Search (1245 results, page 1 of 63)

  • × year_i:[2000 TO 2010}
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  1. Schrodt, R.: Tiefen und Untiefen im wissenschaftlichen Sprachgebrauch (2008) 0.23 
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    Content
    Vgl. auch: https://studylibde.com/doc/13053640/richard-schrodt. Vgl. auch: http%3A%2F%2Fwww.univie.ac.at%2FGermanistik%2Fschrodt%2Fvorlesung%2Fwissenschaftssprache.doc&usg=AOvVaw1lDLDR6NFf1W0-oC9mEUJf.
  2. Donsbach, W.: Wahrheit in den Medien : über den Sinn eines methodischen Objektivitätsbegriffes (2001) 0.14 
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    Source
    Politische Meinung. 381(2001) Nr.1, S.65-74 [https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dgfe.de%2Ffileadmin%2FOrdnerRedakteure%2FSektionen%2FSek02_AEW%2FKWF%2FPublikationen_Reihe_1989-2003%2FBand_17%2FBd_17_1994_355-406_A.pdf&usg=AOvVaw2KcbRsHy5UQ9QRIUyuOLNi]
  3. Faaborg, A.; Lagoze, C.: Semantic browsing (2003) 0.08 
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    Abstract
    We have created software applications that allow users to both author and use Semantic Web metadata. To create and use a layer of semantic content on top of the existing Web, we have (1) implemented a user interface that expedites the task of attributing metadata to resources on the Web, and (2) augmented a Web browser to leverage this semantic metadata to provide relevant information and tasks to the user. This project provides a framework for annotating and reorganizing existing files, pages, and sites on the Web that is similar to Vannevar Bushrsquos original concepts of trail blazing and associative indexing.
    Source
    Research and advanced technology for digital libraries : 7th European Conference, proceedings / ECDL 2003, Trondheim, Norway, August 17-22, 2003
    Theme
    Semantisches Umfeld in Indexierung u. Retrieval
  4. Nentwich, M.: Cyberscience : research in the age of the Internet (2004) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    Cyberscience will be different from traditional science. For two decades already, the scholarly community has witnessed a considerable increase in the use of information and communication technologies (ICT). As opposed to "traditional" science that does without networked computers, the notion of "cyberscience" captures the use of these ICT-based applications and services for scientific purposes. The basic assumption of this study is that ICT use impacts on the basic parameters of how academia is organised, of how it functions, and of what it produces. This book describes and analyses the use of ICT in the academic world; it explains the status quo based on an analytical model; it draws a realistic and differentiated picture of probable future developments; it assesses the impact of ICT on various aspects of academic activity and on the substance of research; and it discusses the implications for research policy and the steering mechanisms within the scholarly organisations. The overall conclusion is that we are in midstream of a forceful development. Cyberscience is already taking place, but will develop its full shape and potentials only later. The new media have only just begun to play a central role in a large array of scholarly activities, and in regard to the institutional setting. Not only academic communication in the narrow sense, but also the distribution of knowledge and, most importantly, even knowledge production are affected. Hence, the impact of ICT can hardly be underrated.
    Footnote
    Rez in: Wechselwirkung 26(2004) Nr.128, S.109-110: "In seinem englischsprachigen Buch "cyberscience - Research in the Age of the Internet" beschäftigt sich Michael Nentwich mit den Auswirkungen der Informationsund Kommunikations- (I&K) - Technologien auf den Wissenschaftsbetrieb. Zwei The sen stehen im Zentrum: Die erste ist, dass die I&K-Technologien einige Rahmenbedingungen und praktisch alle Formen wissenschaftlicher Tätigkeit betreffen. Ein systematisches Screening macht deutlich, dass sowohl der organisatorische Rahmen des Wissenschaftsbetriebs wie auch die Wissensproduktion sowie die Formen der wissenschaftlichen Kommunikation und schließlich die Wissensvermittlung (Lehre) direkt betroffen sind. Eine zweite, darauf aufbauende These lautet, dass die vielen Entwicklungen, mit denen sich Wissenschaftler konfrontiert sehen - angefangen von der ständigen Nutzung des Computers am Arbeitsplatz über die Verlagerung der Kommunikation mit Kollegen in Richtung E-mail bis zu neuen elektronischen Publikationsformen - nicht nur, wie zumeist angenommen, die Kommunikation beschleunigen, sondern das Potenzial zu qualitativen Veränderungen des Wissenschaftssystems haben. Diese These wird mit Hinweisen auf bereits eingeleitete oder möglicherweise bevorstehende Veränderungen hinsichtlich eines Kernstücks der wissenschaftlichen Kommunikation, nämlich des Publikationswesens, wie auch der Ortsgebundenheit von Forschung und schließlich hinsichtlich der Verteilung der Rollen im Wissenschaftsbetrieb belegt."
  5. Witschel, H.F.: Global and local resources for peer-to-peer text retrieval (2008) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    This thesis is organised as follows: Chapter 2 gives a general introduction to the field of information retrieval, covering its most important aspects. Further, the tasks of distributed and peer-to-peer information retrieval (P2PIR) are introduced, motivating their application and characterising the special challenges that they involve, including a review of existing architectures and search protocols in P2PIR. Finally, chapter 2 presents approaches to evaluating the e ectiveness of both traditional and peer-to-peer IR systems. Chapter 3 contains a detailed account of state-of-the-art information retrieval models and algorithms. This encompasses models for matching queries against document representations, term weighting algorithms, approaches to feedback and associative retrieval as well as distributed retrieval. It thus defines important terminology for the following chapters. The notion of "multi-level association graphs" (MLAGs) is introduced in chapter 4. An MLAG is a simple, graph-based framework that allows to model most of the theoretical and practical approaches to IR presented in chapter 3. Moreover, it provides an easy-to-grasp way of defining and including new entities into IR modeling, such as paragraphs or peers, dividing them conceptually while at the same time connecting them to each other in a meaningful way. This allows for a unified view on many IR tasks, including that of distributed and peer-to-peer search. Starting from related work and a formal defiition of the framework, the possibilities of modeling that it provides are discussed in detail, followed by an experimental section that shows how new insights gained from modeling inside the framework can lead to novel combinations of principles and eventually to improved retrieval effectiveness.
    Chapter 5 empirically tackles the first of the two research questions formulated above, namely the question of global collection statistics. More precisely, it studies possibilities of radically simplified results merging. The simplification comes from the attempt - without having knowledge of the complete collection - to equip all peers with the same global statistics, making document scores comparable across peers. Chapter 5 empirically tackles the first of the two research questions formulated above, namely the question of global collection statistics. More precisely, it studies possibilities of radically simplified results merging. The simplification comes from the attempt - without having knowledge of the complete collection - to equip all peers with the same global statistics, making document scores comparable across peers. What is examined, is the question of how we can obtain such global statistics and to what extent their use will lead to a drop in retrieval effectiveness. In chapter 6, the second research question is tackled, namely that of making forwarding decisions for queries, based on profiles of other peers. After a review of related work in that area, the chapter first defines the approaches that will be compared against each other. Then, a novel evaluation framework is introduced, including a new measure for comparing results of a distributed search engine against those of a centralised one. Finally, the actual evaluation is performed using the new framework.
  6. Aalberg, T.; Haugen, F.B.; Husby, O.: ¬A Tool for Converting from MARC to FRBR (2006) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    The FRBR model is by many considered to be an important contribution to the next generation of bibliographic catalogues, but a major challenge for the library community is how to use this model on already existing MARC-based bibliographic catalogues. This problem requires a solution for the interpretation and conversion of MARC records, and a tool for this kind of conversion is developed as a part of the Norwegian BIBSYS FRBR project. The tool is based on a systematic approach to the interpretation and conversion process and is designed to be adaptable to the rules applied in different catalogues.
    Source
    Research and advanced technology for digital libraries : 10th European conference, proceedings / ECDL 2006, Alicante, Spain, September 17 - 22, 2006
  7. Woldering, B.: Europeana - mehrsprachiger Zugang zu Europas digitalem Kulturerbe (2008) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    The Europeana, the European digital library web-service, is being developed in the framework of the EU-funded network EDLnet. The demo version of this webservice was shown at an international conference at the German National Library in Frankfurt on 1 February 2008, the prototype will be launched in November 2008. In November 2007 the EDL Foundation was established to provide cross-domain multilingual access to Europe's cultural heritage. It will facilitate formal agreement across museums, archives, audio-visual archives and libraries on how to cooperate in the delivery and sustainability of a joint portal and will provide a legal framework for use by the EU for funding purposes and as a springboard for future governance. The European Commission is supporting the process towards the Europeana with a set of projects centering on The European Library. This webservice created by the European national libraries is seen as one of the major building blocks of the Europeana.
    Date
    22. 2.2009 19:11:35
    Source
    New pespectives on subject indexing and classification: essays in honour of Magda Heiner-Freiling. Red.: K. Knull-Schlomann, u.a
  8. Wan, X.; Yang, J.; Xiao, J.: Incorporating cross-document relationships between sentences for single document summarizations (2006) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    Graph-based ranking algorithms have recently been proposed for single document summarizations and such algorithms evaluate the importance of a sentence by making use of the relationships between sentences in the document in a recursive way. In this paper, we investigate using other related or relevant documents to improve summarization of one single document based on the graph-based ranking algorithm. In addition to the within-document relationships between sentences in the specified document, the cross-document relationships between sentences in different documents are also taken into account in the proposed approach. We evaluate the performance of the proposed approach on DUC 2002 data with the ROUGE metric and results demonstrate that the cross-document relationships between sentences in different but related documents can significantly improve the performance of single document summarization.
    Source
    Research and advanced technology for digital libraries : 10th European conference, proceedings / ECDL 2006, Alicante, Spain, September 17 - 22, 2006
  9. Joint INIS/ETDE Thesaurus (Rev. 2) April 2007 (2007) 0.03 
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    Content
    ""A thesaurus is a terminological control device used in translating from the natural language of documents, indexers or users into a more constrained `system language' (document language, information language)". It is also "a controlled and dynamic vocabulary of semantically and generically related terms which covers a specific domain of knowledge". The Joint INIS/EDTE Thesaurus fits this definition adopted by UNESCO.' The domain of knowledge covered by the Joint INIS/ETDE Thesaurus includes physics (in particular, plasma physics, atomic and molecular physics, and especially nuclear and high-energy physics), chemistry, materials science, earth sciences, radiation biology, radioisotope effects and kinetics, applied life sciences, radiology and nuclear medicine, isotope and radiation source technology, radiation protection, radiation applications, engineering, instrumentation, fossil fuels, synthetic fuels, renewable energy sources, advanced energy systems, fission and fusion reactor technology, safeguards and inspection, waste management, environmental aspects of the production and consumption of energy from nuclear and non-nuclear sources, energy efficiency and energy conservation, economics and sociology of energy production and use, energy policy, and nuclear law. The terms in the Joint Thesaurus are listed alphabetically. For each alphabetical entry, a "word block", containing the terms associated with this particular entry, is displayed. In the word block, terms that have a hierarchical relationship to the entry are identified by the symbols BT for Broader Term, and NT for Narrower Term; a term with an affinitive relationship is identified by RT, for Related Term; terms with a preferential relationship are identified by USE or SEE, and OF for Used For, and SF for Seen For. In case of multiple USE relationships for a forbidden term, all listed descriptors should be used to index or search a given concept. In case of multiple SEE relationships, one or more of the listed descriptors should be considered for indexing or searching this concept."
    Footnote
    The latest version of the Joint INIS/ETDEThesaurus has been published, English on paper, Multilingual (Arabic-Chinese-English-French-GermanRussian-Spanish) on CD: Joint Thesaurus Part I (A-L) and Part II (M-Z) ETDE/INIS Joint Reference Series No. 1 (Rev. 2) The ETDE/INIS Joint Thesaurus (Rev. 2) contains the controlled terminology for indexing all information within the subject scope of INIS and the Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDE). The terminology is used in subject descriptions for input to, or retrieval of, information in these systems. The Joint Thesaurus is the result of continued editing in parallel to the processing of the INIS and ETDE databases. With updates to September 2006 Rev. 2 includes 21147 valid descriptors and 9114 forbidden terms. IAEA-ETDE/INIS-1 (Rev. 2), 1221 p., 2007, ISBN 92-0-102207-7, English. 120.00 Euro. Date of Issue: 10 May 2007.
    INIS: Multilingual Thesaurus Arabic-Chinese-English-French-GermanRussian-Spanish INIS Reference Series No. 26/CD The INIS Multilingual Thesaurus is a tool to assist users of the INIS Database in indexing, and searching for, literature in several languages. The Thesaurus also serves workers in the nuclear field who are not directly connected with INIS, as well as translators, interpreters, authors and others working in the areas of languages, semantics or terminological reference. The translations of the terminology from the English version (source language) into Arabic, Chinese, French, German, Russian and Spanish (target languages) were performed by specialists from the INIS centres of the Syrian Arab Republic, China, France, Germany, the Russian Federation and Spain, respectively. IAEA-INIS-26/CD, 2007, ISBN 92-0-102307-3, Arabic-Chinese-EnglishFrench-German-Russian-Spanish. 30.00 Euro. Date of Issue: May 2007.
  10. Mönch, C.; Aalberg, T.: Automatic conversion from MARC to FRBR (2003) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    Catalogs have for centuries been the main tool that enabled users to search for items in a library by author, title, or subject. A catalog can be interpreted as a set of bibliographic records, where each record acts as a surrogate for a publication. Every record describes a specific publication and contains the data that is used to create the indexes of search systems and the information that is presented to the user. Bibliographic records are often captured and exchanged by the use of the MARC format. Although there are numerous rdquodialectsrdquo of the MARC format in use, they are usually crafted on the same basis and are interoperable with each other -to a certain extent. The data model of a MARC-based catalog, however, is rdquo[...] extremely non-normalized with excessive replication of datardquo [1]. For instance, a literary work that exists in numerous editions and translations is likely to yield a large result set because each edition or translation is represented by an individual record, that is unrelated to other records that describe the same work.
    Source
    Research and advanced technology for digital libraries : 7th European Conference, proceedings / ECDL 2003, Trondheim, Norway, August 17-22, 2003
  11. Heckner, M.; Wolff, C.: Wissensmanagement mit Social Software : Editorial (2009) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    In the introduction for this special issue we briefly review the development of social software, contrasting it with earlier group-based computer applications like groupware and computer- supported cooperative work. The contributions selected span a wide range starting from reflections on informality as a key property of social software. Case studies give details on using wikis for knowledge management and the influence of choosing a specific wiki engine. The transformation problem for non-digital information services is discussed in the context of a large research institute. More recent types of social systems and their potential use for knowledge management are discussed for microblogs as well as semantic wiki systems. Finally, an overview study gives information on the intensity of social software usage for customer communications in large European companies.
  12. Dahlberg, I.: Kompatibilität und Integration : Probleme und Lösungen in der Wissensorganisation (2008) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    The trend in the fifties and sixties of the past century away from the use of universal classification systems such as the UDC towards establishing thesauri in special subject fields for the description of the conceptual contents of documents lead documentalists soon to realize that the necessary common tool for a collaboration among centers of similar subject fields was lacking. Therefore compatibility and integration studies began between the different thesauri of such fields, leading often to more comprehensive thesauri, such as macrothesauri. The paper describes this historic development and also the solutions found at the 1995 ISKO-Conference in Warsaw/Poland on Compatibility and Integration as given in its papers, its recommendations and also in the conceptual frame of its comprehensive bibliography on this topic. In conclusion a new solution is presented oriented toward combining the use of a universal classification system with the new developments of ontologies and their problem of interoperability and heterogeneity.
    Content
    Enthält im Anhang (S.48-49) die: "Recommendations of the Research Seminar on Compatibility and Integration of Order Systems organized by the International Society fpr Knowledge Organization (ISKO) and the Society for Professional Information (TIP), Warsaw, Poland, September 13-15, 1995".
    Source
    Kompatibilität, Medien und Ethik in der Wissensorganisation - Compatibility, Media and Ethics in Knowledge Organization: Proceedings der 10. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation Wien, 3.-5. Juli 2006 - Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the German Section of the International Society of Knowledge Organization Vienna, 3-5 July 2006. Ed.: H.P. Ohly, S. Netscher u. K. Mitgutsch
  13. Kasperek, G.: BioDDC - Anwendung der Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation im Fach Biologie (2008) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Since 2005, the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) has been adopted at the University Library in Frankfurt am Main for the new acquisitions of its special collections in biology. A pragmatic approach has been chosen to cope with the amount of literature, the required retrieval options, and the limited human resources. This concept is named BioDDC. The depth of indexing for the relevant areas is determined at a medium level, between abridged edition and standard DDC; number building is restricted; and, in respect of enhanced retrieval options, the individual components of numbers are kept separate in data models. BioDDC, as a concept, has been developed in consultation with the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek (DNB), ensuring compatibility with standard DDC. Aspects of practical implementation and further perspectives are depicted.
    Source
    New pespectives on subject indexing and classification: essays in honour of Magda Heiner-Freiling. Red.: K. Knull-Schlomann, u.a
  14. Friedl, J.: DDC im DDC : Dewey Decimal Classification im Dewey Developing Country (2008) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    The article gives an overview of the development of indexing in Austrian academic libraries. Various reasons are considered why the use of the DDC for indexing purposes has met with resistance in Austrian academic libraries. The introduction of the DDC classification system in Austrian academic libraries is recommended by the author. The DDC provides numerous advantages for the libraries' acquisition and indexing processes. The implementation of the DDC is discussed as an organizational development project for academic libraries. First steps towards such a project are described.
    Source
    New pespectives on subject indexing and classification: essays in honour of Magda Heiner-Freiling. Red.: K. Knull-Schlomann, u.a
  15. Krause, J.: Heterogenität und Integration : Zur Weiterentwicklung von Inhaltserschließung und Retrieval in sich veränderten Kontexten (2001) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    As an important support tool in science research, specialized information systems are rapidly changing their character. The potential for improvement compared with today's usual systems is enormous. This fact will be demonstrated by means of two problem complexes: - WWW search engines, which were developed without any government grants, are increasingly dominating the scene. Does the WWW displace information centers with their high quality databases? What are the results we can get nowadays using general WWW search engines? - In addition to the WWW and specialized databases, scientists now use WWW library catalogues of digital libraries, which combine the catalogues from an entire region or a country. At the same time, however, they are faced with highly decentralized heterogeneous databases which contain the widest range of textual sources and data, e.g. from surveys. One consequence is the presence of serious inconsistencies in quality, relevance and content analysis. Thus, the main problem to be solved is as follows: users must be supplied with heterogeneous data from different sources, modalities and content development processes via a visual user interface without inconsistencies in content development, for example, seriously impairing the quality of the search results, e. g. when phrasing their search inquiry in the terminology to which they are accustomed
  16. Berners-Lee, T.; Hendler, J.; Lassila, O.: ¬The Semantic Web : a new form of Web content that is meaningful to computers will unleash a revolution of new possibilities (2001) 0.02 
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  17. Agosti, M.; Pretto, L.: ¬A theoretical study of a generalized version of kleinberg's HITS algorithm (2005) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Kleinberg's HITS (Hyperlink-Induced Topic Search) algorithm (Kleinberg 1999), which was originally developed in a Web context, tries to infer the authoritativeness of a Web page in relation to a specific query using the structure of a subgraph of the Web graph, which is obtained considering this specific query. Recent applications of this algorithm in contexts far removed from that of Web searching (Bacchin, Ferro and Melucci 2002, Ng et al. 2001) inspired us to study the algorithm in the abstract, independently of its particular applications, trying to mathematically illuminate its behaviour. In the present paper we detail this theoretical analysis. The original work starts from the definition of a revised and more general version of the algorithm, which includes the classic one as a particular case. We perform an analysis of the structure of two particular matrices, essential to studying the behaviour of the algorithm, and we prove the convergence of the algorithm in the most general case, finding the analytic expression of the vectors to which it converges. Then we study the symmetry of the algorithm and prove the equivalence between the existence of symmetry and the independence from the order of execution of some basic operations on initial vectors. Finally, we expound some interesting consequences of our theoretical results.
    Source
    Advances in mathematical/formal methods in information retrieval. 8(2005) no.2 , S.219-243
  18. Jahns, Y.: Funktionelle Anforderungen an Normdaten für Themen von Werken : Wissenseinheiten in ein bibliothekarisches Modell gepresst (2008) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    IFLA-Working Group on Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Records/Data (FRSAR) builds a conceptual model of entities as they relate to the aboutness of works. This structured frame of reference will help to share and use subject authority data within the library sector and beyond. FRSAR confirms what FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records) has already defined: Every WORK has a THEMA. THEMA means anything that can be subject. THEMA has appellation NOMEN. NOMEN is any alpha numeric, sound, visual etc. symbol or combination of symbols by which a thema is known, referred to or addressed. A draft final FRSAR-report for a world-wide review is planned in 2008.
    Source
    New pespectives on subject indexing and classification: essays in honour of Magda Heiner-Freiling. Red.: K. Knull-Schlomann, u.a
  19. Lewandowski, D.: Web Information Retrieval : Technologien zur Informationssuche im Internet (2005) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Verfahren des Information Retrieval haben in den letzten Jahren eine enorme Bedeutung erlangt. Während diese Verfahren jahrzehntelang nur Einsatz in spezialisierten Datenbanken fanden, haben sie durch das Aufkommen von Suchmaschinen im World Wide Web mittlerweile eine zentrale Bedeutung in der Informationsversorgung eingenommen. Verfahren des Web Information Retrieval entscheiden darüber, welche Informationen von Nutzern gefunden werden; man spricht auch von einer "Gatekeeper"-Funktion der Suchmaschinen. Diese sind zum bedeutendsten Rechercheinstrument sowohl im privaten, beruflichen als auch wissenschaftlichen Bereich avanciert. Google, die berühmteste der "Information-Retrieval-Firmen", ist fast täglich in den Schlagzeilen zu finden. Immer neue Innovationen (nicht nur dieses Anbieters) zeigen die Web-Suche als dynamisches Feld. Vor allem wird durch die zahlreichen Neuerungen der letzten Jahre, teilweise erst der letzten Monate, deutlich, dass die Suche im Web trotz ihrer mittlerweile fast zehnjährigen Geschichte erst am Anfang steht. Dass dem Web Information Retrieval eine hohe Bedeutung zugemessen wird, zeigt sich auch im wachsenden Interesse kommerzieller Unternehmen an diesem Thema. Ein Blick auf die Sponsorenliste der letztjährigen Konferenz der ACM Special Interest Group on Information Retrieval mag dies verdeutlichen: Neben den wichtigen Suchmaschinen-Anbietern Google, Microsoft, Yahoo und Ask Jeeves finden sich auch Großunternehmen wie IBM, Canon und Sharp. Auch in der gesellschaftlichen Diskussion sind die Suchmaschinen angekommen: Es findet gegenwärtig eine Diskussion um die "Google-Gesellschaft" statt, wobei gefragt wird, inwieweit ein einzelner Anbieter bzw. wenige Anbieter darüber entscheiden sollten, welche Informationen beim Nutzer angelangen. In dieser Hinsicht befassen sich inzwischen auch politische Parteien mit dem Thema. So publizierte etwa die Gründe Bundestagsfraktion ein Diskussionspapier unter dem Titel "Suchmaschinen: Tore zum Netz", in welchem unter anderem die Rolle der Suchmaschinen beim Zugang zu Informationen und Probleme des Datenschutzes bei der Suchmaschinennutzung angesprochen werden.
    Die vorliegende Arbeit setzt auf einer eher technischen Ebene an und bietet die Grundlagen für das Verständnis der Funktionsweise und der Defizite von Web-Suchmaschinen. Während zum klassischen Information Retrieval eine breite Auswahl an Literatur vorliegt, gibt es bisher kein Werk, welches eine umfassende Darstellung des Web Information Retrieval mit seinen Unterscheidungen und Besonderheiten gegenüber dem "klassischen" Information Retrieval bietet. Monographien zum Thema Suchmaschinen behandeln vor allem deren Suchfunktionen oder konzentrieren sich allein auf algorithmische Aspekte des Web Information Retrieval. Die Forschungslitertaur liegt zum überwältigenden Teil nur in englischer Sprache vor; die Forschung selbst findet zu einem großen Teil in den USA statt. Aus diesem Grund werden Spezifika anderer Sprachen als des Englischen sowie Besonderheiten auf nationaler oder gar kontinentaler Ebene vernachlässigt. Die Konsequenzen, die sich aus den Besonderheiten des Web Information Re¬trieval ergeben, wurden bisher nur unzureichend erkannt. Suchmaschinen orientieren sich noch stark am klassischen Information Retrieval, wenn auch teils eigene Rankingkriterien gefunden wurden, vor allem die Ergänzung der klassischen Faktoren durch eine Art der Qualitätsbewertung der indexierten Dokumente. Die Arbeit soll aufzeigen, welche Schritte nötig sind, um Web Information Retrieval vor allem auch in Hinblick auf die Charakteristika der Suchmaschinen-Nutzer effektiv zu gestalten. Die Verfahren des klassischen Information Retrieval versagen hier, da sie einerseits von einer gepflegten Dokumentenkollektion, andererseits von einem geschulten Nutzer ausgehen. Suchmaschinen haben mit Problemen des sog. Index-Spamming zu kämpfen: Hierbei werden (oft in kommerziellem Interesse) inhaltlich wertlose Dokumente erstellt, die in den Trefferlisten der Suchmaschinen auf den vorderen Rängen angezeigt werden sollen, um Nutzer auf eine bestimmte Webseite zu lenken. Zwar existieren Verfahren, die ein solches Spamming verhindern sollen, allerdings können auch diese das Problem lediglich eindämmen, nicht aber verhindern. Das Problem ließe sich wenigstens zum Teil durch die Nutzer lösen, wenn diese gezielte Suchanfragen stellen würden, die solche irrelevanten Treffer ausschließen würden. Allerdings zeigt die Nutzerforschung einheitlich, dass das Wissen der Nutzer über die von ihnen verwendeten Suchmaschinen ausgesprochen gering ist; dies gilt sowohl für ihre Kenntnisse der Funktionsweise der Suchmaschinen als auch die Kenntnis der Suchfunktionen.
    Die Arbeit konzentriert sich neben der Darstellung des Forschungsstands im Bereich des Web Information Retrieval auf einen nutzerzentrierten Ansatz des Aufbaus von Suchmaschinen, der sich aus dem Retrieval in klassischen Datenbanken herleitet. Als zentral für eine erfolgreiche Recherche wird dabei die Möglichkeit der gezielten Beschränkung der Recherche durch den Nutzer gesehen; die wichtigsten Faktoren sind hierbei die Einschränkung nach Aktualität, Qualität und die verbesserte Dokumentauswahl aufgrund einer erweiterten Dokumentrepräsentation. Alle drei Möglichkeiten sind in bisher verfügbaren Suchmaschinen nicht zufrieden stellend implementiert. Ein Problem bei der Bearbeitung des Themas ergab sich aus der Tatsache, dass die Forschung im Bereich Web Information Retrieval zu einem großen Teil bei den Anbietern selbst stattfindet, die darauf bedacht sind, ihre Erkenntnisse nicht zu veröffentlichen und damit der Konkurrenz zu überlassen. Viele Forschungsergebnisse können daher nur anhand der fertiggestellten Anwendungen rekonstruiert werden; hilfreich waren in manchen Fällen auch die von den Suchmaschinenbetreibern angemeldeten Patente, die für die vorliegende Arbeit ausgewertet wurden. Insgesamt zeigt sich, dass eine neue Form des Information Retrieval entstanden ist. Ziele des klassischen Information Retrieval wie die Vollständigkeit der Treffermenge verlieren ob der schieren Masse der zurückgegebenen Treffer an Bedeutung; dafür werden Faktoren der Qualitätsbewertung der Dokumente immer wichtiger. Das Web Information Retrieval setzt auf dem klassischen Information Retrieval auf und erweitert dieses wo nötig. Das Ziel bleibt aber weitgehend das gleiche: Dem Nutzer die für die Befriedigung seines Informationsbedürfnisses besten Ergebnisse zu liefern. Neben der Informationswissenschaft findet die Information-Retrieval-Forschung hauptsächlich in der Informatik statt. Der informationswissenschaftlichen Forschung kommt die Aufgabe zu, den stark technik-zentrierten Ansatz der Informatik um einen "Blick fürs Ganze" zu erweitern und insbesondere die Bedürfnisse der Nutzer in ihren Ansatz einzubinden. Aufgrund der enormen Bedeutung des Web Information Retrieval, welches in den klassischen informationswissenschaftlichen Bereich fällt, ergibt sich für die Informationswissenschaft auch die Chance, sich in diesem Thema gegenüber anderen Disziplinen zu profilieren. Zum Aufbau der Arbeit Die Arbeit lässt sich grob in zwei Hauptteile gliedern: Der erste Teil (Kap. 2-10) beschreibt den Bereich Web Information Retrieval mit allen seinen Besonderheiten in Abgrenzung zum klassischen Information Retrieval; der zweite Teil (Kap. 11-13) stellt anhand der Ergebnisse des ersten Teils einen nutzerzentrierten Ansatz der Rechercheverfeinerung in mehreren Schritten vor.
    Content
    Inhalt: 1 Einleitung 2 Forschungsumfeld 2.1 Suchmaschinen-Markt 2.2 Formen der Suche im WWW 2.3 Aufbau algorithmischer Suchmaschinen 2.4 Abfragesprachen 2.5 Arten von Suchanfragen 2.6 Nutzerstudien 2.7 Forschungsbereiche 3 Die Größe des Web und seine Abdeckung durch Suchmaschinen 3.1 Die Größe des indexierbaren Web 3.2 Die Struktur des Web 3.3 Crawling 3.4 Aktualität der Suchmaschinen 3.5 Das Invisible Web 4 Strukturinformationen 4.1 Strukturierungsgrad von Dokumenten 4.2 Strukturinformationen in den im Web gängigen Dokumenten 4.3 Trennung von Navigation, Layout und Inhalt 4.4 Repräsentation der Dokumente in den Datenbanken der Suchmaschinen 5 Klassische Verfahren des Information Retrieval und ihre Anwendung bei WWW-Suchmaschinen 5.1 Unterschiede zwischen klassischem Information Retrieval und Web Information Retrieval 5.2 Kontrolliertes Vokabular 5.3 Kriterien für die Aufnahme in den Datenbestand 5.4 Modelle des Information Retrieval 6 Ranking 6.1 Rankingfaktoren 6.2 Messbarkeit von Relevanz 6.3 Grundsätzliche Probleme des Relevance Ranking in Suchmaschinen
    Footnote
    Rez. in: Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 56(2005) H.7, S.393-394 (J. Griesbaum): "... , das Buch wird seinem Titel und dem formulierten Anspruch sehr gut gerecht. Die 248 Seiten umfängliche Publikation leistet eine umfassende und, für den deutschsprachigen Raum, einzigartige State-of-the-Art-Analyse der Verfahren und auch der Defizite von Suchmaschinen im Internet. Dabei beschränkt sich Lewandowski nicht auf eine technikzentrierte Beschreibung aktueller Retrievalansätze, sondern akzentuiert ebenso deutlich auch die Problemfelder bei der Nutzung von Suchmaschinen. Dieser nutzerzentrierte Ansatz kommt vor allem im konzeptionellen Teil der Arbeit zum Tragen, der das Ziel verfolgt, Suchmaschinennutzern verbesserte Rechercheoptionen zu verschaffen. Angesichts der nur in geringem Maße vorhandenen Recherchekenntnisse der Nutzer liegt die Herausforderung vor allem darin, solche verbesserten Recherchemöglichkeiten derart auszugestalten, dass sie sich in realen Suchkontexten auch tatsächlich auswirken und nicht etwa wie die meist als "Erweitere Suche" bezeichneten Anfragemasken ein kaum beachtetes Dasein fristen. Der Verfasser konzipiert in diesem wichtigen Forschungsfeld neue Ansätze, um die Oualität des Information Retrievals zu verbessern. ... "
  20. Reiner, U.: Automatische DDC-Klassifizierung von bibliografischen Titeldatensätzen (2009) 0.02 
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    Date
    22. 8.2009 12:54:24
    Theme
    Klassifikationssysteme im Online-Retrieval

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  • e 13
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  • a 962
  • m 197
  • x 52
  • s 51
  • el 37
  • r 8
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