-
Notess, G.R.: Searching the hidden Internet (1997)
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- Abstract
- WWW search engines are not comprehensive in their searches. They do not search: Adobe PDF file or other formatted files, registration files, and data sets. Basic search strategies can give access to some of the hidden content. 2 databases are also available to provide access to the hidden information. Excite's News Tracker searches a database of selected online publications. ATI databases from PLS, Inc. presents access to a variety of Internet accessible databases that may require membership or the payment of a registration fee
- Content
- Vgl. auch Snow, B.: The Internet's hidden content and how to find it. In: Online 24(2000) no.3, S.61-66.
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Ford, N.; Wood, F.; Walsh, C.: Cognitive styles and searching (1994)
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- Abstract
- The primary aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the absence of postings information on online searches and searching behaviour and these results were reported in Journal of information science 20(1994) no.1. The secondary aim, reported here, was to assess the cognitive styles of the participants to ensure that the population was sufficiently vareid in this respect and to investigate possible correlations between cognitive ability and searching behaviour. Throughout the project, searches were made by postgraduates at the department of information studies, University of Sheffield using the LISA database on CD-ROM. A total of 67 searchers carried out 275 searches, both with and without postings information. Reports significant differences in both searching behaviour and search outcomes obtained by those with different learning styles, with and without postings information. Significant correlations were found between cognitice styles and online searching. Searchers characterized by different learning styles tend to adopt different search strategies and strategies associated with comprehension and operation learning styles result in qualitatively different searching performance. Searching approaches associated with a versatile style are the most effective. Making feedback in the form of postings available enables comprehension and operation learners, and field independent searchers, to change their apporach in qualitatively different ways. Other findings are reported and discussed
- Source
- Online and CD-ROM review. 18(1994) no.2, S.79-86
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Iivonen, M.; Sonnenwald, D.H.: From translation to navigation of different discourses : a model of search term selection during the pre-online stage of the search process (1998)
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- Abstract
- Proposes a model of the search term selection process based on an empirical study of professional searchers during the pre-online stage of the search process. The model chraracterises the selection of search terms as the navigation of different discourses. 6 discourses emerged as sources of search terms: controlled vocabularies, documents and the domain, the practice of indexing, clients' search request, databases and the searchers' own search experience. Searchers navigate the discourses dynamically and have preferences for certain discourses. Emphasises the multiplicity and complexity of sources of search terms, the dynamic nature of the search term selection process and the complex analysis and synthesis of differences and similarities among sources of search terms. Searchers may need to understand fundamental aspects of multiple discourses in order to select search terms
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Caywood, C.: ¬A shift in search strategy (1994)
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- Abstract
- Looks at bibliographic instruction in the age of electronic searching and the the need to provide instruction to insure that remote access to the library is successful. Outlines an approach to teaching library skills by Loomis and Fink in 1993, that is equally relevant to school and public libraries, in which they argue that a successful search can no longer be equated with the quantity of material retrieved but with its relevance. This is dependent upon standardisation of access points, search language and online instructions
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Makulowich, J.S.: 10 tips on managing your Internet searching (1995)
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- Source
- Online. 19(1995) no.4, S.32-37
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Zorn, P.: Advanced web searching : tricks of the trade (1996)
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- Source
- Online. 20(1996) no.3, S.15-28
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Notess, G.R.: Internet search techniques and strategies (1997)
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- Source
- Online. 21(1997) no.4, S.63-66
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Limberg, L.: Three conceptions of information seeking and use (1999)
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- Date
- 22. 3.2002 9:53:10
-
Cleary, J.S.: Asking the right question : formulating effective search strategies for electronic databases (1997)
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- Abstract
- Describes a simple technique that enables students to practice skills in formulating search strategies for electronic databases. Currently used in some library instruction classes at Slippery Roch University, this technique employs cooperative learning and critical thinking skills, requires relatively little time, and is effective with both undergraduates and graduates. In particular this technique claerly demonstrates that information retrieval is greatly affected by the manner in which the question is asked
-
Wildemuth, B.M.; Jacob, E.K.; Fullington, A.;; Bliek, R. de; Friedman, C.P.: ¬A detailed analysis of end-user search behaviours (1991)
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- Abstract
- Search statements in this revision process can be viewed as a 'move' in the overall search strategy. Very little is known about how end users develop and revise their search strategies. A study was conducted to analyse the moves made in 244 data base searches conducted by 26 medical students at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Students search INQUIRER, a data base of facts and concepts in microbiology. The searches were conducted during a 3-week period in spring 1990 and were recorded by the INQUIRER system. Each search statement was categorised, using Fidel's online searching moves (S. Online review 9(1985) S.61-74) and Bates' search tactics (s. JASIS 30(1979) S.205-214). Further analyses indicated that the most common moves were Browse/Specity, Select Exhaust, Intersect, and Vary, and that selection of moves varied by student and by problem. Analysis of search tactics (combinations of moves) identified 5 common search approaches. The results of this study have implcations for future research on search behaviours, for thedesign of system interfaces and data base structures, and for the training of end users
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Vakkari, P.: Task complexity, information types, search strategies and relevance : integrating studies on information retrieval and seeking (1999)
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- Abstract
- Research in information science aims to comprehend the facilitation of access to information for supporting purposeful action. The major themes to be addressed have been how information is organized for access, how it is retrieved from storage, and how it is sought out and used for various purposes. Two central research areas in the field are information retrieval (IR) and information seeking (IS) (Vakkari & Rochester, 1998). Although intuitively the fields seem to be overlapping, their research communities have been active in their own enclosures. Few researchers have visited the neighboring side. However, there are researchers (Bates, 1989; Belkin & Vickery, 1986; Belkin, 1993; Ellis, 1989; Ingwersen, 1992, 1996; Järvelin 1987; Kuhlthau, 1993; Marchionini, 1995; Saracevic & Kantor, 1988) who have stressed the need to connect results from both research traditions. IR can be seen as a part of a broader process of information seeking. By IS is understood a process of searching, obtaining and using information for a purpose (e.g., form a solution for a task) when a person does not have sufficient prior knowledge. By 1R is understood the use of an information system for obtaining relevant information for a purpose (e.g., a task). This implies that information systems are a specific means among other sources and channels for obtaining information.
-
Spink, A.: Towards a theoretical framework for information retrieval in an information seeking context (1999)
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- Abstract
- This paper presents the initial stages of the development of a three-dimensional model as a theoretical framework for conceptualizing and exploring interactive information retrieval (IR) with an information seeking context. The model, displayed in Figure 1, includes a Plane of Judgment within a Plane of Interaction within a Plane of Time. The Plane of Judgment includes levels and regions of relevance judgments, and other user judgments during interactive IR, e.g., magnitude or strategy feedback, tactics, search strategies, or search terms. The Plane of Judgment exists within a Plane of Interaction. The Plane of Interaction consists of interactive IR models, including Ingwersen (1992, 1996), Belkin, Cool, Stein and Theil (1995), and Saracevic (1996b, 1997). The Plane of Interaction includes movement or shifts within interactions or search episodes, e.g., tactics, information problem, strategies, terms, feedback, goal states, or uncertainty. IR interactions that occur within a Plane of Interaction exist within a Plane of Time. The Plane of Time includes users' information seeking stages, represented in the model by Kuhlthau's Information Search Process Model (1993) and users' successive searches over time related to the same or evolving information problem (Spink, 1996). The three-dimensional model is a framework for the development of theoretical and empirical research to: 1. Integrate interactive IR research within information-seeking context 2. Explore users' interactive IR episodes within their changing information-seeking contexts 3. Examine relevance judgments within users' information seeking processes 4. Broaden relevance research to include the concurrent exploration of relevance judgment level, region and time
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Archer, N.P.; Head, M.M.; Yuan, Y.: Patterns in information search for decision making : the effects of information abstraction (1996)
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- Abstract
- Reviews the form and application of information abstraction in an information retrieval interface. Discusses the results of an explanatory study undertaken to develop an understanding of the information search strategy and the decision strategy used, and whether these strategies were related. Describes the design of an experimental interface to evaluate its effects. Discusses an experiment where data were collected on the activities of subjects while they used an interface to solve an alternative ranking problem. Presents an analysis of the data, conclusions and implications of the study
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Wilson, T.D.: Models in information behaviour research (1999)
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- Abstract
- This paper presents an outline of models of information seeking and other aspects of information behaviour, showing the relationship between communication and information behaviour in general with information seeking and information searching in information retrieval systems. It is suggested that these models address issues at various levels of information behaviour and that they can be related by envisaging a 'nesting' of models. It is also suggested that, within both information seeking research and information searching research, alternative models address similar issues in related ways and that the models are complementary rather than conflicting. Finally, an alternative, problem-solving model is presented, which, it is suggested, provides a basis for relating the models in appropriate research strategies.
-
Byström, K.: Information seekers in context : an analysis of the 'doer' in INSU studies (1999)
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- Date
- 22. 3.2002 9:55:52
-
Toms, E.G.: What motivates the browser? (1999)
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- Date
- 22. 3.2002 9:44:47
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Ennis, M.; Sutcliffe, A.G.; Watkinson, S.J.: Towards a predictive model of information seeking : empirical studies of end-user-searching (1999)
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- Date
- 22. 3.2002 9:54:13
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Hsieh-Yee, I.: Effects of search experience and subject knowledge on the search tactics of novice and experienced searchers (1993)
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- Abstract
- This study investigated the effects of subject knowledge and search experience on novices' and experienced searchers' use of search tactics in online searches. Novice and experienced searchers searched a practice question and two test questions in the ERIC database on the DIALOG system and their use of search tactics were recorded by protocols, transaction logs, and observation. Search tactics were idetified from the literature and verified in 10 pretests, and nine search tactics variables were operationalized to describe the differences between the two searcher groups. Data analyses showed that that subject knowledge interacted with search experience, and both variables affected searchers' behavior in four ways: (1) when questions in their subject area were searched, experience affected searchers' use of synonymous terms, monitoring of the search process, and combinations of serch terms; (2) when questions outside their subject areas were searched, experience affected searchers' reliance on their own terminology, use of the thesaurus, offline term selection, use of synonymous terms, and combinations of search terms; (3) within the same experience group, subject knowledge had no effect on novice searchers; but (4) subject knowledge affected experienced searcher's reliance on their own language, use of the thesaurus, offline term selection, use of synonymous terms, monitoring of the search, and combinations of search terms. The results showed that search experience affected searchers' use of many search tactics, and suggested that subject knowledge became a factor only after searchers have had a certain amount of search experience
-
Kuhlthau, C.C.: Investigating patterns in information seeking : concepts in context (1999)
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- Abstract
- This paper presents the initial stages of the development of a three-dimensional model as a theoretical framework for conceptualizing and exploring interactive information retrieval (IR) with an information seeking context. The model, displayed in Figure 1, includes a Plane of Judgment within a Plane of Interaction within a Plane of Time. The Plane of Judgment includes levels and regions of relevance judgments, and other user judgments during interactive IR, e.g., magnitude or strategy feedback, tactics, search strategies, or search terms. The Plane of Judgment exists within a Plane of Interaction. The Plane of Interaction consists of interactive IR models, including Ingwersen (1992, 1996), Belkin, Cool, Stein and Theil (1995), and Saracevic (1996b, 1997). The Plane of Interaction includes movement or shifts within interactions or search episodes, e.g., tactics, information problem, strategies, terms, feedback, goal states, or uncertainty. IR interactions that occur within a Plane of Interaction exist within a Plane of Time. The Plane of Time includes users' information seeking stages, represented in the model by Kuhlthau's Information Search Process Model (1993) and users' successive searches over time related to the same or evolving information problem (Spink, 1996). The three-dimensional model is a framework for the development of theoretical and empirical research to: 1. Integrate interactive IR research within information-seeking context 2. Explore users' interactive IR episodes within their changing information-seeking contexts 3. Examine relevance judgments within users' information seeking processes 4. Broaden relevance research to include the concurrent exploration of relevance judgment level, region and time
