Search (37 results, page 1 of 2)

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Abstract

In information needs, seeking and use (INSU) research, individuals have most commonly been perceived as users (e.g., Kuhlthau, 1991; Dervin & Nilan, 1986; Dervin, 1989; Belkin, 1980). The concept user originates from the user of libraries and other information services and information systems. Over the years the scope of the concept has become wider and it is nowadays often understood in the sense of seekers of information (e.g., Wilson, 1981; Marchionini, 1995) and users of information (e.g., Streatfield, 1983). Nevertheless, the concept has remained ambiguous by being on the one hand universal and on the other hand extremely specific. The purpose of this paper is to map and evaluate views on people whose information behaviour has been in one way or another the core of our research area. The goal is to shed some light on various relationships between the different aspects of doers in INSU studies. The paper is inspired by Dervin's (1997) analysis of context where she identified among other themes the nature of subject by contrasting a `transcendental individual' with a `decentered subject', and Talja's (1997) presentation about constituting `information' and `user' from the discourse analytic viewpoint as opposed to the cognitive viewpoint. Instead of the metatheoretical approach applied by Dervin and Talja, a more concrete approach is valid in the present analysis where no direct arguments for or against the underlying metatheories are itemised. The focus is on doers in INSU studies leaving other, even closely-related concepts (i.e., information, information seeking, knowledge etc.), outside the scope of the paper.

Date

22. 3.2002 9:55:52

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Date

5. 6.2006 11:22:23

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Date

25. 1.2016 18:46:22

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Abstract

Research in information science aims to comprehend the facilitation of access to information for supporting purposeful action. The major themes to be addressed have been how information is organized for access, how it is retrieved from storage, and how it is sought out and used for various purposes. Two central research areas in the field are information retrieval (IR) and information seeking (IS) (Vakkari & Rochester, 1998). Although intuitively the fields seem to be overlapping, their research communities have been active in their own enclosures. Few researchers have visited the neighboring side. However, there are researchers (Bates, 1989; Belkin & Vickery, 1986; Belkin, 1993; Ellis, 1989; Ingwersen, 1992, 1996; Järvelin 1987; Kuhlthau, 1993; Marchionini, 1995; Saracevic & Kantor, 1988) who have stressed the need to connect results from both research traditions. IR can be seen as a part of a broader process of information seeking. By IS is understood a process of searching, obtaining and using information for a purpose (e.g., form a solution for a task) when a person does not have sufficient prior knowledge. By 1R is understood the use of an information system for obtaining relevant information for a purpose (e.g., a task). This implies that information systems are a specific means among other sources and channels for obtaining information.

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Date

22. 5.2005 19:53:09

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Content

"In einer öffentlichen Bücherei ist die Suche nach einem Werk recht einfach: Man geht einfach die Regale ab, bis man beim richtigen Buchstaben oder Thema angekommen ist. In vielen wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken ist das komplizierter. Denn dort müssen sich Studenten durch Datenbanken und Zettelkataloge wühlen. "Eine Ausnahme ist der Lesesaal, erklärt Marlene Grau, Sprecherin der Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek in Hamburg. Im Lesesaal stehen die Bücher wie in einer öffentlichen Bibliothek in Reih und Glied nach Fachgebieten wie Jura, Biologie oder Medizin sortiert. So können Studenten ein wenig schmökern und querbeet lesen. Wer jedoch ein bestimmtes Werk sucht, nutzt besser gleich den Katalog der Bibliothek. Darin lässt sich zum einen nach dem Autor oder einem Titelstichwort suchen - in der Biologie etwa "Fliege" oder "Insekt". "Dann kann man hoffen, dass Bücher zum Thema das Stichwort im Titel enthalten", sagt Grau. Die andere Variante ist, nach einem Schlagwort zu suchen. Um das passende zu finden, kann man im Schlagwort-Index blättern. Oder man sucht nach einem bekannten Buch, das zum Thema passt. Dann kann man mit dessen Schlagwörtern weitersuchen. Der Vorteil: Bücher müssen dieses Schlagwort nicht im Titel enthalten. Buchtitel wie 'Keine Angst vor Zahlen' oder 'Grundkurs Rechnen' findet man über die Schlagworte 'Mathematik' und 'Einführung', aber mit Stichworten eher nicht", erklärt Ulrich Hohoff. Er leitet die Universitätsbibliothek in Augsburg.
"Ein häufiger Fehler ist auch, bei Google nach Büchern zu suchen", sagt Grau. Die Suchmaschine enthält keine Bibliotheksdaten. Außerdem sollten Studenten darauf achten, ob sie nach einem Zeitschriften-Artikel oder einer Monografie suchen. Benötigt man einen Aufsatz, muss man nach dem Titel der Zeitschrift und nicht nach dem Titel des Artikels suchen. Wichtig ist auch, den Suchschlüssel zu beachten. Wer nach dem Autor Johann Wolfgang von Goethe sucht, aber das Wort in der Titelsuche eingibt, bekommt andere Treffermengen. Studenten sollten die Suche auch nicht zu sehr eingrenzen. "Dann findet man nichts", warnt Grau. Andererseits darf man auch nicht zu allgemein suchen. Wer nach einem Buch zur deutschen Geschichte sucht, bekommt bei der Eingabe von "deutsche Geschichte" Tausende Treffer. "Da muss man den richtigen Suchschlüssel auswählen", erklärt Grau. Wer im Feld "Titelanfänge" etwa "deutsche Geschichte" eingibt, finde alle Titel mit diesen Wörtern in genau dieser Reihenfolge. Er lande also nicht beim Buch "Deutsche Naturlyrik: ihre Geschichte in Einzelanalysen". Das ist bei weit gefassten Begriffen sehr wichtig und hilfreich."

Date

3. 5.1997 8:44:22

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Date

22. 5.2005 19:52:29

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Source

Library and information science research. 22(2000) no.4, S.371-382

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 54(2003) no.7, S.695-697 (R. Savolainen): "Donald O. Case has written an ambitious book to create an overall picture of the major approaches to information needs and seeking (INS) studies. The aim to write an extensive review is reflected in the list of references containing about 700 items. The high ambitions are explained an p. 14, where Case states that he is aiming at a multidisciplinary understanding of the concept of information seeking. In the Preface, the author characterizes his book as an introduction to the topic for students at the graduate level, as well as as a review and handbook for scholars engagged in information behavior research. In my view, Looking for Information is particularly welcome as an academic textbook because the field of INS studies suffers from the lack of monographs. Along with the continuous growth of the number of journal articles and conference papers, there is a genuine need for a book that picks up the numerous pieces and puts them together. The use of the study as a textbook is facilitated by clearly delineated sections an major themes and the wealth of concrete examples of information seeking in everyday contexts. The book is lucidly written and it is accessible to novice readers, too. At first glance, the idea of providing a comprehensive review of INS studies may seem a mission impossible because the current number of articles, papers, and other contributions in this field is nearing the 10,000 range (p. 224). Donald Case is not alone in the task of coming to grips with an increasing number of studies; similar problems have been faced by those writing INS-related chapters for the Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST). Case has solved the problem of "too many publications to be reviewed" by concentrating an the INS literature published during the last two decades. Secondly, studies an library use and information retrieval are discussed only to a limited extent. In addition, Case is highly selective as to studies focusing an the use of specific sources and channels such as WWW. These delineations are reasonable, even though they beg some questions. First, how should one draw the line between studies an information seeking and information retrieval? Case does not discuss this question in greater detail, although in recent years, the overlapping areas of information seeking and retrieval studies have been broadened, along with the growing importance of WWW in information seeking/retrieval. Secondly, how can one define the concept of information searching (or, more specifically, Internet or Web searching) in relation to information seeking and information retrieval? In the field of Web searching studies, there is an increasing number of contributions that are of direct relevance to information-seeking studies. Clearly, the advent of the Internet, particularly, the Web, has blurred the previous lines between INS and IR literature, making them less clear cut. The book consists of five main sections, and comprises 13 chapters. There is an Appendix serving the needs of an INS textbook (questions for discussion and application). The structure of the book is meticulously planned and, as a whole, it offers a sufficiently balanced contribution to theoretical, methodological, and empirical issues of INS. The title, Looking for Information: A Survey of Research an Information Seeking, Needs, and Behavior aptly describes the main substance of the book. . . . It is easy to agree with Case about the significance of the problem of specialization and fragmentation. This problem seems to be concomitant with the broadening field of INS research. In itself, Case's book can be interpreted as a struggle against this fragmentation. His book suggests that this struggle is not hopeless and that it is still possible to draw an overall picture of the evolving research field. The major pieces of the puzzle were found and the book will provide a useful overview of INS studies for many years."

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Date

5. 8.2006 13:22:44

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Editor

Giusberti, F.

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Abstract

'Information at your fingertip' ist einer der großen Versprechen der Computerindustrie. Tatsächlich wächst das Angebot online verfügbarer Datenbanken und Informationsnetze mit geradezu atemberaubender Geschwindigkeit. Waren Online-Recherchen noch vorwenigen Jahren eine teure Spielerei für Experten, so kann sich heute jeder in den Netzen auf die Suche begeben. Doch ohne Know-how werden die Ergebnisse kaum befriedigen. Dieses Buch hilft Ihnen, die Recherchekosten und den Arbeitsaufwand so niedrig wie möglich zu halten. Es vermittelt die notwendigen Kenntnisse im Umgang mit Online-Diensten und dem Internet und erläutert die Besonderheiten der unterschiedlichen Datenbanken. Vor allem aber erklärt es anhand praxisnaher Beispiele, wie man Suchanfragen konzipiert und erfolgversprechende Suchstrategien entwickelt

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Abstract

Suchportale von Bibliotheken haben im Laufe der Zeit immer stärker eine Reduktion auf einfachste Suchmöglichkeiten im Stile von Google erfahren. Das kommt zwar den Gewohnheiten der Nutzer:innen entgegen, schränkt aber die Möglichkeiten einer fundierten Recherche ein. Abhilfe schaffen explorative Suchinstrumente. Damit diese ökonomisch und bedarfsgerecht realisiert werden können, braucht es eine hohe Datenqualität und einen standardisierten Werkzeugkasten zur Umsetzung von Rechercheoberflächen. Anstelle eines Ausbaus der Funktionen von Suchportalen empfiehlt sich daher eine Ausrichtung und Individualisierung zusätzlicher Recherchetools auf konkrete Anwendungskontexte und Nutzertypen.

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Date

25.12.1998 19:22:31

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Date

22. 3.2002 9:53:10

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Date

10. 4.2005 14:52:22