Search (64 results, page 1 of 4)

  • × theme_ss:"Suchtaktik"
  • × year_i:[1990 TO 2000}
  1. Limberg, L.: Three conceptions of information seeking and use (1999) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    This study grew out of a need for better research based understanding of information seeking and use in a specific context. Several researchers in library and information studies (LIS) pointed out the predominance of research on information needs and information seeking and expressed a need for the study of information use (i.a. Kuhlthau 1993; Vakkari 1997; Wilson 1981). The role of context for information seeking behaviour has been stressed (i.a. Dervin 1997; Wilson 1981, 1994). The complex process of information seeking and use in learning contexts needs further exploration, according to i.a. Kuhlthau (1993). My research project investigated how students used information and what they learnt from the information they retrieved and used for an assignment. The aim of the project was to study information seeking through an explorative investigation of the interaction between information seeking and use and learning outcomes.
    Date
    22. 3.2002 9:53:10
    Type
    a
  2. Hsieh-Yee, I.: Search tactics of Web users in searching for texts, graphics, known items and subjects : a search simulation study (1998) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Reports on a study of the search tactics used in searching the WWW and in dealing with difficulties such as too many postings and no relevant postings. Describes how the study was carried out, the analytical techniques used in it, and the results. Notes that with regard to tactics used to address search difficulties, no differences were found between searchers for texts and those for graphic information, and between those for known items and subject searches. Comments on the similarities and differences between the tactics used and and those used in online searching, including online catalogue searching
    Date
    25.12.1998 19:22:31
    Type
    a
  3. Byström, K.: Information seekers in context : an analysis of the 'doer' in INSU studies (1999) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    In information needs, seeking and use (INSU) research, individuals have most commonly been perceived as users (e.g., Kuhlthau, 1991; Dervin & Nilan, 1986; Dervin, 1989; Belkin, 1980). The concept user originates from the user of libraries and other information services and information systems. Over the years the scope of the concept has become wider and it is nowadays often understood in the sense of seekers of information (e.g., Wilson, 1981; Marchionini, 1995) and users of information (e.g., Streatfield, 1983). Nevertheless, the concept has remained ambiguous by being on the one hand universal and on the other hand extremely specific. The purpose of this paper is to map and evaluate views on people whose information behaviour has been in one way or another the core of our research area. The goal is to shed some light on various relationships between the different aspects of doers in INSU studies. The paper is inspired by Dervin's (1997) analysis of context where she identified among other themes the nature of subject by contrasting a `transcendental individual' with a `decentered subject', and Talja's (1997) presentation about constituting `information' and `user' from the discourse analytic viewpoint as opposed to the cognitive viewpoint. Instead of the metatheoretical approach applied by Dervin and Talja, a more concrete approach is valid in the present analysis where no direct arguments for or against the underlying metatheories are itemised. The focus is on doers in INSU studies leaving other, even closely-related concepts (i.e., information, information seeking, knowledge etc.), outside the scope of the paper.
    Date
    22. 3.2002 9:55:52
    Type
    a
  4. Toms, E.G.: What motivates the browser? (1999) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Browsing is considered to be unstructured and human-driven, although not a cognitively intensive process. It is conducted using systems that facilitate considerable user-system interactivity. Cued by the content, people immerse themselves in a topic of interest and meander from topic to topic while concurrently recognising interesting and informative information en route. They seem to seek and gather information in a purposeless, illogical and indiscriminate manner. Typical examples of these ostensibly random acts are scanning a non-fiction book, examining the morning newspaper, perusing the contents of a business report and scavenging the World Wide Web. Often the result is the acquisition of new information, the rejection or confirmation of an idea, or the genesis of new, perhaps not-wholly-formed thoughts about a topic. Noteworthy about this approach is that people explore information without having consciously structured queries or explicit goals. This form of passive information interaction behaviour is defined as acquiring and gathering information while scanning an information space without a specific goal in mind (Waterworth & Chignell, 1991; Toms, 1997), and for the purposes of this study, is called browsing. Traditionally, browsing is thought of in two ways: as a physical process - the action taken when one scans a list, a document, or a set of linked information nodes (e.g., Fox & Palay, 1979; Thompson & Croft, 1989; Ellis, 1989), and as a conceptual process, information seeking when the goal is ill-defined (e.g., Cove & Walsh, 1987). Browsing is also combined with searching in an integrated information-seeking process for retrieving information (e.g., Ellis, 1989; Belkin, Marchetti & Cool, 1993; Marchionini, 1995; Chang, 1995). Each of these cases focuses primarily on seeking information when the objective ranges from fuzzy to explicit.
    Date
    22. 3.2002 9:44:47
    Type
    a
  5. Ennis, M.; Sutcliffe, A.G.; Watkinson, S.J.: Towards a predictive model of information seeking : empirical studies of end-user-searching (1999) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Previous empirical studies of searcher behaviour have drawn attention to a wide variety of factors that affect performance; for instance, the display of retrieved results can alter search strategies (Allen 1991, 1994), the information need type influences search behaviour, (Elkerton et al 1984, Marchionini 1995); while the task complexity, reflected in the information need can affect user's search behaviour (Large et al 1994). Furthermore, information source selection (Bassilli 1977), and the user's model of the system and domain impact on the search process (Michel 1994); while motivation (Solomon 1993, Jacobsen et al 1992) and the importance of the information need (Wendt 1969) also influence search duration and the effort a user will employ. Rouse and Rouse (1984) in a review of empirical studies, summarise a wide variety of variables that can effect searching behaviour, including payoff, costs of searching, resource available, amount of information sought, characteristics of the data and conflicts between documents. It appears that user behaviour is inconsistent in the search strategies adopted even for the same search need and system (Davidson 1977, Iivonen 1995). Theories of searcher behaviour have been proposed that provide explanations of aspects of end-user behaviour, such as the evolution of the user's information need and the problems of articulating a query, [Bates (1979, 1989), Markey and Atherton 1978], effective search strategies in browsing and goal directed searches [Marchionini 1995, Belkin (1987, 1993)], the linguistic problem of matching search terms with indexing terms or content of target documents through an expert intermediary (Ingwersen 1982) or cognitive aspects of IR (Kulthau 1984, Ingwersen 1996).
    Date
    22. 3.2002 9:54:13
    Type
    a
  6. Shah, G.A.; Desai, A.T.; Nagarkar, S.A.: Search strategies : their importance in IR process (1992) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Discusses how users' questions should be analysed and appropriate search strategies should be formulated with a view to enhancing the capabilities of a system in retrieval of the most relevant information with a high degree of precision
    Source
    Proceedings of the 15th National IASLIC Conference, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India, 26-29 December 1992. Ed. by. A. Chatterjee et al
    Type
    a
  7. English, W.: ¬A short primer in conducting searches (1998) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Presents a brief guide to using Boolean operators and search engines to find information on the Web
    Type
    a
  8. Basch, R.: Secrets of the super searchers : planning search strategies (1993) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Examines methods of formulating a search strategy from interviewing 23 expert searchers
    Type
    a
  9. Makulowich, J.S.: 10 tips on managing your Internet searching (1995) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Offers 10 tips for finding information on the Internet. Define the area and level of expertise. Require end users to complete a request form defining the query. Categorize the Internat in lay terms for casual users. Establich a realistic time for retrieving results. Adopt a disciplined, systematic approach to the search. Understand the operating platform and the major tools available. Maintain a file of important services and addresses and users. Develop bookmarks and home pages. Learn shortcuts. Participate in the Internet Hunt (a monthly series of questions that allows searchers to practice and perfect search skills)
    Type
    a
  10. Raskutti, B.; Zukerman, I.: Generating queries and replies during information-seeking interactions (1997) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Analysis of naturally occuring information-seeking dialogues indicates that they consist of several distinct discourse segments, such as greeting, request, clarification, information transfer and closing. Presents a mechanism for generating queries during the clarification stage and answers during the information transfer stage. Given a hierarchical representation of the alternatives possibly intended by a user and the probabilities of these alternatives, the mechanism determines whether a query must be posed and if so, the actual query to be posed. The mechanism also enters into a negotiation process to alter the user's specifications when a user's intentions cannot be satisfied by means of a single plan. The mechanisms for negotiation, query and answer generation have been implemented into RADAR, a computerized information provider that Recognizes And Discriminates between Alternatives and Responds and functions as a travel agent
    Type
    a
  11. Jordan, R.P.: Searching for information on tests : reference sources and a search strategy (1995) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Research methodologies in several of the social sciences require the use of tests. When assisting social science researchers who seek information on tests, reference librarians do not, themselves, always have direct access to the instruments. Librarians should not only have the knowledge that various print and electronic database resources are available to gain needed information, but they should also have a strategy by which these sources can be searched in an expedient and thorough manner. This paper offers such a search strategy which can be used with the materials commonly found in a large research or specialized test library
    Type
    a
  12. Cole, C.; Kennedy, L.; Carter, S.: ¬The optimization of online searches through the labelling of a dynamic, situation-dependent information need : the reference interview and online searching for undergraduates doing a social-science assignment (1996) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Proposes a reference interview strategy that will allow the reference librarian to: efficiently assess the information need of undergraduates undertaking a social science assignment, label the information need, and assign the most appropriate online search strategy to satisfy this need
    Type
    a
  13. Mohan, K.C.: Boolean and nearest neighbour text searching in a multi-strategy retrieval system (1996) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Information retrieval systems based on the Boolean model have been popular for some time. A major challenge to this model has come from the development of approaches based on the vector processing model. Both search strategies are explained and evaluated. Describes an experimental study in an opertational environment to compare the retrieval effectiveness of Boolean and nearest neighbour searching in a multi-strategy retrieval system based on query characteristic variables. Considers the significance of the results of the study
    Source
    Library science with a slant to documentation and information studies. 33(1996) no.1, S.29-38
    Type
    a
  14. Spink, A.: Towards a theoretical framework for information retrieval in an information seeking context (1999) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    This paper presents the initial stages of the development of a three-dimensional model as a theoretical framework for conceptualizing and exploring interactive information retrieval (IR) with an information seeking context. The model, displayed in Figure 1, includes a Plane of Judgment within a Plane of Interaction within a Plane of Time. The Plane of Judgment includes levels and regions of relevance judgments, and other user judgments during interactive IR, e.g., magnitude or strategy feedback, tactics, search strategies, or search terms. The Plane of Judgment exists within a Plane of Interaction. The Plane of Interaction consists of interactive IR models, including Ingwersen (1992, 1996), Belkin, Cool, Stein and Theil (1995), and Saracevic (1996b, 1997). The Plane of Interaction includes movement or shifts within interactions or search episodes, e.g., tactics, information problem, strategies, terms, feedback, goal states, or uncertainty. IR interactions that occur within a Plane of Interaction exist within a Plane of Time. The Plane of Time includes users' information seeking stages, represented in the model by Kuhlthau's Information Search Process Model (1993) and users' successive searches over time related to the same or evolving information problem (Spink, 1996). The three-dimensional model is a framework for the development of theoretical and empirical research to: 1. Integrate interactive IR research within information-seeking context 2. Explore users' interactive IR episodes within their changing information-seeking contexts 3. Examine relevance judgments within users' information seeking processes 4. Broaden relevance research to include the concurrent exploration of relevance judgment level, region and time
    Type
    a
  15. Pharo, N.: Web information search strategies : a model for classifying Web interaction (1999) 0.00 
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    Source
    Vocabulary as a central concept in digital libraries: interdisciplinary concepts, challenges, and opportunities : proceedings of the Third International Conference an Conceptions of Library and Information Science (COLIS3), Dubrovnik, Croatia, 23-26 May 1999. Ed. by T. Arpanac et al
    Type
    a
  16. Spink, A.; Goodrum, A.; Robins, D.: Elicitation behavior during mediated information retrieval (1998) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Considers what elicitation or requests for information search intermediaries make of users with information requests during an information retrieval interaction - including prior to and during an information retrieval interaction - and for what purpose. Reports a study of elicitations during 40 mediated information retrieval interactions. Identifies a total of 1.557 search intermediary elicitations within 15 purpose categories. The elicitation purposes of search intermediaries included requests for information on search terms and strategies, database selection, search procedures, system's outputs and relevance of retrieved items, and users' knowledge and previous information seeking. Investigates the transition sequences from 1 type of search intermediary elicitation to another. Compares these findings with results from a study of end user questions
    Type
    a
  17. Vakkari, P.: Task complexity, information types, search strategies and relevance : integrating studies on information retrieval and seeking (1999) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Research in information science aims to comprehend the facilitation of access to information for supporting purposeful action. The major themes to be addressed have been how information is organized for access, how it is retrieved from storage, and how it is sought out and used for various purposes. Two central research areas in the field are information retrieval (IR) and information seeking (IS) (Vakkari & Rochester, 1998). Although intuitively the fields seem to be overlapping, their research communities have been active in their own enclosures. Few researchers have visited the neighboring side. However, there are researchers (Bates, 1989; Belkin & Vickery, 1986; Belkin, 1993; Ellis, 1989; Ingwersen, 1992, 1996; Järvelin 1987; Kuhlthau, 1993; Marchionini, 1995; Saracevic & Kantor, 1988) who have stressed the need to connect results from both research traditions. IR can be seen as a part of a broader process of information seeking. By IS is understood a process of searching, obtaining and using information for a purpose (e.g., form a solution for a task) when a person does not have sufficient prior knowledge. By 1R is understood the use of an information system for obtaining relevant information for a purpose (e.g., a task). This implies that information systems are a specific means among other sources and channels for obtaining information.
    Type
    a
  18. Jacobson, F.F.; Jacobson, M.J.: Representative cognitive learning theories and BI : a case study of end user searching (1993) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    To be successful at online searching, students must be able to apply the concepts and skills learned in the classroom to a variety of complex products and search conditions. Examines an online searching instructional programme for high school seniors from the perspective of several cognitive learning theories, and proposes a synthesized approach to applying learning theory to bibliographic instruction
    Type
    a
  19. Trullier, O.; Meyer, J.-A.: Bionimetic navigation models and strategies in animals (1997) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Describes a hierarchy of 4 navigation strategies - guidance, place recognition-triggered response, topological navigation and metric navigation. Such a hierarchy can be used to categorise models that are inspired by current knowledge about the way animals navigate in their environments. Describes the main mechanisms implemented in each model, together with the basic adaptive capacities that the corresponding strategy effords. Discusses the moethodological options that implementation of bionimetic models in real robots would entail
    Type
    a
  20. Kuhlthau, C.C.: Investigating patterns in information seeking : concepts in context (1999) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    This paper presents the initial stages of the development of a three-dimensional model as a theoretical framework for conceptualizing and exploring interactive information retrieval (IR) with an information seeking context. The model, displayed in Figure 1, includes a Plane of Judgment within a Plane of Interaction within a Plane of Time. The Plane of Judgment includes levels and regions of relevance judgments, and other user judgments during interactive IR, e.g., magnitude or strategy feedback, tactics, search strategies, or search terms. The Plane of Judgment exists within a Plane of Interaction. The Plane of Interaction consists of interactive IR models, including Ingwersen (1992, 1996), Belkin, Cool, Stein and Theil (1995), and Saracevic (1996b, 1997). The Plane of Interaction includes movement or shifts within interactions or search episodes, e.g., tactics, information problem, strategies, terms, feedback, goal states, or uncertainty. IR interactions that occur within a Plane of Interaction exist within a Plane of Time. The Plane of Time includes users' information seeking stages, represented in the model by Kuhlthau's Information Search Process Model (1993) and users' successive searches over time related to the same or evolving information problem (Spink, 1996). The three-dimensional model is a framework for the development of theoretical and empirical research to: 1. Integrate interactive IR research within information-seeking context 2. Explore users' interactive IR episodes within their changing information-seeking contexts 3. Examine relevance judgments within users' information seeking processes 4. Broaden relevance research to include the concurrent exploration of relevance judgment level, region and time
    Type
    a

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