-
Schmitz, K.-D.: Wörterbuch, Thesaurus, Terminologie, Ontologie : Was tragen Terminologiewissenschaft und Informationswissenschaft zur Wissensordnung bei? (2006)
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- Abstract
- Im Rahmen der technischen Redaktion, der Fachübersetzung und der Terminologiearbeit werden Verfahren und Werkzeuge zur Verwaltung und Nutzung des (technischen) Fachwortschatzes benötigt; im Bereich der Information und Dokumentation erarbeitet und nutzt man Systeme, die Information und Wissen verwaltbar, zugänglich und wieder auffindbar machen. Die in diesen Anwendungsbereichen erarbeiteten und genutzten Sammlungen von meist fachsprachlichen Informationen werden in der Praxis häufig undifferenziert als Glossar, Wörterbuch, Lexikon, Vokabular, Nomenklatur, Thesaurus, Terminologie oder Ontologie bezeichnet. Dieser Beitrag zeigt die Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten dieser einzelnen Typen von geordneten Wissensbeständen auf, wobei auch auf die spezielle Methoden und Paradigmen der Terminologiewissenschaft und der Informationswissenschaft eingegangen wird.
- Date
- 13.10.2006 9:35:23
13.10.2006 12:23:58
- Source
- Information und Sprache: Beiträge zu Informationswissenschaft, Computerlinguistik, Bibliothekswesen und verwandten Fächern. Festschrift für Harald H. Zimmermann. Herausgegeben von Ilse Harms, Heinz-Dirk Luckhardt und Hans W. Giessen
-
Sterbak, R.: ¬Die Mega-Handys : Endgeräte (2001)
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- Abstract
- Das Versprechen der grenzenlosen Datenfreiheit kann nur erfüllen, wer dazu geeignete Handys, Displays und Software auf den Markt bringt
- Date
- 31.12.1996 19:29:41
- Source
- Spektrum der Wissenschaft. 2001, H.10, S.79-80
-
Männer und Frauen orientieren sich anders (2000)
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- Date
- 31.12.1996 19:29:41
- Source
- Spektrum der Wissenschaft. 2000, H.6, S.23
-
Abel, G.; Dreßler, B.; Herb, U.; Müller, M.: Verzahnung von Jahresbibliographie und Institutional Repository der Universität des Saarlandes (2006)
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- Abstract
- Hintergrund Seit 1993 bietet die Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek (SULB) den Angehörigen der Universität des Saarlandes (UdS) die Möglichkeit, wissenschaftliche Publikationen in einer Online-Jahresbibliographie zu verzeichnen. Schon seit dem Jahr 1968 existierte eine gedruckte Fassung der Jahresbibliographie, die Veröffentlichungen der Angehörigen der Universität des Saarlandes, seit 1973 auch die der anderen Hochschulen des Saarlandes, verzeichnete. Als Printausgabe erschien sie zuletzt im Jahr 2000. Die alte Online-Version beinhaltet die Titel ab dem Berichtsjahr 1993 sowie Nachträge aus früheren Jahren. Mit Beginn des Jahres 2006 wurde bei der SULB als Betreiberin der Jahresbibliographie ein deutlicher Schnitt gemacht: Das bewährte alte, auf hierarchischer HTML-Navigation basierende System, das in den Jahren 1993 bis 2005 zirka 100.000 Titelmeldungen aufnahm, wurde durch ein flexibleres, datenbankgestütztes System ersetzt, das es in Zukunft erleichtern wird, die Jahresbibliographie als Instrument der Evaluierung heranzuziehen. Seit November 2000 bietet die SULB den Wissenschaftlern der UdS auch die Möglichkeit, wissenschaftliche Publikationen als Volltext entgeltfrei auf dem Institutional Repository SciDok Open Access konform zur Verfügung zu stellen. SciDok und auch PsyDok, das Disciplinary Repository der SULB für die Psychologie-Community, werden mit der an der Universität Stuttgart entwickelten Software OPUS betrieben. Seit Januar 2006 wird nun auch die Jahresbibliographie der UdS mit OPUS betrieben.
- Date
- 26. 6.2006 10:23:11
-
Thomas, A.R.: Teach yourself thesaurus : exercises, reading, resources (2004)
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- Abstract
- A rationale for self-instruction in thesaurus making is presented. Some definitions of a thesaurus are given and sources suitable to begin self-tuition indicated. A sound grasp of grammar is emphasized and appropriate readings and exercises recommended. Readings in classification, facet analysis, and subject cataloging are described. An approach for deconstruction and reconstruction of sections of classification systems and thesauri is proposed and explained. Procedures for using exercises in thesaurus construction are detailed. The means of examining individual thesauri is suggested. The availability and use of free software are described. The creation of opportunities for self-learning is considered.
- Source
- Cataloging and classification quarterly. 37(2004) nos.3/4, S.23-34
- Theme
- Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus
-
Strack, H.; Skorsky, M.: Zugriffskontrolle bei Programmsystemen und im Datenschutz mittels Formaler Begriffsanalyse (2000)
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- Date
- 29.11.1999 16:15:23
- Source
- Begriffliche Wissensverarbeitung: Methoden und Anwendungen, mit Beiträgen zahlreicher Fachwissenschaftler. Hrsg.: G. Stumme u. R. Wille
-
Grummann, M.: Sind Verfahren zur maschinellen Indexierung für Literaturbestände Öffentlicher Bibliotheken geeignet? : Retrievaltests von indexierten ekz-Daten mit der Software IDX (2000)
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- Abstract
- Maschinelles Indexieren vereinheitlicht und vermehrt das Suchvokabular eines Bibliothekskatalogs durch verschiedene Methoden (u.a. Ermittlung der Grundform, Kompositazerlegung, Wortableitungen). Ein Retrievaltest mit einem für öffentliche Bibliotheken typischen Sachbuchbestand zeigt, dass dieses Verfahren die Ergebnisse von OPAC-Recherchen verbessert - trotz 'blumiger' Titelformulierungen. Im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Erschließungsmethoden (Stich- und Schlagwörter) werden mehr relevante Titel gefunden, ohne gleichzeitig den 'Ballast' zu erhöhen. Das maschinelle Indexieren kann die Verschlagwortung jedoch nicht ersetzen, sondern nur ergänzen
- Source
- Bibliothek: Forschung und Praxis. 24(2000) H.3, S.297-318
-
Großkopf, A.; Harras, G.: Begriffliche Erkundung semantischer Strukturen von Sprechaktverben (2000)
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- Date
- 29.11.1999 16:23:21
- Source
- Begriffliche Wissensverarbeitung: Methoden und Anwendungen, mit Beiträgen zahlreicher Fachwissenschaftler. Hrsg.: G. Stumme u. R. Wille
-
Diepeveen, C.; Fassbender, J.; Robertson, M.: Indexing software (2007)
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- Abstract
- Dieser Beitrag handelt von unterschiedlichen Arten verfügbarer Software zur Erzeugung von Registern und untersucht, ob diese dazu benutzt werden können, ein Register nach internationalen Normen zu erstellen. Da oft behauptet wird, dass die Registererstellung mit einem Computer und ohne Einsatz des Menschen durchführbar sei, untersuchen die Autoren, weshalb Indexieren eine Aktivität des Menschen sein muss und weshalb eine automatische Registererstellung kein zufriedenstellendes Register hervorbringen kann. Automatische Registererstellung kann bestenfalls einen Ausgangspunkt zur weiteren Indexierung liefern. Anschließend wird die Möglichkeit der Registererstellung mit allgemein verfügbarer Software untersucht. Dies kann akzeptable Register hervorbringen, wenngleich oft nur auf mühsame Weise. Für den professionellen Indexierer stellt daher spezielle Indexing Software die bevorzugte Option dar. Die drei am meisten benutzten speziellen Indexierungsprogramme werden kurz bewertet. Ausrichtung und Aussehen dieser Programme sind sehr unterschiedlich, aber die Merkmale und Output-Optionen sind sehr ähnlich. Website Indexing ist ein relativ neues Spezialgebiet innerhalb der Disziplin des Indexierens. Zwei Programme - eine Freeware und ein kommerzielles - zur Erstellung von Registern von Websites werden erörtert. Das Fazit insgesamt ist, dass das Registermachen eine Aktivität ist, die intellektuellen Input des Menschen benötigt. Software kann den Input hervorragend verbessern, aber nicht den Anteil des Menschen daran ersetzen.
- Source
- Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 58(2007) H.8, S.413-420
-
Marion, L.S.; McCain, K.W.: Contrasting views of software engineering journals : author cocitation choices and indexer vocabulary assignments (2001)
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- Abstract
- We explore the intellectual subject structure and research themes in software engineering through the identification and analysis of a core journal literature. We examine this literature via two expert perspectives: that of the author, who identified significant work by citing it (journal cocitation analysis), and that of the professional indexer, who tags published work with subject terms to facilitate retrieval from a bibliographic database (subject profile analysis). The data sources are SCISEARCH (the on-line version of Science Citation Index), and INSPEC (a database covering software engineering, computer science, and information systems). We use data visualization tools (cluster analysis, multidimensional scaling, and PFNets) to show the "intellectual maps" of software engineering. Cocitation and subject profile analyses demonstrate that software engineering is a distinct interdisciplinary field, valuing practical and applied aspects, and spanning a subject continuum from "programming-in-the-smalI" to "programming-in-the-large." This continuum mirrors the software development life cycle by taking the operating system or major application from initial programming through project management, implementation, and maintenance. Object orientation is an integral but distinct subject area in software engineering. Key differences are the importance of management and programming: (1) cocitation analysis emphasizes project management and systems development; (2) programming techniques/languages are more influential in subject profiles; (3) cocitation profiles place object-oriented journals separately and centrally while the subject profile analysis locates these journals with the programming/languages group
- Date
- 29. 9.2001 14:01:01
-
Klotz, U.: Software : Anmerkungen zur Bedeutung und Gestaltung der Technologie, die den Computer zum universellen Instrument macht (2001)
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- Source
- Der digital Wahn. Hrsg.: B.E. Bürdeck
-
Oehlschläger, S.: Aus der 43. Sitzung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Verbundsysteme am 22. und 23. Oktober in der Deutschen Bibliothek Frankfurt am Main (2003)
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-
Reif, G.: Semantische Annotation (2006)
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- Abstract
- In diesem Kapitel wird zuerst der Begriff Semantische Annotation eingeführt und es werden Techniken besprochen um die Annotationen mit dem ursprünglichen Dokument zu verknüpfen. Weiters wird auf Probleme eingegangen, die sich beim Erstellen der Annotationen ergeben. Im Anschluss daran werden Software Tools vorgestellt, die einen Benutzer beim Annotierungsprozess unterstützen. Zum Abschluss werden Methoden diskutiert, die den Annotierungsvorgang in den Entwicklungsprozess einer Web Applikation integrieren.
-
Kienreich, W.; Strohmaier, M.: Wissensmodellierung - Basis für die Anwendung semantischer Technologien (2006)
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- Abstract
- Der Transfer und die Nutzung von Wissen stellen ein zentrales Thema hei der Anwendung semantischer Technologien dar. In diesem Zusammenhang befasst sich das Gebiet der Wissensmodellierung mit der Explizierung von Wissen in formale, sowohl von Menschen als auch von Maschinen interpretierbare, Form. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es aufzuzeigen. wie Methoden der Wissensmodellierung die Grundlage für die Gestaltung von Anwendungen auf Basis semantischer Technologien bilden. Der Beitrag liefert eine Definition eines Wissensbegriffs, erklärt eine Reihe von Formen der abstrakten Wissensrepräsentation und führt ein Kategorisierungsschema für aktuelle Ansätze zur Modellierung ein. Anschließend wird ein Überblick über agenten- und prozessorientierte Modellierungsansätze gegeben. die sowohl auf die Abbildung der realen Welt als auch auf die Abbildung von Software eingehen.
-
Sauer, D.: Alles schneller finden (2001)
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- Abstract
- Tips zur Suche nach: Aktuellen Nachrichten (www.paperball.de, www.paperazzi.de, www.genios.de) - Filmen und Musik (www.vdfkino.de, www.kino.de, www.cdnow.com, www.billboard.com) - Kids im Netz (www.blindekuh.de, www.safetykid.de, www.kindercampus.de) - Jobs - VIPs, Promis und normale Leute - Urlaub (www.ferien.de, www.travel24.de, www.abenteuerreisen.de) - Software (www.moreover.com, www.completeplanet.com) - Bücher (www.amazon.de, www.libri.de, www.zvab.com. www.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/kvk.html)
- Date
- 1. 8.1997 14:03:29
11.11.2001 17:25:22
- Source
- Com!online. 2001, H.12, S.24-29
-
Nerlich, H.: Schlußveranstaltung des Kongresses 'Information und Öffentlichkeit' am 23. März 2000 in Leipzig : "Zukunft der Fachinformation" (2000)
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- Date
- 22. 6.2000 13:33:40
- Source
- nfd Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 51(2000) H.4, S.233-235
-
Göhner, B.: Informationsarchitektur im World Wide Web (2005)
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- Abstract
- Dieser Aufsatz beschäftigt sich mit den Grundsätzen der Informationsarchitektur im World Wide Web. Es werden die Faktoren dargestellt, die bei der Planung der Informationsarchitektur einer Website bedacht werden sollten. Sie erleichtern es dem Nutzer, Information zu finden und aufzunehmen. Eine Voraussetzung ist, die Struktur in der Konzeptionsphase zu optimieren, um eine nutzerfreundliche, erfolgreiche Website zu gestalten. Darüber hinaus werden Kriterien für die Navigation und das Labelsystem beschrieben, auf die Problematik der Suchfunktion eingegangen und das komplexe Thema der Metadaten und kontrollierten Vokabulare angerissen.
- Content
- Vgl.: http://www.bibliothek-saur.de/2005_2/230-236.pdf.
- Date
- 22. 3.2008 13:26:30
- Source
- Bibliothek: Forschung und Praxis. 29(2005) H.2, S.230-236
-
Ruskai, M.B.: Response to Graham : the quantum view (2001)
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- Footnote
- Erwiderung auf: Graham, L.R.: Do mathematical equations display social attributes? in: Mathematical intelligencer 22(2000) no.3, S.31-36
- Source
- Mathematical intelligencer. 23(2001) no.1, S.23-29
-
Flimm, O.: ¬Die Open-Source-Software OpenBib an der USB Köln : Überblick und Entwicklungen in Richtung OPAC 2.0 (2007)
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- Abstract
- Dieser Artikel beschreibt die vom Autor entwickelte und an der Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln (USB) seit 1997 in verschiedenen Projekten eingesetzte Open-Source-Portalsoftware OpenBib. Nach einem grundlegenden Einblick in die Ursprünge, Technik und konkreten Einsatzgebiete an der USB werden weitergehende Funktionen des Portals erläutert, wie RSS-Feeds, Mashups, Tagging, Tag-Clouds, Nutzungsanalysen, Drilldowns sowie Kataloganreicherung. Viele davon sind charakteristisch für einen OPAC 2.0.
- Source
- Bibliothek: Forschung und Praxis. 31(2007) H.2, S.185-192
- Theme
- Katalogfragen allgemein
-
Charlier, M.: Pingpong mit Pingback : Lass mich Deine Suchmaschine sein: Webseiten finden neue Wege der Vernetzung (2003)
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- Abstract
- Die Suchmaschine Google erfasst in ihren Datenbanken nach eigener Auskunft mehr als zwei Milliarden Webseiten. Ob das ein Drittel oder nur ein Viertel aller bestehenden Seiten ist, bleibt umstritten. Aber auch so ergeben Suchanfragen schon eine nicht mehr zu bewältigende Zahl an Treffern - die meisten allerdings weit am Thema vorbei. Um die Seiten, die ihnen einmal positiv aufgefallen sind, wiederzufinden, sammeln fleißige Websurfer Tausende von Bookmarks. Und dann finden sie sich in ihren Lesezeichen nicht mehr zurecht. Information vom Rauschen zu trennen und den Reichtum des Netzes zu erschließen, wird immer schwieriger. Es gibt diverse Projekte, die auf eine Verbesserung dieser Situation abzielen. Die meisten werden noch Jahre bis zum Abschluss benötigen und dann vermutlich auch nur gegen Bezahlung nutzbar sein. Deshalb wird an den Graswurzeln und noch tiefer im Untergrund des Webs derzeit mit technischen Verfahren experimentiert, die auf neuartige Weise die Bildung von persönlichen Informationsnetzen möglich machen. Das ist kostenlos, aber noch nicht so leicht anzuwenden. Da ist z.B. die Blogger-Szene (www.blogworld.de). Blogs sind tagebuchartig geführte und oft mehrfach täglich aktualisierte private Webseiten, auf denen sich Menschen mit gemeinsamen technischen, beruflichen oder persönlichen Interessen treffen. Dort sieht man immer öfter einen kleinen roten Button mit den drei Buchstaben: XML - eine prächtige Kollektion davon bietet der "Hirschgarden" auf http://radio.weblogs.com/0117605/. Wenn man darauf klickt, erscheint eine mehr oder weniger rätselhaft ausgezeichnete Datei, die offensichtlich Informationen zu dieser Seite enthält. Diese Dateien sind so genannte RSS-Feeds, was soviel heißt wie: Lieferanten von angereicherten Seiten-Inhaltsangaben (Rich Site summaries. Das "angereichert" bezieht sich darauf, dass auch Bilder oder Sounddateien angelinkt sein können). Für die Besucher, die schon auf der Seite sind, haben diese kaum entzifferbaren Dateien keinen Wert. Sie sind bestimmt zur Auswertung durch so genannte RSS-Reader - und damit wird die Sache spannend. Wer will, kann sich einen solchen Reader - im Netz werden mehrere davon zum kostenlosen Download angeboten, z.B. auf www.feedreadercom - auf seinem Rechner installieren. Dieser Reader kann die Feeds in einer vernünftig lesbaren Form darstellen; meistens so, wie man das von Mailprogrammen kennt: Links eine Liste der Absender, rechts oben die Überschriften der einzelnen Summaries. Und wenn man diese anklickt, erscheint rechts unten eine Inhaltsangabe des zur jeweiligen Überschrift gehörenden Artikels. Zum Reader gehört eine Liste, in der einzutragen ist, welche Webseiten das Programm - unter Umständen mehrmals täglich - vollautomatisch besuchen soll, um dort die jeweils neuesten Inhaltsangaben abzuholen. Damit ist man jederzeit bestens darüber im Bilde, was auf den wichtigen Seiten geschieht. Technisch geht die Initiative dabei immer vom jeweiligen Anwender aus, aber praktisch wirkt das so, als ob die Informationslieferanten ihn jedesmal benachrichtigen, wenn es etwas neues gibt. Der Anbieter muse natürlich dafür sorgen, dass sein Newsfeed immer aktuell und aussagekräftig gestaltet ist. Für einige Blogs gibt es Software, die das vollautomatisch erledigt. Eine rundum feine Sache also, die bald wohl nicht allein von Bloggern und Nachrichtenagenturen eingesetzt werden. Noch weitreichender sind die Veränderungen, die sich - ebenfalls zunächst in der Welt der Blogs - unter Stichworten wie Trackback oder Pingback ankündigen.
- Links im Rückwärtsgang - Dahinter stehen unterschiedliche technische Verfahren, die aber praktisch auf das Gleiche hinauslaufen: Während Links im www bisher eine buchstäblich einseitige Angelegenheit waren, werden sie nun zweiseitig. Bisher hat derjenige, der "gelinkt worden" ist, davon zunächst einmal gar nichts erfahren. Jetzt sorgt Pingback dafür, dass auf der gelinkten Seite automatisch ein Rückwärts-Link auf die linkende Seite eingerichtet wird, zumindest, wenn beide Webseiten mit der entsprechenden Technik ausgerüstet sind. Natürlich gibt es keinerlei Zwang, sich diesem System anzuschließen. Wer nicht möchte, dass plötzlich Rückwärts-Links auf seinen Seiten auftauchen, richtet die Software einfach nicht ein. Man braucht nicht viel Surferfahrung, um zu ahnen, dass dieses Ping-Pong-Spiel mit Links dem Austausch von Informationen und Meinungen eine ganz neue Dimension eröffnen können - zumindest dann, wenn genug Webseiten mitmachen. Dann wird man auf vielen Webseiten nicht nur Links auf eventuell genutzte Quellen, sondern auch auf Anwender finden können - also auf andere Seiten, deren Betreiber diesen Inhalt für interessant und wichtig genug hielten, um ein Link darauf zu setzen. So entsteht eine Spur, der man nicht nur wie bisher bestenfalls rückwärts, sondern auch vorwärts folgen kann. Das Thema erschließt sich in vielen Varianten und Entwicklungsstadien. Man wird den Weg eines Themas oder einer Information durch das Netz verfolgen können und dabei vermutlich vielen Seiten be-gegnen, die ähnliche Interessen bedienen, die man durch Suchmaschinen nie gefunden hätte. Das "persönliche Netz" wird enger geknüpft, die Bedeutung der Suchmaschinen und ihrer Defizite wird geringer. An die Stelle mechanischer Sucherei treten lebendige Zusammenhänge. Noch ist das Zukunftsmusik. Man findet zwar schon recht viele Blogs, die ihre Aufnahmebereitschaft für Rückwärtslinks signalisieren, aber erst wenige, bei denen diese Möglichkeit auch genutzt wird. Die kritische Masse, ohne die das System seine Vorteile ausspielen könnte, ist anscheinend noch nicht erreicht. Aber die ständig verbesserte Anwendbarkeit der Software und der Umstand, dass sie nichts kostet, machen Lust, es einmal auszuprobieren. Und in dem Maß, in dem Suchmaschinen die Erwartungen immer weniger erfüllen und am Ende noch Geld für gute Positionierungen nehmen, wird es gerade für kleinere Anbieter - nicht nur im Hobby-Bereich - immer interessanter, neue Wege der Vernetzung zu erproben.
- Date
- 5. 4.2003 10:23:45
