Search (1248 results, page 2 of 63)

  • × type_ss:"a"
  • × year_i:[2000 TO 2010}
  1. Hu, D.; Kaza, S.; Chen, H.: Identifying significant facilitators of dark network evolution (2009) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    Social networks evolve over time with the addition and removal of nodes and links to survive and thrive in their environments. Previous studies have shown that the link-formation process in such networks is influenced by a set of facilitators. However, there have been few empirical evaluations to determine the important facilitators. In a research partnership with law enforcement agencies, we used dynamic social-network analysis methods to examine several plausible facilitators of co-offending relationships in a large-scale narcotics network consisting of individuals and vehicles. Multivariate Cox regression and a two-proportion z-test on cyclic and focal closures of the network showed that mutual acquaintance and vehicle affiliations were significant facilitators for the network under study. We also found that homophily with respect to age, race, and gender were not good predictors of future link formation in these networks. Moreover, we examined the social causes and policy implications for the significance and insignificance of various facilitators including common jails on future co-offending. These findings provide important insights into the link-formation processes and the resilience of social networks. In addition, they can be used to aid in the prediction of future links. The methods described can also help in understanding the driving forces behind the formation and evolution of social networks facilitated by mobile and Web technologies.
    Date
    22. 3.2009 18:50:30
  2. McIlwaine, I.C.: Trends in knowledge organization research (2003) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    This paper looks at current trends in knowledge organization research, concentrating an universal systems, mapping vocabularies and interoperability concerns, problems of blas, the Internet and search engines, resource discovery, thesauri and visual presentation. Some Problems facing researchers at the present time are discussed. It is accompanied by a bibliography of recent work in the field.
    Date
    10. 6.2004 19:22:56
  3. Pohl, A.: OCLC, WorldCat und die Metadaten-Kontroverse (2009) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    Mit der Ankündigung einer "Policy for Use and Transfer of WorldCat Records" hat OCLC (Online Computer Library Center) in der angelsächsischen Bibliothekswelt eine lebhafte Diskussion hervorgerufen. Im deutschsprachigen Raum hat die geplante Policy allerdings bisher sehr wenig Resonanz gefunden. Ein Grund mag darin liegen, dass OCLC in Europa (noch) deutlich weniger Gewicht hat als in den USA. Sicher hätte das Inkrafttreten einer OCLC-Metadaten-Policy (ganz gleich, wie sie ausgestaltet sein mag) weitreichende Auswirkungen auf das weltweite Bibliothekswesen. Eine Beschäftigung mit dem Thema ist also mehr als angebracht. Dieser Artikel dient dem Zweck, den Stand der Diskussion im angelsächsischen Raum wiederzugeben und einen Einblick in die verschiedenen Aspekte der Auseinandersetzung zu geben.
    Content
    "Hintergründe Das Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) mit Sitz in Dublin (Ohio) präsentiert sich als eine Non-Profit-Mitgliederorganisation, "die sich im öffentlichen Interesse für den breiteren, computergestützten Zugang zum weltweiten Wissen und die Senkung der damit verbundenen Kosten einsetzt." Im globalen Maßstab ist OCLC die größte Organisation im Bibliothekswesen, mit knapp 70.000 Mitgliedsbibliotheken in über 100 Ländern . Das Fundament von OCLC bildet der WorldCat, dessen Konzept dem eines Verbundkatalogs entspricht: eine bibliografische Online-Datenbank für die gemeinsame Katalogisierung, in der auch die Bestandsdaten der beteiligten Bibliotheken erfasst sind. Auf dieser Datenbank baut eine große Zahl der OCLC-Dienstleistungen auf, seien dies Katalogisierungs- und Metadatendienste, Recherchewerkzeuge für Endnutzer, Fernleihdienste oder Bestandsanalyse- und -managementwerkzeuge. Für die Teilnahme am WorldCat sowie die Fremddatenübernahme aus dem WorldCat berechnet OCLC den Mitgliedsinstitutionen nicht unbeträchtliche Summen. Die Einnahmen aus WorldCat-Gebühren und Fremddatendiensten machen mehr als ein Drittel der Gesamteinnahmen OCLCs aus: Im Steuerjahr 2007/2008 betrugen die Einnahmen OCLCs aus Metadatendiensten nach Unternehmensangaben 85,8 Millionen US-$. Das sind knapp 35% der Gesamteinnahmen von 246,4 Millionen US-$ im selben Jahr.6 Man kann OCLC also ein großes finanzielles Interesse daran unterstellen, diesen Datenpool weiterhin unter eigener Kontrolle zu halten, damit die gewohnten Gewinnströme nicht versiegen. Vor diesem Hintergrund nimmt es nicht wunder, dass OCLC versucht eine Policy einzuführen, welche die Geldströme auch in Zukunft sichern soll. Mit der Ankündigung dieser rechtsverbindlichen Regelung hat OCLC Anfang November 2008 die Gemüter kritischer Bibliothekare und von Open-Data-Verfechtern erhitzt. Viele Passagen der Policy erwecken den Eindruck, dass sich OCLC ein Monopol auf die WorldCat-Daten sichern will und Konkurrenz auszuschalten versucht. Die Reaktionen - besonders in der US-amerikanischen Blogosphäre - waren harsch, wodurch bereits einige Änderungen der Policy erreicht worden sind. Mitte Januar hat OCLC nun als Erwiderung auf die vehemente Kritik den geplanten Termin des Inkrafttretens der Policy nach hinten verlegt: von Mitte Februar auf das Dritte Quartal 2009. Mit dem Review "Board of Shared Data Creation and Stewardship" hat OCLC zudem ein Gremium einberufen, das indessen mit OCLC-Mitgliedern und anderen Beteiligten in Kontakt treten soll, um den Policy-Entwurf zu überarbeiten."
  4. Luyt, B.: Defining the digital divide : the role of e-readiness indicators (2006) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    Purpose - To show how e-readiness indicators, specifically the Networked Readiness Index (NRI), participate in the work of defining policy problems. Design/methodology/approach - The article critically examines the Networked Readiness Index in terms of its presentation and its underlying model. It relies on an approach to policy analysis that views policy problems as socially constructed. Findings - E-readiness assessment tools purport to show how ready the nations of the world are to exploit the potential of new information and communication technologies. Yet they do more than that; being actively engaged in constructing policy problems. In the case of the NRI, the problem of the international digital divide is defined in a particular way that privileges certain interests while at the same time legitimatizing its inclusion on the agenda of international organizations as a problem worthy of sustained attention. Practical implications - The findings of the article suggest a need for alternative indicators that register the voices of a wider range of groups and could therefore create a more inclusive digital divide policy problem. Originality/value - Little critical (as opposed to technical) analysis of e-readiness indicators exits in the literature. By focusing on these tools, the article contributes to the debate surrounding the issue of the digital divide.
  5. Rowlands, I.: Knowledge production, consumption and impact : policy indicators for a changing world (2003) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    This paper provides a high-level overview of some of the main research themes and preoccupations that are reported in this special ciber issue of Aslib Proceedings: New Information Perspectives. The research activities of ciber are drawn together in the quest for a better understanding of the policy implications of large-scale knowledge production systems against the backdrop of profound technical change, uncertainty over business models, and new forms of consumer behaviour. The paper presents a series of conceptual frameworks that aim to contextualise ciber's work in bibliometrics, cybermetrics, research evaluation, scholarly communication, user studies, publishing strategies and policy analysis. The transparency that metrics can bring to the evaluation debate and the pivotal role of human information behaviour in determining those metrics, are discussed.
  6. Thelwall, M.; Prabowo, R.: Identifying and characterizing public science-related fears from RSS feeds (2007) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    A feature of modern democracies is public mistrust of scientists and the politicization of science policy, e.g., concerning stem cell research and genetically modified food. While the extent of this mistrust is debatable, its political influence is tangible. Hence, science policy researchers and science policy makers need early warning of issues that resonate with a wide public so that they can make timely and informed decisions. In this article, a semi-automatic method for identifying significant public science-related concerns from a corpus of Internet-based RSS (Really Simple Syndication) feeds is described and shown to be an improvement on a previous similar system because of the introduction of feedbased aggregation. In addition, both the RSS corpus and the concept of public science-related fears are deconstructed, revealing hidden complexity. This article also provides evidence that genetically modified organisms and stem cell research were the two major policyrelevant science concern issues, although mobile phone radiation and software security also generated significant interest.
  7. Sotudeh, H.; Horri, A.: Tracking open access journals evolution : some considerations in open access data collection validation (2007) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    This article examines the evolution of a collection of open access journals (OAJs,) indexed by the Science Citation Index (SCI; Thomson Scientific Philadelphia, PA) against four validity criteria including a free, immediate, full and constant access policy for at least 5 years. Few journals are found to be wrongly identified as OAJ or to have a dubious access policy. Some delayed journals evolved into gold OA; however, these are scarce compared to the number of journals that withdrew from gold OA to be an embargoed or a partially OAJ. A majority of the journals meet three of the criteria as they provide free and immediate access to their entire contents. Although a lot are found to follow a constant policy, a large number has an OA lifetime shorter than 5 years, due to the high frequency of newly launched or newly converted journals. That is the major factor affecting the validity of the collection. Only half of the collection meets all the requirements.
  8. Eisenschitz, T.: Non-literal copying of factual information : architecture of knowledge (2007) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    Purpose - The paper seeks to explore the rights of researchers to use facts gathered from previous authors, even when there are only one or a small number of sources, and also to explore the limits of non-literal copying of textual materials. Design/methodology/approach - The paper consists of a conceptual analysis of legislation and cases that illustrate the effects of the law. Findings - The paper finds that the charge of non-literal copying of factual literary works is not accepted because of low levels of originality in structure of the material. Public policy based on the needs of scholarship provides a more predictable level of access to the contents of works. Practical implications - Originality arguments are always open to try again. Only a policy statement will give a degree of certainty. Originality/value - The paper aids in distinguishing the originality and policy arguments and who benefits from each, and also relates this problem to the more familiar one of the protection of free speech.
  9. Zumer, M.: Guidelines for (electronic) national bibliographies : work in progress (2005) 0.04 
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    Date
    1.11.2005 18:56:22
    Series
    133 SI - Bibliography ; 073-E
  10. Landry, P.: Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) at the Swiss National Library (2006) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    The Swiss National Library adopted the DDC as its classification scheme for its open access stacks collections and the structure of its national bibliography, Das Schweizer Buch, in 1999. The paper explains why the library decided to adopt the DDC and how the decision was made. The factors leading to the decision are explained, namely the use of the DDC in Europe and the decision taken by libraries in Germany to translate and adapt DDC22 in German. The article also describes the implementation process of the DDC and the results so far attained at the Swiss National Library.
    Object
    DDC-22
  11. Saulles, M. de: Information literacy amongst UK SMEs : an information policy gap (2007) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore information literacy amongst small- and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) in the UK and the USA and argue that information policy in the UK has not given sufficient attention to helping these companies navigate the ever-increasing volumes of information accessible over the internet. Design/methodology/approach - A combination of primary and secondary data have been used. The primary data consists of a survey of UK SMEs, which explored how these companies use the internet as a research tool. The results of the survey are compared to similar surveys carried out in the USA. Several significant UK policy documents are examined to find out how government policy in this area has addressed the issue of information literacy amongst SMEs. Findings - It is shown that UK SMEs wasted over £3.7 billion in 2005 in terms of time wasted through inefficient use of the internet as a research tool. Practical implications - It is argued that while government policies in this area have put resources into encouraging SMEs to adopt broadband and engage in e-commerce, they have not sufficiently addressed the issue of information literacy. Originality/value - Little research has been carried out into how SMEs use the internet as a research tool and this is the first time that a financial cost figure has been applied to inefficient searching by these organisations.
  12. Miller, D.P.: Out from under : form/genre access in LCSH (2000) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    The provisions for access to genres and forms of library materials in LCSH are examined through a survey of Library of Congress policy over the century. This article focuses on main headings for literature and moving-image materials, and form subdivisions. Policy documents in this area have become steadily more elaborate and explicit in their instructions, indicating an increased awareness of the importance of form and genre to the library community at large. Nevertheless, there remain doubts as to whether a general subject vocabulary is best suited to provide the full spectrum of form/genre access as well
  13. Noble, S.: Web access and the law : a public policy framework (2002) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    This article details the public policy framework that establishes the legal foundation for requiring access to Web-based information resources for people with disabilities. Particular areas of focus include: the application of the fair use doctrine to an understanding of disability access to digital information; the application of the Americans with Disabilities Act and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act to Web-based services; and the application of Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act to Federal Web-based resources and the extent to which Section 508 may be applicable to states through linkage under the Assistive Technology Act.
  14. Law, D.: Information policy for a new millennium (2000) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    Previous revolutions, the Agrarian and Industrial, are examined and their features compared with the Information Revolution. Lessons are drawn from the comparison and a range of global issues identified. The nature of the Internet is considered and its pretensions argued to be inflated. The role of the state in developing an information society is discussed. A national information policy is identified as a feature and its application in and implications for Scotland are considered. Key features of an Internet culture are indicated and discussed, with lessons and conclusions for social development within the information society presented.
  15. Slavic, A.; Cordeiro, M.I.; Riesthuis, G.: Maintenance of the Universal Decimal Classification : overview of the past and preparations for the future (2008) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    The paper highlights some aspects of the UDC management policy for 2007 and onwards. Following an overview of the long history of modernization of the classification, which started in the 1960s and has influenced the scheme's revision and development since 1990, major changes and policies from the recent history of the UDC revision are summarized. The perspective of the new editorial team, established in 2007, is presented. The new policy focuses on the improved organization and efficiency of editorial work and the improvement of UDC products.
  16. Colati, J.B.; Dean, R.; Maull, K.: Describing digital objects : a tale of compromises (2009) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    The Alliance Digital Repository (ADR) is a consortial digital repository service developed by Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries (Alliance). This paper details how a standard descriptive metadata policy for repository records developed, and how that policy is currently being implemented. All digital objects in the ADR are required to have MODS and OAI-Dublin Core metadata that conform to certain minimum requirements. To help members meet the requirements, Alliance staff and the ADR Metadata Working Group, using tools available in the Fedora/Fez repository environment, have developed a customized set of core ADR material type templates in XSD form.
  17. Spero, S.: LCSH is to thesaurus as doorbell is to mammal : visualizing structural problems in the Library of Congress Subject Headings (2008) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    The Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) has been developed over the course of more than a century, predating the semantic web by some time. Until the 1986, the only concept-toconcept relationship available was an undifferentiated "See Also" reference, which was used for both associative (RT) and hierarchical (BT/NT) connections. In that year, in preparation for the first release of the headings in machine readable MARC Authorities form, an attempt was made to automatically convert these "See Also" links into the standardized thesaural relations. Unfortunately, the rule used to determine the type of reference to generate relied on the presence of symmetric links to detect associatively related terms; "See Also" references that were only present in one of the related terms were assumed to be hierarchical. This left the process vulnerable to inconsistent use of references in the pre-conversion data, with a marked bias towards promoting relationships to hierarchical status. The Library of Congress was aware that the results of the conversion contained many inconsistencies, and intended to validate and correct the results over the course of time. Unfortunately, twenty years later, less than 40% of the converted records have been evaluated. The converted records, being the earliest encountered during the Library's cataloging activities, represent the most basic concepts within LCSH; errors in the syndetic structure for these records affect far more subordinate concepts than those nearer the periphery. Worse, a policy of patterning new headings after pre-existing ones leads to structural errors arising from the conversion process being replicated in these newer headings, perpetuating and exacerbating the errors. As the LCSH prepares for its second great conversion, from MARC to SKOS, it is critical to address these structural problems. As part of the work on converting the headings into SKOS, I have experimented with different visualizations of the tangled web of broader terms embedded in LCSH. This poster illustrates several of these renderings, shows how they can help users to judge which relationships might not be correct, and shows just exactly how Doorbells and Mammals are related.
    Source
    Metadata for semantic and social applications : proceedings of the International Conference on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications, Berlin, 22 - 26 September 2008, DC 2008: Berlin, Germany / ed. by Jane Greenberg and Wolfgang Klas
  18. Sandner, M.; Jahns, Y.: Kurzbericht zum DDC-Übersetzer- und Anwendertreffen bei der IFLA-Konferenz 2005 in Oslo, Norwegen (2005) 0.03 
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    Content
    "Am 16. August 2005 fand in Oslo im Rahmen der heurigen IFLA-Konferenz das alljährliche Treffen der DDC-Übersetzer und der weltweiten DeweyAnwender-Institutionen (Nationalbibliotheken, Ersteller von Nationalbibliografien) statt. Die im Sommer 2005 bereits abgeschlossene deutsche Übersetzung wird in der Druckfassung Ende des Jahres in 4 Bänden vorliegen, beim K. G. Saur Verlag in München erscheinen (ISBN 3-598-11651-9) und 2006 vom ebenfalls erstmals ins Deutsche übersetzten DDC-Lehrbuch (ISBN 3-598-11748-5) begleitet. Pläne für neu startende Übersetzungen der DDC 22 gibt es für folgende Sprachen: Arabisch (mit der wachsenden Notwendigkeit, Klasse 200 Religion zu revidieren), Französisch (es erschien zuletzt eine neue Kurzausgabe 14, nun werden eine vierbändige Druckausgabe und eine frz. Webversion anvisiert), Schwedisch, Vietnamesisch (hierfür wird eine an die Sprache und Schrift angepasste Version des deutschen Übersetzungstools zum Einsatz kommen).
    Allgemein DDC 22 ist im Gegensatz zu den früheren Neuauflagen der Standard Edition eine Ausgabe ohne generelle Überarbeitung einer gesamten Klasse. Sie enthält jedoch zahlreiche Änderungen und Expansionen in fast allen Disziplinen und in vielen Hilfstafeln. Es erschien auch eine Sonderausgabe der Klasse 200, Religion. In der aktuellen Kurzausgabe der DDC 22 (14, aus 2004) sind all diese Neuerungen berücksichtigt. Auch die elektronische Version exisitiert in einer vollständigen (WebDewey) und in einer KurzVariante (Abridged WebDewey) und ist immer auf dem jüngsten Stand der Klassifikation. Ein Tutorial für die Nutzung von WebDewey steht unter www.oclc.org /dewey/ resourcesitutorial zur Verfügung. Der Index enthält in dieser elektronischen Fassung weit mehr zusammengesetzte Notationen und verbale Sucheinstiege (resultierend aus den Titeldaten des "WorldCat") als die Druckausgabe, sowie Mappings zu den aktuellsten Normdatensätzen aus LCSH und McSH. Aktuell Die personelle Zusammensetzung des EPC (Editorial Policy Committee) hat sich im letzten Jahr verändert. Dieses oberste Gremium der DDC hat Prioritäten für den aktuellen Arbeitsplan festgelegt. Es wurde vereinbart, größere Änderungsvorhaben via Dewey-Website künftig wie in einem Stellungnahmeverfahren zur fachlichen Diskussion zu stellen. www.oclc.org/dewey/discussion/."
  19. Krummel, D.W.: Bibliography (2009) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    The basic families of bibliography are distinguished, followed by an overview of the history of bibliography. Major works in the world of bibliography are cited in their contexts. The practices of assembling and searching bibliographical lists are summarized, and the last section, which focuses on physical bibliography, surveys the study of books as artifactual evidence.
  20. Capurro, R.; Hjoerland, B.: ¬The concept of information (2002) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    Discussions about the concept of information in other disciplines are very important for IS because many theories and approaches in IS have their origins elsewhere (see the section "Information as an Interdisciplinary Concept" in this chapter). The epistemological concept of information brings into play nonhuman information processes, particularly in physics and biology. And vice versa: the psychic and sociological processes of selection and interpretation may be considered using objective parameters, leaving aside the semantic dimension, or more precisely, by considering objective or situational parameters of interpretation. This concept can be illustrated also in physical terms with regard to release mechanisms, as we suggest. Our overview of the concept of information in the natural sciences as well as in the humanities and social sciences cannot hope to be comprehensive. In most cases, we can refer only to fragments of theories. However, the reader may wish to follow the leads provided in the bibliography. Readers interested primarily in information science may derive most benefit from the section an "Information in Information Science," in which we offer a detailed explanation of diverse views and theories of information within our field; supplementing the recent ARIST chapter by Cornelius (2002). We show that the introduction of the concept of information circa 1950 to the domain of special librarianship and documentation has in itself had serious consequences for the types of knowledge and theories developed in our field. The important question is not only what meaning we give the term in IS, but also how it relates to other basic terms, such as documents, texts, and knowledge. Starting with an objectivist view from the world of information theory and cybernetics, information science has turned to the phenomena of relevance and interpretation as basic aspects of the concept of information. This change is in no way a turn to a subjectivist theory, but an appraisal of different perspectives that may determine in a particular context what is being considered as informative, be it a "thing" (Buckland, 1991b) or a document. Different concepts of information within information science reflect tensions between a subjective and an objective approach. The concept of interpretation or selection may be considered to be the bridge between these two poles. It is important, however, to consider the different professions involved with the interpretation and selection of knowledge. The most important thing in IS (as in information policy) is to consider information as a constitutive forte in society and, thus, recognize the teleological nature of information systems and services (Braman, 1989).

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