Search (113 results, page 2 of 6)

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Abstract

Multisession successive information searches are common but little research has focused on quantitative analysis. This article enhances our understanding of successive information searches by employing an experimental method to observe whether and how the behavioral characteristics of searchers statistically significantly changed over sessions. It focuses on a specific type of successive search called transmuting successive searches, in which searchers learn about and gradually refine their information problems during the course of the information search. The results show that searchers' behavioral characteristics indeed exhibit different patterns in different sessions. The identification of the behavioral characteristics can help information retrieval systems to detect stages or sessions of the information search process. The findings also help validate a theoretical framework to explain successive searches and suggest system requirements for supporting the associated search behavior. The study is one of the first to not only test for statistical significance among research propositions concerning successive searches but to also apply the research principles of implicit relevance feedback to successive searches.

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 64(2013) no.6, S.1259-1283

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Abstract

This article presents a user study showing the effectiveness of a linked-based, virtual integration infrastructure that gives users access to relevant online resources, empowering them to design an information-seeking path that is specifically relevant to their context. IntegraL provides a lightweight approach to improve and augment search functionality by dynamically generating context-focused "anchors" for recognized elements of interest generated by library services. This article includes a description of how IntegraL's design supports users' information-seeking behavior. A full user study with both objective and subjective measures of IntegraL and hypothesis testing regarding IntegraL's effectiveness of the user's information-seeking experience are described along with data analysis, implications arising from this kind of virtual integration, and possible future directions.

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 64(2013) no.9, S.1927-1945

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Abstract

The field of human information behavior runs the gamut of processes from the realization of a need or gap in understanding, to the search for information from one or more sources to fill that gap, to the use of that information to complete a task at hand or to satisfy a curiosity, as well as other behaviors such as avoiding information or finding information serendipitously. Designers of mechanisms, tools, and computer-based systems to facilitate this seeking and search process often lack a full knowledge of the context surrounding the search. This context may vary depending on the job or role of the person; individual characteristics such as personality, domain knowledge, age, gender, perception of self, etc.; the task at hand; the source and the channel and their degree of accessibility and usability; and the relationship that the seeker shares with the source. Yet researchers have yet to agree on what context really means. While there have been various research studies incorporating context, and biennial conferences on context in information behavior, there lacks a clear definition of what context is, what its boundaries are, and what elements and variables comprise context. In this book, we look at the many definitions of and the theoretical and empirical studies on context, and I attempt to map the conceptual space of context in information behavior. I propose theoretical frameworks to map the boundaries, elements, and variables of context. I then discuss how to incorporate these frameworks and variables in the design of research studies on context. We then arrive at a unified definition of context. This book should provide designers of search systems a better understanding of context as they seek to meet the needs and demands of information seekers. It will be an important resource for researchers in Library and Information Science, especially doctoral students looking for one resource that covers an exhaustive range of the most current literature related to context, the best selection of classics, and a synthesis of these into theoretical frameworks and a unified definition. The book should help to move forward research in the field by clarifying the elements, variables, and views that are pertinent. In particular, the list of elements to be considered, and the variables associated with each element will be extremely useful to researchers wanting to include the influences of context in their studies.

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Abstract

As new technologies and information delivery systems emerge, the way in which individuals search for information to support research, teaching, and creative activities is changing. To understand different aspects of researchers' information-seeking behavior, this article surveyed 2,063 academic researchers in natural science, engineering, and medical science from five research universities in the United States. A Web-based, in-depth questionnaire was designed to quantify researchers' information searching, information use, and information storage behaviors. Descriptive statistics are reported. Additionally, analysis of results is broken out by institutions to compare differences among universities. Significant findings are reported, with the biggest changes because of increased utilization of electronic methods for searching, sharing, and storing scholarly content, as well as for utilizing library services. Generally speaking, researchers in the five universities had similar information-seeking behavior, with small differences because of varying academic unit structures and myriad library services provided at the individual institutions.

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 61(2010) no.5, S.869-890

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Abstract

This study explores the relationships between work task and interactive information search behavior. Work task was conceptualized based on a faceted classification of task. An experiment was conducted with six work-task types and simulated work-task situations assigned to 24 participants. The results indicate that users present different behavior patterns to approach useful information for different work tasks: They select information systems to search based on the work tasks at hand, different work tasks motivate different types of search tasks, and different facets controlled in the study play different roles in shaping users' interactive information search behavior. The results provide empirical evidence to support the view that work tasks and search tasks play different roles in a user's interaction with information systems and that work task should be considered as a multifaceted variable. The findings provide a possibility to make predictions of a user's information search behavior from his or her work task, and vice versa. Thus, this study sheds light on task-based information seeking and search, and has implications in adaptive information retrieval (IR) and personalization of IR.

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 61(2010) no.9, S.1771-1789

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Abstract

Understanding search behavior is important and leads to more effective interfaces that support searchers throughout the search process. In this article, through an observational user study, we investigate the search behavior of 15 visually impaired and 15 sighted searchers while they complete complex search tasks online. We study complex search tasks because they are challenging, cognitively intensive and affect performance of searchers. We compare the behavior of the two groups of searchers at four stages of the information-seeking process namely, Query Formulation, Search Results Exploration, Query Reformulation, and Search Results Management. For each stage, we identify research questions to investigate the impact of speech-based screen readers on the information-seeking behavior of visually impaired users. Significant differences were observed during query formulation and in the use of query-level support features such as query suggestions and spelling suggestions. In addition, screen-reader users submitted a lower number of queries and displayed comparatively limited exploratory behavior during search results exploration. We investigate how a lack of visual cues affected visually impaired searchers' approach towards query reformulation and observed different strategies to manage and use information encountered during the search process. We discuss the implications that our findings have for the design of search interfaces and propose a set of design guidelines to consider when designing interfaces that are usable and accessible with screen readers. This work also enhances our understanding of search behavior when using an auditory interface and could be useful when designing audio-based information retrieval systems.

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 63(2012) no.2, S.377-391

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Abstract

The notions that information seeking is not always a solitary activity and that people working in collaboration for information intensive tasks should be studied and supported have become more prevalent in recent years. Several new research questions, methodologies, and systems have emerged around these notions that may prove to be useful beyond the field of collaborative information seeking (CIS), with relevance to the broader area of information seeking and behavior. This article provides an overview of such key research work from a variety of domains, including library and information science, computer-supported cooperative work, human-computer interaction, and information retrieval. It starts with explanations of collaboration and how CIS fits in different contexts, emphasizing the interactive, intentional, and mutually beneficial nature of CIS activities. Relations to similar and related fields such as collaborative information retrieval, collaborative information behavior, and collaborative filtering are also clarified. Next, the article presents a synthesis of various frameworks and models that exist in the field today, along with a new synthesis of 12 different dimensions of group activities. A discussion on issues and approaches relating to evaluating various parameters in CIS follows. Finally, a list of known issues and challenges is presented to provide an overview of research opportunities in this field.

Source

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 65(2014) no.2, S.215-236

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to measure the efficiency of the system by which scientists worldwide communicate results to each other, providing one measure of the degree to which the system, including all media, functions well. A randomly selected and representative sample of 246 active research scientists worldwide was surveyed. The main measure was the reported rate of "late finds": scientific literature that would have been useful to scientists' projects if it had been found at the beginning of these projects. The main result was that 46% of the sample reported late finds (±6.25%, p0.05). Among respondents from European Union countries or other countries classified as "high income" by the World Bank, 42% reported late finds. Among respondents from low- and middle-income countries, 56% reported late finds. The 42% rate in high-income countries in 2009 can be compared with results of earlier surveys by Martyn (1964a, b, 1987). These earlier surveys found a rate of 22% late finds in 1963-1964 and a rate of 27% in 1985-1986. Respondents were also queried about search habits, but this study failed to support any explanations for this increase in the rate of late finds. This study also permits a crude estimate of the cost in time and money of the increase in late finds.

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 61(2010) no.10, S.2049-2060

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Abstract

Large amounts of health-related information of different types are available on the web. In addition to authoritative health information sites maintained by government health departments and healthcare institutions, there are many social media sites carrying user-contributed information. This study sought to identify the types of drug information available on consumer-contributed drug review sites when compared with authoritative drug information websites. Content analysis was performed on the information available for nine drugs on three authoritative sites (RxList, eMC, and PDRhealth) as well as three drug review sites (WebMD, RateADrug, and PatientsLikeMe). The types of information found on authoritative sites but rarely on drug review sites include pharmacology, special population considerations, contraindications, and drug interactions. Types of information found only on drug review sites include drug efficacy, drug resistance experienced by long-term users, cost of drug in relation to insurance coverage, availability of generic forms, comparison with other similar drugs and with other versions of the drug, difficulty in using the drug, and advice on coping with side effects. Drug efficacy ratings by users were found to be different across the three sites. Side effects were vividly described in context, with user assessment of severity based on discomfort and effect on their lives.

Date

22. 1.2016 12:24:05

Source

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 67(2016) no.2, S.333-349

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Abstract

In the context of online question-answering services, an intermediary clarifies the user's needs by eliciting additional information. This research proposes that these elicitations will depend on the type of question. In particular, this research explores the relationship between three constructs: question types, elicitations, and the fee that is paid for the answer. These relationships are explored for a few different question typologies, including a new kind of question type that we call Identity. It is found that the kinds of clarifications that intermediaries elicit depend on the type of question in systematic ways. A practical implication is that interactive question-answering services-whether human or automated-can be steered to focus attention on the kinds of clarification that are evidently most needed for that question type. Further, it is found that certain question types, as well as the number of elicitations, are associated with higher fees. This means that it may be possible to define a pricing structure for question-answering services based on objective and predictable characteristics of the question, which would help to establish a rational market for this type of information service. The newly introduced Identity question type was found to be especially reliable in predicting elicitations and fees.

Date

22. 1.2016 11:58:25

Source

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 67(2016) no.2, S.289-304

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Abstract

Keeping up to date with research developments is a central activity of academic researchers, but researchers face difficulties in managing the rapid growth of available scientific information. This study examined how researchers stay up to date, using the information journey model as a framework for analysis and investigating which dimensions influence information behaviors. We designed a 2-round study involving semistructured interviews and prototype testing with 61 researchers with 3 levels of seniority (PhD student to professor). Data were analyzed following a semistructured qualitative approach. Five key dimensions that influence information behaviors were identified: level of seniority, information sources, state of the project, level of familiarity, and how well defined the relevant community is. These dimensions are interrelated and their values determine the flow of the information journey. Across all levels of professional expertise, researchers used similar hard (formal) sources to access content, while soft (interpersonal) sources were used to filter information. An important "pain point" that future information tools should address is helping researchers filter information at the point of need.

Source

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 68(2017) no.1, S.22-35

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Abstract

Purpose - Uncovering faculty members' conceptions of Information Literacy (IL), as well as exploring their perceptions with regard to the importance given to a previously defined set of core IL competences grouped into four categories: searching, evaluation, processing and communication and dissemination. Ascertaining the possible differences among the five knowledge branches (arts and humanities, sciences, social and legal sciences, health sciences, and technical disciplines); and understanding the importance granted to a set of learning improvement initiatives by the faculty. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach - The survey was completed by a set of faculty members from the University of Granada (Spain). Data were collected using the IL-HUMASS survey. The research is based on subjective data, first approached from a descriptive point of view. Later, data correlation, analysis and non-parametric tests were used with the goal of finding significant differences of faculty perceptions among the relevant academic areas. Findings - Results suggest that more than half of the surveyed faculty have what the authors define as an Academic Concept of IL. The IL categories of communica\tion and dissemination and searching were graded in significance by the staff as being "very important," while those of evaluation and processing were assigned a slightly lesser rating of "important." Results suggest that IL awareness falls into two broad groups differentiated by subject discipline: those from health sciences, social and legal sciences and arts and humanities representing the first group, and sciences and technical disciplines the other. Research limitations/implications - This approach address the subjective status of faculty concepts in a single university, but also in all knowledge branches. Future research is needed. Originality/value - This is one of the few papers regarding faculty perceptions of IL.

Date

20. 1.2015 18:30:22

Source

Aslib journal of information management. 68(2016) no.2, S.227-247

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Abstract

Der Beitrag stellt die Probleme dar, die aus der Transformation der DFG-Sondersammelgebiete in Fachinformationsdienste resultieren. Der Aufsatz, der das in diesem Kontext gezeichnete Bild des SSG-Systems unter einigen Aspekten korrigiert und aufzeigt, dass wesentliche Elemente des FID-Systems bereits lange Kontinuitäten zu älteren Förderkonzepten der DFG aufweisen, setzt sich kritisch mit dem Paradigmenwechsel vom umfassenden vorsorgenden Bestandsaufbau zum selektiven Bestandsaufbau und den Konsequenzen einer strikten »E-Only-Policy« in der gegenwärtigen Phase auseinander. Er entlarvt die Legitimation des Paradigmenwechsels aus der maßgeblichen Mitgestaltung der Fachcommunity beim Bestandsaufbau als Fiktion. Der Prozess des kurzwegigen Übergangs in ein neues Diensteparadigma deutet darauf hin, dass das Verständnis für die größeren Zusammenhänge einer nachhaltigen, stabilen und verlässlichen Literaturversorgung auf Spitzenniveau abhanden gekommen ist.

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Abstract

Das Web 2.0 hat einen Paradigmenwechsel im Umgang mit Informationen und damit eng verbunden im Wissenserwerb eingeleitet. Theoretisch gesehen hat jeder offenen Zugang zu vielfältigen Informationen und kann gleichzeitig selbst Inhalte beisteuern - z.B. in Sozialen Netzwerken, in Weblogs oder Wikis - und Websites oder andere Dokumente (Videos, Slideshows o.ä.) veröffentlichen und mit anderen Nutzern teilen. Dieser Demokratisierungsprozess von Wissensproduktion, -kommunikation und -erwerb ist allerdings nicht frei von Kontroversen. Das verstärkte Nebeneinander von sachlich richtiger und relevanter Information einerseits und Belanglosigkeiten andererseits ruft auch Gegner auf den Plan. Sie sprechen von einem Information Overkill und befürchten den Niedergang der klassischen Bildung. Führen freie Wissenszugänge im Netz tatsächlich zu weniger Bildung? Was macht eine Website zu einer zuverlässigen und vertrauenswürdigen Quelle? Wie können aus der Fülle von Webressourcen die qualitativ hochwertigen herausgefiltert werden? Welchen Beitrag kann dabei Social Software leisten? Welches sind die Konstituenten einer Informationskompetenz 2.0, über die User verfügen sollten, um mit vorgefundenen Ressourcen adäquat umgehen zu können? Und inwiefern sind Bibliotheken - die sich ja zunehmend als Teaching Libraries verstehen - hier gefordert? Auf diese Fragen versucht das vorliegende Buch Antworten zu geben. Der Fokus liegt auf dem Umgang mit Wissensressourcen im Web 2.0, wobei ebenso theoretische wie praktische Implikationen berücksichtigt und ausgewählte Evaluierungsansätze hinsichtlich ihrer praktischen Anwendbarkeit für die User diskutiert werden.

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Abstract

Eines der Schlagwörter, das die Hochschullehre in den letzten Jahren für sich entdeckt hat, ist das Blended Learning. Nach einer Ernüchterung über das Potential von eLearning, setzte sich die Idee der Kombination aus Präsenzlehre und eLearning immer stärker durch. Die Entstehung zahlreicher universitärer eLearning und Blended-Learning-Zentren tritt den Beweis dafür an, dass die Ergänzung des herkömmlichen Hochschulunterrichts durch eLearning-Einheiten nicht mehr nur das Steckenpferd einiger technikaffiner Dozenten ist, sondern weitreichende Akzeptanz an Hochschulen gefunden hat. Die Universität Würzburg hat 2007 mit dem Beginn ihres Blended-Learning-Projekts entschieden, der Hochschuldidaktik einen höheren Stellenwert einzuräumen und der Entwicklung neuer Systeme damit Tür und Tor zu öffnen. Inzwischen ist nicht nur die Lernplattform Moodle unter der Bezeichnung WueCampus universitätsweit etabliert. Im Zuge des Blended-Learning-Projekts wurde auch ein computerbasiertes System für fallbasierte Trainingseinheiten (CaseTrain) entwickelt, das die Präsenzlehre in fast allen Fakultäten unterstützt und damit problembasiertes Lernen aus der Medizin und den Rechtswissenschaften in andere Fakultäten trägt. Auch die Universitätsbibliothek hat schnell das Potential dieser Software für die Vermittlung von Informationskompetenz erkannt und setzt das System seit 2008 mit zunehmender Akzeptanz bei den Studierenden ein.

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Abstract

Die laufende Umgestaltung des etablierten Systems der von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) geförderten Sondersammelgebiete in Fachinformationsdienste für die Wissenschaft wird in der bibliothekarischen Öffentlichkeit, nicht nur von den betroffenen Bibliotheken, intensiv diskutiert. Der Beitrag schildert den Übergang von den Sondersammelgebieten zu Fachinformationsdiensten aus der Perspektive einer betroffenen Bibliothek, der Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen. Dabei werden sowohl die Konzepte, die die Bibliothek für ihre bereits gestellten Fachinformationsanträge verfolgte, dargestellt als auch bibliotheksübergreifende Überlegungen zur Umgestaltung des Sondersammelgebietssystems und seinen Konsequenzen angestellt.

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Abstract

In Bibliotheken hat Informations- und Wissensmanagement zweierlei Ausprägungen, nämlich einerseits die Vermittlung von Information und Wissen nach außen - an den Kunden -, andererseits das Sammeln, Ordnen und Bereitstellen von Daten, Informationen und Wissen als traditionelle Aufgabe. Letzteres erfolgte bisher in der Regel nur im Hinblick auf die Bereitstellung der Medien nach außen. Innerbetriebliches Informations- und Wissensmanagement hingegen zielt auf das Bereitstellen interner Informationen an die Mitarbeitenden ab, damit diese die nach außen gerichteten Dienstleistungen erfolgreich erbringen können. Das heißt: Verfahrensweisen, die sich für das Bereitstellen der nach außen gerichteten Informationen bewährt haben, sind auf innerbetriebliche Prozesse zu adaptieren und anzuwenden. Hierbei bedarf es der Unterstützung durch geeignete Software, deren Entwicklung Gegenstand aktueller Forschung ist. Ausgereifte Produkte für diesen Zweck sind bisher nicht verfügbar. Damit eröffnet sich zugleich ein neues Handlungsfeld für Bibliothekare, in das sie ihre Erfahrungen und Fähigkeiten im Informations- und Wissensmanagement einbringen können. Da es sich hierbei um ein interdisziplinäres Arbeitsumfeld handelt, ist eine enge Zusammenarbeit von Bibliothekaren, Informatikern und Betriebswirtschaftlern sinnvoll. Die folgenden Ausführungen haben zum Ziel, die Anforderungen der Informations- und Wissensgesellschaft in Bibliotheken aufzuzeigen und die Umsetzung konkreter Maßnahmen für die interne Nutzung im lnformations-Dienst der Bibliotheken darzustellen. Im Alltagsbetrieb der UB Hagen wurde untersucht, ob Systeme wie z.B. APOSDLE die geforderten Prozesse wirksam unterstützen können.

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Date

22. 1.2017 16:45:48

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Abstract

Adopting an intradisciplinary perspective, this article evaluates the information-seeking behavior of academics from different subfields of physics and astronomy. It investigates the effect of interdisciplinarity (reliance on the literature of other subjects) and the scatter of literature on two aspects of the information-seeking behavior: methods used for keeping up-to-date and for identifying articles. To this end a survey of 114 PhD students and staff at the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University College London was carried out. The findings showed that the subfields that are more interdisciplinary or have a more scattered literature are more likely to use general search facilities for finding information. The study also showed that cross-disciplinary use of the literature is not necessarily an indicator of scattered literature. The study reveals intradisciplinary differences among physicists and astronomers in terms of their information-seeking behavior and highlights the risk of overlooking the characteristics of information-seeking behavior of specialized subject communities by focusing on very broad subject categories.

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Abstract

Dass eine erfolgreiche Suche nach im Unternehmen vorhandenen Informationen oftmals schwieriger zu bewerkstelligen ist als eine Suche im Internet, wird in der Privatwirtschaft zunehmend als Problem gesehen. Enterprise Search ist eine Strategie, diesem Problem zu begegnen. In einer Studie mit explorativem Charakter wurde der Frage nachgegangen, wie es um den Stand unternehmensweiten Suche in österreichischen Unternehmen bestellt ist. m Rahmen einer Onlinebefragung wurden dazu im März / April 2009 469 Unternehmen befragt. Es beteiligten sich 104 Unternehmen. Das entspricht einem Rücklauf von 22 %. Dieser Beitrag gibt Auskunft über Status quo der unternehmensweiten Informationsorganisation und -suche in Österreich und benennt unternehmens- bzw. personengebundene Faktoren, die darauf Einfluss haben. Im einzelnen werden Ergebnisse zu folgenden Aspekten präsentiert: Regelung der Informationsorganisation; Anreicherung unstrukturierter Informationen mit Metadaten; Probleme bei der Suche nach unternehmensinternen Informationen; täglicher Zeitaufwand für die Suche; vorhandene, wünschenswerte und benötigte Suchfunktionalitäten; Zufriedenheit mit der Suche und der Informationsorganisation Unternehmen.

Date

22. 1.2016 19:00:02