fields of study, the impact of information on human behavior will be explored in light of what other fields may have to offer.
- Date
- 16. 3.2019 17:32:22
- Theme
- Information
-
Sturges, P.; Gastinger, A.: Information literacy as a human right (2010)
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- Abstract
- A clear line of argument can be set out to link the (passive) intellectual freedom rights offered by Article Nineteen of the United Nations' Universal Declaration on Human Rights, to a consequent responsibility on governments, professionals and civil society activists for the (active) creation of suitable conditions for the effective exercise of intellectual freedom. Commentators on media in society and socially responsible computing are also increasingly drawing conclusions of this kind and stressing the importance of Media Literacy and Computer Literacy. This line of argument naturally directs attention towards the rationale currently offered for Information Literacy as a focus of professional activity. Whilst there are many elaborately worked-out programmes for Information Literacy instruction, these have so far been largely derived from practical perceptions of need. However, broad statements such as the Prague Declaration 'Towards an Information Literate Society' of 2003 and the Alexandria Proclamation of 2005 can be seen as beginning to point towards a rationale for Information Literacy activities rooted in human rights, Article Nineteen in particular. The contention is that starting from a human rights perspective leads towards a strong, inclusive interpretation of Information Literacy. This subsumes Media Literacy, Computer Literacy, Web Literacy and, to a considerable extent, Civic Literacy into a model that serves human needs rather than the established priorities of information professionals. The value of this approach for both practice and research is stressed.
- Theme
- Information
